Dmitri Mendeleev: amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila, usosayensi Russian

Umthetho zesikhathi izakhi zamakhemikhali - ukutholakala ezibalulekile, ngawo ababeke bangene umlando Dmitri Mendeleev. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila usosayensi uvumele ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nalo muntu ongaqondakali, ukuhlaba zingene izimfihlakalo zayo. Yini ngaye eyaziwa ngaphandle kulokho elikhulu negalelo lakhe ekuthuthukiseni isayensi?

Mendeleev: amaqiniso athakazelisayo

wemithi Omkhulu wazalwa ngo Tobolsk, kwenzeka ngo-February 1834. Yiqiniso, nesithakazelo esikhulu kulokho umndeni wazalwa Dmitry Mendeleev. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila indoda edume isayensi kusikisela ukuthi livela khona emkhayeni omkhulu, kwaba ingane nesikhombisa abazali bakhe. Ngeshwa, abantwana abashonile eneminyaka engu-futhi cishe unyaka owodwa, kodwa lonke ngasinda.

Dmitry babengenaso isikhathi bagubha usuku lokuzalwa nantathu, lapho umndeni walahlekelwa umondli yayo. Ubaba ubesebenza njengodokotela umqondisi we Tobolsk yokuzivocavoca, washona ngenxa yokugula kakhulu. umama Mendeleev sika kwadingeka asebenze kanzima ukukhulisa izingane ngezinyawo zabo. It wayengadlali abanakekela ukuthi usosayensi omkhulu olandelayo owaba umfundi we-Main Pedagogical Institute, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uqambe Saint Petersburg State University.

Kusukela Abanqotshiwe - a medalist

Ngokumangalisayo, kuyilapho ukutadisha esikoleni esiphakeme is hhayi sinwebiswe ulwazi Dmitri Mendeleev. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila usosayensi othile, futhi zihlanganisa ulwazi mayelana amamaki akhe esikoleni. It is ukuthi kunzima kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuba uyakuphiwa umthetho kaNkulunkulu, futhi isi-Latin, akazange kumenze sithakazelo futhi neminye imikhakha yesayensi.

Futhi walondoloza ukwaziswa ukuthi Mendeleev babenezinkinga cwaningo futhi ngesikhathi lapho eseneminyaka isitshudeni sase-Main Pedagogical Institute. It is ngisho ukuthi usosayensi kanye brilliant wayephakathi ukuphinda njengoba abathole amaphuzu abanelisi yezihloko abaningi eyaziwa. Khona-ke waba nezimpikiswano izibalo kakhulu kuphela. Nokho, kancane kancane, kwadingeka ukomela ulwazi, wayehileleka cwaningo, ezingeni siya kangcono, ukuze uzothatha indondo yegolide waklonyeliswa kuye ngesikhathi kukhululwa.

uthisha abadelelayo

Akukhona nje sesayensi ezivelele, kodwa futhi abe umfundisi omuhle kwaba Dmitri Mendeleev. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila wayeyisazi bathi waba nethuba ukufundisa ezikoleni eziningana okusezingeni eliphezulu. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-30 ziye zanikeza wemithi ababesebenza esikhumulweni Imperial Petersburg University, okuyinto umshiya wenziwe ukungqubuzana edabukisayo.

Ubunjalo izinkanyiso isayensi kwakunzima ngokwanele, uma ukholelwa ukuthi Umlando ababephila ngesikhathi. Akumangalisi-ke kwadingeka bayeke eyunivesithi 1890. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa ngemuva kwengxabano abenayo sikaNgqongqoshe weMfundo ezaziwayo. UNgqongqoshe Delianov awavumelani ukuba banake sicelosikhalo abafundi ', yini Wayengakwazi ukubekezelela Mendeleev uyaziqhenya.

"Inventor" likagologo

Ososayensi abaningi kakhulu udumo ukutholakala babengakaze uzibophezele. Hhayi lakwazi ukugwema lokhu ukudalelwa futhi Mendeleev Dmitriy Ivanovich, amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila inikeziwe kulesi sihloko. Kube inganekwane okwandile ukuthi lokhu Usosayensi ovelele kuyinto umsunguli likagologo.

