Izimfihlakalo ezibiyele isiboshwa. Umlando, indawo, izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza

Ezibiyele emigodini, umcabango emangalisayo, hhayi kuphela kunomzimba waso, kodwa futhi ezihlukahlukene izimfihlo egcinwe ziye zaba igalelo izikhulu zokugcina we Rurik lwamakhosi: Ivan III, indodana yakhe, Vasily III, futhi ekugcineni, owokuqala Russian Tsar Ivan le Kubi. Baye bahlela futhi engcebweni yenkosi, futhi umagazini luthuli, emigodini udangele, akuyona kunabayeni ukuthi ezidalwe izinqaba of ephakathi eYurophu.

Mysteries kufihlwe emigodini

Eminyakeni emithathu eminyaka bekwenziwa imizamo eminingi ukungena emgodini imfihlakalo, lulele enhliziyweni kwesihloko. Isizathu ngokuvamile alenzanga nje njengoba ilukuluku, kodwa luyingxenye Mercantile isithakazelo. Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze lithi ezibiyele isiboshwa fihla emagumbini azo yokuquba bele egcwele igolide ephethwe nguMgcinimafa, noma kuyinto yokusungula siqu ababusi balo.

Kodwa hhayi kuphela "lucre amahlazo" njalo bakhangwa ucwaningo komhlaba wakhe labyrinths, kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi kuzo lifihliwe futhi iminyaka elinde zabanikazi obuyigugu kakhulu zomlando nangokomoya endulo - umtapo Ivana Groznogo. Iqukethe izinkulungwane eziningana imiqulu eyigugu futhi tomes yena kanye kwakungekaNkulunkulu bababusi eByzantium, kwathi ngekhulu XI, omkhulu Kiev isikhulu Yaroslav the Hlakaniphile. Kukholakala ukuthi u-Ivan Grozny ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe ngaphambilini ukufihla ngcebo ekujuleni emigodini.

Sexton-caver

I namuhla umzamo wokuqala okwaziwa ukuthi siphakamise isihenqo engaziwa wethulwa 1718 ponomarom Presnenskaya Church of Ioanna Predtechi Kononom Osipovym. Umfutho lokhu kwaba waqale isizwile indaba umabhalane breech oda Vasiliya Makareva ukuthi kokwenza umyalo uSophia, wehla phambi ezibiyele isiboshwa eduze Tainitski umbhoshongo wabona khona isikhala enkulu egcwele iziqu amnyama ngesikhathi. Mabhalane wayesefile kakade.

Ngo iningi Tainitski umbhoshongo Osipov wakwazi ukuthola umnyango igalari, kwakugcwele phansi. Move kwakungase kuphela ngaphambili ukumba pass. Kepha njengoba masinyane njengoba wanikezela ukusiza amasosha lwangena a amamitha ambalwa, njengoba iqoqo igalari imbongolo, basabisa nangokuthi iwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Engafuni engozini iyiphi zokuphila kwakhe noma ukuphila kwamasosha, sexton badela icebo lakhe.

imizamo okwalandela

Vuselela bomkhankaso ayenakho iminyaka eyisithupha, kodwa hhayi njengoba oyifunayo, futhi ngemiyalo yezikhulu uPetru I. Tsar, njengoba sazi, ayikuthandi ihlaya, futhi ngokwenqaba sexton ngeshwa ungase ulahlekelwe ukuphila kwakhe kokuya phansi ezibiyele isiboshwa. Lesi sikhathi wayengabhekiseli amasosha yabelwe ukusiza, futhi yicala izigebengu: afe ngaphansi kwale moto, futhi kuhle. Nokho, sicela uzame futhi emuva Tainitski umbhoshongo, wayesalokhu akazange alinge.

Ngalesi sikhathi, Osipov owaqala ngokuvukela Arsenal ekhoneni umbhoshongo, futhi ngokushesha wakwazi ukuthola lapho umnyango isiboshwa. Kodwa ukuthutha ku kwakungenakwenzeka ngenxa amanzi entwasahlobo, lapho athi yizikhukhula ngokuphelele. Kwadingeka ukuba ngibuyele ngilambatha futhi. Kugcine umzamo sexton ezithathwe emuva eminye iminyaka eyishumi. Wazama ukuphinda eyathathwa ngesikhathi yengcebo umabhalane Makarieva, kodwa lapha emigodini eMoscow ezibiyele babe ungenakunqotshwa.