Eqinisweni, i-vodka sidalwe eside ngaphambi kokuba isazi sesayensi brilliant ethulwa mqondo yakhe zobudokotela, okuyinto kwaba osesikhundleni "Inkulumo ku uxhumano yamanzi kanye notshwala." Kuyaziwa ukuthi ayinazo izinkomba izinhlobo zophuzo oludakayo. Kuleli phephandaba sicabanga pahla ukuthi ingxube yamanzi kanye notshwala. Vodka njengoba labantu Russia wahlangana 1843, lapho "umsunguli" yayo nezinsolo wayengakabi eziyishumi ubudala. Ngenxa yalokho, akukho Mendeleev ke abuzange.

iphupho acabangwayo

Ingabe indoda abanamakhono ngiphuphe itafula ukuthi umenze edumile? amaphupho Lesiprofetho futhi angikaze ngimbone Mendeleev Dmitriy Ivanovich, amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila zazo oluqoqwe kulesi sihloko. Kuyaziwa-ke ukuthi usosayensi wacasuka lapho ezwa inganekwane ukuthi ishadi lesikhathi salezi izakhi Waphupha. Watshela inkantolo wathi wayedlula abasebenza nentuthuko yayo ngoba cishe engamashumi amabili, hhayi ngiphuphe, Ngakho-ke, amazwi anjengokuthi ukumehlisa umsebenzi wakhe.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi umthetho gqwa kwatholakala Dmitry ngo-February 1869. Kwathi lapho umthaki wemithi ovelele kwakwenzekani ngomsebenzi. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke, kwangikhanyela ukuthi phakathi izakhiwo wamakhemikhali nezibulala mass sekunokuxhumana. uhambo Lohleliwe uhlehlisiwe njengoba Mendeleev wahamba wayosebenza, nekhanda lakhe.

wokuzilibazisa engavamile

Yimaphi amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila Mendeleev? Kafushane, nebungako nelizinga lekubaluleka ngilandisa umdlalo emangalisayo, lapho iminyaka eminingi enikelwe isikhathi esiningi, wemithi ekhaliphile. Dmitry ugqozi, okuyinto namuhla kancane eyaziwa, kwaba womshini umthwalo. Ngokumangalisayo, eMoscow Petersburg, wakwazi nedumela njengesisebenzi evelele kunazo master amapotimende Affairs.

Yiqiniso, abathengisi ujabulile sengithole izikhwama usosayensi, uyaziqhenya ukuthi imikhiqizo nathengwa eduze inkanyiso yesayensi. Nokho, hhayi kuphela inkazimulo, okuyinto vele wajabulela Dmitry, ophoqelelwe ukuba babuyele kuye. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinto ngempela babengamadoda izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokungavamile futhi iqine. Amandla abo abatelekile ukuthi kuqinisekiswe nge glue ingxube ekhethekile, lapho wayeyisazi wayeka emva ucwaningo enye indalo glue iresiphi. Ngeshwa, iresiphi kusungulwe Mendeleev, futhi yahlala ingaziwa ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo, ngoba wayengafuni ukwenza kube umphakathi.

Siyazi futhi ukuthi usosayensi abanamakhono ubumnandi eyingoduso encwadini isibiyeli, futhi yakuthanda ukunamathisela uzimele, senzelwe ekumeni. Ukuzilibazisa eyamsiza ukuba uphumule futhi bathathe ikhefu emsebenzini.

Lo mklomelo, okwakuyinto

Ekuxakayo ukuthi Prize kaNobel uye wahluleka ukuba abe DI Mendeleev, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo zokuphila aqokomisa kithi. Kwatholakala ukuthi usokhemisi omkhulu, wayengomunye abaqokiwe ezintathu. Nokho, endaweni ivoti eliyimfihlo, okuyinto kwenziwa ngamalungu Imperial Academy of Sciences, candidacy yakhe njalo ocwilayo, usosayensi okhethwe ngokukhethekile nabantu bezinye izizwe.

Wokuphila ukuhlola umsebenzi we wemithi odumile, bathi lokhu ukungaboni ngaso linye okungase izingobe yezitha, kanye nokungakwazi sakhe sokujabulisa abaphathi bakhe ukuba babe negunya.

Flying ku ibhaluni

Yimaphi amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila umsebenzi uMendeleyev? Kuyaziwa-ke ukuthi usosayensi brilliant wasebenza phezu Umklamo izindiza iminyaka eminingi. ngaleyo ndlela Chemist babefisa uhlole umswakama, ingcindezi kanye lokushisa ngongqimba engenhla ozungeze umhlaba wethu. esemkhathini ibhaluni iphrojekthi, ogama ivolumu bezingaphansi 3.600 cubic metres, kwadalwa Dimitri ngo-1875. Uphinde nombhali umqondo ka ibhaluni elawulwa nge izinjini.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ososayensi ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela imiklamo kodwa futhi esijabulisayo ukundiza phezu Balloons, ngaphandle ucabanga ingozi empilweni yakhe. Ngokokuqala ngqá lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1878, kwaba khona-ke ukuthi Mendeleev wathatha emoyeni endaweni ibhaluni Anri Zhiffara. Ukundiza entsha, wenza yaba yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba kamuva emzini Klina. Nokho, ngokwedlulele kunazo adventure wemithi wanquma ngo-1887, lapho sisodwa akhwela kuya "Russian" hot air balloon emoyeni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukuphakama indiza ibhola kwaba amamitha lapho phezu izinkulungwane ezintathu.