Abacwaningi Prince Shcherbakov

Ezalandela eyodwa namashumi ayisithupha iminyaka owayekulelo qembu ayehamba nalo isiboshwa iye luyaphumelela. Kunoma ikuphi, akukho ukwaziswa okuphathelene nawo. Yatshela indaba ngenhla kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho izimfihlakalo zazifihlwa ngaphansi kwezindonga ezibiyele, waba nesithakazelo Prince UNikolai Shcherbakov - usosayensi, owakhonza ke isikhundla sokuba isikhulu izabelo ezikhethekile.

Ngesikhathi senqaba butholakala Nabatnaya yokungena uphawu kugalari okuholela angomakhelwane Constantino-Eleninskaya umbhoshongo. Ngimhlolile le wokwakha, isikhulu ubekade imihubhe esiyingelezini sezulu komhlaba sidlula ke, wathola egumbini, eyayinekheli inqwaba inganono amabhola. Ngemva kwalokho, arsenal imfihlo Duke wathola nakwenye ezisuka okufanayo tocsin umbhoshongo, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Izinto eziye zatholwa Prince

Isikhulu wazama ukuhlola kanye Corner Arsenal Tower, lapho wehluleka Sexton Osipov, kodwa njengoba nje Ngahlehla, hhayi sibambe ukuphathisa izimpilo zabo nemengamo agugile, ukulungele iwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Esikhathini esizayo, kakade ngaphansi Borovitskaya umbhoshongo wakwazi ukuphinde bambe up indlwana, ethile komhlaba okuholela endaweni ezibiyele Imperial, futhi eziningi izakhiwo wayenezinjongo izinqaba.

Nge akuphelele ngesikhathi yobuciko enezithombe ithumba konke isikhulu bafunda egumbini ngaphansi Kremlin. Izithombe egcinwe ke eqoqweni lakhe siqu kuze Revolution.

Yisimo nje isuke ibangelwa ukuphila

Ngemva amaBolshevik wafika amandla abanikazi abasha, okokuqala kunakho konke, anakekele leso nezitha ezingaba yingozi abakwazanga ukusebenzisa ezibiyele isiboshwa for izenzo zobuphekula. Ngenxa yale njongo, ngokuvumelana oda kwabo esibanjiwe ngokusobala kwababhubhisa bonke wenza Prince Shcherbakov izithombe kanye izinhlelo, futhi iningi amavesi komhlaba kanye amakamelo bricked up.

Nokho, ngo-1933, eduze Armoury konke kusenjalo zabhuntsha phansi iRed Army unogada iyunithi. Lokhu kwaba ubufakazi bokuthi komhlaba ngaphansi ezibiyele kudinga ukutadishwa, kodwa kungenjalo kungase kubabangele ingozi kokuwa.

By the way, leli cala lalingaphathelene ngowokuqala. Emuva ngo-1882, endaweni phakathi Tsar Cannon futhi odongeni Chudov sezindela phansi ngokuzumayo ziwile, ukwambulwa bonobumba Igumbi ngomshoshaphansi. Ngo-September 1933 kwanqunywa ukuba afeze umsebenzi ucwaningo kanye ezidingekayo izinyathelo. Ukuziqondisa waphathiswa ne umvubukuli owaziwa Ignatius Stelletsky.

Imiphumela yocwaningo

imigqa eziningana Izinsiza komhlaba ziye zatholakala futhi wafundelwa, enye yazo kwadingeka exit ngqo Alexander Garden. Nokho, wozawoza ukuze ososayensi emelelwa umnyango isiboshwa Arsenal ekhoneni umbhoshongo. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi ngokuhamba umsebenzi, ugcwalise isiphethu sakhe iye ebiyelwe ebanzi futhi ajulile, ifakwe Spillway. Kwakuthinta avimbekile yakhe futhi wabangela ukuba zichichima womthombo izikhukhula alandelayo yonke indawo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, umsebenzi alizange lilethwe ekupheleni, yakwazi ukuqeda kuphela ngo-1975. Pump amanzi futhi eqothula indlela phansi kahle, ososayensi baye bathola ababili basempini nangesigqoko isinqamu mail futhi cannonballs eziningana itshe. Zonke lezi uyathola ziye sangomhla kusukela ekhulwini XIV.

eze-ithuba

Kodwa hhayi kuphela isabelo ososayensi zabantu eziye zafunda ezibiyele isiboshwa, zaphuma okutholakele ahlukahlukene. Kwakukhona okutholakele ezingalindelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1930 ngesikhathi kumbiwa imisebenzi ku-Red Square, abasebenzi athole indima emayini amamitha angu amahlanu ukujula ukujula lapho wavula amathambo ezimbalwa, egqoke zempi. Kuyoba phakade kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo izizathu ezaholela lezi amasosha ukuqeda ukuphila kwabo ebumnyameni etilongweni.

Akwaziwa futhi icala lapho ufa encane esavela 1960 ku odongeni Mausoleum, wahola cwaningo inhlabathi elalakhiwe kuwo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi kwamamitha ayishumi nanhlanu ukujula kwatholakala Umhubhe komhlaba mkhulu kangaka, ukuthi kwakungase uthuthela kulesi omdala yobude obugcwele.

Ukufa kufihlwe emigodini

iminyaka abangaba yikhulu ngaphambili (ngo-1840), lapho kumbiwa umgodi isisekelo isisekelo Cathedral of the Annunciation Monastery abakhi ulindele isinqumo sokuthi ezithusayo kakhulu masinyane udonga zobumba uqulekile phambi kwabo futhi ngavula ndima komhlaba egcwele inqwaba isidumbu. Mayelana yini le nhlekelele abiza nokuphila kwalezi abantu, asisoze sazi.

Kodwa kukhona isiboshwa, phetho esabekayo eyaba yingxenye yomlando. Zabhala umbhoshongo ekhoneni Beklemishev esibheke kuya Vasilyevsky Slope, e-emathunjini yomhlaba emakamelweni sokuhlushwa, lapho okuye kwenziwa emakhulwini eminyaka wathola nokufel 'ukholo lawo onikezwe wawa ulaka kuKesari. Lapha, ngemiyalo yezikhulu Ivan III walahleka sibambe ulimi inkulumo Boyar IN Bersenev-Beklemishev lapha ngemva behlukunyezwa eside wafa Amanga Ivanom Groznym, Prince AF ukuvukela umbuso Khovanskiy.

Izinganekwane eHayidese

Ezibiyele isiboshwa, izithombe zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, ukubamba eziningi izindawo ezihambisana ngegazi nobuhlungu. Kuyamangaza-ke yini ukuthi zihlotshaniswa ezinganekwaneni Amazing iningi revenant, ezulazula imihubhe ngaphansi komhlaba futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyabethusa abebedlula.

Ngokuvamile okukhulunywa ngabo umoya Ivana Groznogo, zibancishe misdeeds yabo futhi ukuthula kwaphakade sibheke Ukuzula engapheli. Mayelana umhlangano naye igciniwe, wenza ngoMeyi 1896 uNicholas II yena, ku Moscow ezibiyele ngesikhathi wokugcotshwa. Yena nomkakhe Alexandra Feodorovna ngalezo zinsuku u elicwiliswe igazi isipoki kwenkosi umashiqela, okwakunginika isikhathi ukuze eminingi kamuva ukubona lokhu njengethuba sokuhle esizayo nciphisa trohsotletney lwamakhosi.

Umoya nomkhohlisi

Kodwa akuwona nje umoya kuphela yenkosi esabekayo kwephula ezibiyele ebusuku ukuphumula. Kwake kwathi ngo-May 1606, saxoshwa yisixuku esithukuthele, kwakungowesifazane udwenguliwe ngu nomkhohlisi, wehlela emlandweni njengoba Amanga Dmitry mina, isipoki yakhe yaqala ukubonakala ngezikhathi ezithile phakathi kwamazinyo aso; izindonga lasendulo. Kwenzeka inqaba, ngesikhathi sokugcina ukubonakala kwakhe livele Agasti ebusuku ngo-1991 ngaphambi nje kokuba ekuqaleni izenzakalo owaziwa.