Ngokuvamile, adventure esiyingozi wathatha ngamahola amathathu kwedlule, okuyinto kwakwanele ukuba Dmitry zibabaza ilanga lisitheka, futhi iqoshwe ingcindezi kanye lokushisa.

Usosayensi-spy ongenantuthu powder

Yini okunye okufanele ukwazi abafundi ezathatha biography of Mendeleev, amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila usokhemisi brilliant, ogama lakhe kuze kube phakade sihleli emlandweni wesayensi? Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi Dmitry sathola ithuba uzame ngendima zezimboni nihlole. Kwathi 1890 ngenkathi iziphathimandla waphendukela usosayensi ukuze uthole usizo. Uhulumeni waba nesithakazelo kule iresiphi ekudalweni oluthukuswe ngokucophelela ka ongenantuthu impuphu, abiza kakhulu ukuba sikuzuze.

Mendeleev waqala ukufeza umsebenzi wathola, okuyiwona wayedinga imibiko nojantshi amazwe (eFrance, eJalimane, Britain). wemithi Talented Kwakungenzima sicacise iresiphi of neziqhumane, wabe ke eRussia. Kakhulu ukuthi abantu bakwamanye amazwe uzifihle ngokucophelela Dmitry Imininingwane okutholakala kalula kusuka imibiko, olutholakalayo ngokukhululekile.

Iphayiphi for uzotshala uwoyela

Yiqiniso, uhlu ngenhla ikude wonke amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Mendeleev - umsunguli abanamakhono we ishadi lesikhathi. Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi lapho umthaki wemithi umsunguli inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela wezinto umsuka uwoyela. Dmitry yasungulwa isikimu ziphuzo zazihluzwa yayo wamaqhuzu. Usosayensi wokuqala ngubani wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba ashise amafutha amaziko.

Kuyinto ngomsebenzi Mendeleev abanikazi zikawoyela baye bafunda ukuthi ukuthuthwa amathangi uwoyela ngeke isetshenziswe esikhundleni izikhumba, njengoba kwakuyisiko. Lezi zinombolo esiphoqayo Dmitry kungenzeka ukufakazela okucacile inzuzo ngobuningi ezokuthutha amafutha. Futhi, kunconywa ukuthi ukwakha izitshalo ukuyicubungula khona, lapho ayizindawo ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli.

elementi Chemical ngegama lakhe

10 amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila uMendeleyev zingatholakala ngenhla. Nokho, uhlu ngeke ibe ephelele ngaphandle kokukhuluma mendelevium. elementi Chemical ethebuleni gqwa sise No. 101, wathola igama layo behlonipha kumdlali, ngubani kufanele iwine lolu dumo. Mendelevium ukuthi eyayenziwe wadala ngo-1955.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngisho ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yayo ngezikhathi Isayensi usunike sezitokisi ezingenalutho osekuphele kubo ngoba izinto sasingakafiki wathola ososayensi. Ngemva kwalokho, izakhiwo wamakhemikhali nezibulala ngokomzimba salezi zici babezimisele usebenzisa PERIODICITY etafuleni.

Yini enye okudingeka ukwazi

Ukuba nomqondo izenzakalo ezenzeka empilweni usosayensi othile, ungakwazi ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi hlobo luni lomuntu kwaba Dmitri Mendeleev. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo, kafushane echazwe esihlokweni, qiniseka ukukusiza uqonde lokhu. Ungengeza eminye nokuthi isithombe isazi sesayensi esidumile lalotshwa abaculi abaningi abanamakhono. Ngokwesibonelo, umfanekiso wakhe sihleli ngendwangu ubuhlakani IIya Repin.

Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi lo mdwebo uyakuthanda yena Mendeleev, kodwa ayethanda ukugxeka isithombe yomunye, kodwa ungabhali bebodwa. Futhi, amanye isikhathi khulula, usosayensi abanamakhono ozinikele izifundo umculo, ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wakhe bayahlonishwa of Beethoven, Nokho, ababe naye kanye nezinye bomculo ozithandayo.