Zonke, ebusuku nesithwathwa

Nezimfihlakalo kanye ezibiyele has isiboshwa eside ahlanganisiwe. Ubufakazi kwaba indaba baziwa kakhulu iminyaka engamashumi amane edlule. Ngobunye ubusuku ephakanyiswe alamu yabalindi owayeseyi- lisemsebenzini i esakhiweni esidala ngo Palace Umbhishobhi, lapho ezinsukwini ubudala wafakwa flat Commissar elidumile Wezangaphakathi NI Yezhov.

Ngafika ngemva kwemizuzwana iqembu wathola uzakwabo ehlezi phezu kwendawo egandaywe ngamatshe eduze kwendawo yokungena beshaqekile ezijulile. Izinwele zakhe kwaba grey ngokuphelele futhi ubuso kwayo okwase kushintshe ngayo kakhulu kangangokuba izici neze ukubonakala ajwayelekile.

Njengoba bevela kwelinye izwe

ezimbalwa kuphela izinsuku esigcemeni ka wezempi ezokuphepha esibhedlela unogada wakwazi ukunikeza ubufakazi kuqala. Njengoba kwaziwa kuye phakathi kobusuku, wezwa ngokucacile uzwe umsindo wezigi wehla izitebhisi. Ngemva kwalokho, phansi, kwakhala ukhiye endaweni evaliwe futhi alivala iminyango yangaphandle. Engangabazi ukuthi kukhona ezifana nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuya into evikelwe kubo, unogada sicindezelwe inkinobho alamu, futhi yena, sendleleni unbuttoning holster wakhe, wagijima wamlandela u-mthetho.

Yokweqa emgwaqeni, wabona Amagxathu ambalwa kude emuva sibalo ongaphakeme endaweni ijazi eside. Ngezinye zimemeza yakhe engaziwa yema waphenduka. Esikhathini unyezi, phambi kwakhe kumi izithombe ajwayelekile ubudala Commissar olunegazi we NKVD.

ifana okunjalo esimangalisayo Yezhov nezinzwa umusha futhi uyingqabavu ihora, mhlawumbe, iphuze. Kodwa lapho eqala, kancane Ukuqedwa emoyeni iwela emhlabathini, ukushaqeka sezinzwa wahlupheka Man. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu, ke summarily.

Uhambo ezweni okungaziwa

Izimfihlakalo eMoscow ezibiyele, isiboshwa, futhi kuyo yonke imigwaqo nxazonke bakhangwa ososayensi hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi labo yomlando wethu endleleni. Futhi kukhona abantu abaningi kuleli zwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nje abathanda injabulo kanye adrenaline ngokweqile egazini. umcabango wabo podhlostyvayut izindaba kufihlwe emgodini we ezibiyele, mayelana ngamandla angaphezu kwemvelo nezidalwa okulonda yengcebo. Ababona wesabe lutho ukukhathala, iyiphi imali.

Kubo kulezi zinsuku unikezwa ithuba uqobo vakashela ezibiyele isiboshwa. Uhambo lingabhukwa ngasiphi ejensi travel ukuthi ngokukhethekile kule ndawo. amaqembu Oku-ayihlomele uphokophelephi ngu yezilwane ezimba professional kanye spelestologami - ochwepheshe emkhakheni Tinsita komhlaba nasemigedeni yokufakelwa.

INjabulo ukwesaba nakho emigodini

Kumawebhusayithi okuqondene ejensi zingatholakala nge amarekhodi zalabo abaye wavakashela ezibiyele isiboshwa. Izibuyekezo ngokuvamile nomdlandla kakhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ejensi ngalinye ngendlela yabo uhlele hambo futhi yethule ezahlukene impahla, ngokuvamile, izivakashi wadala kwalibaleka, ke eside ezisele inkumbulo.

Into kuphela ukuthi abaningi ukulalelisisa - kudala ukukhathala umsebenzi ngokomzimba elihlobene ne wanqamula Maze ngomshoshaphansi. Kodwa injabulo etholakala ukuxhumana nezwe ongaqondakali, kuyazuzisa ngempela.