Autonomization - lena isihloko kudinga wokutadisha ngokujulile

Ngo-December 2017 ukugujwa kweminyaka engama-wama-95 wase-USSR - isimo, eyathatha cishe 69 iminyaka. Ezinsukwini eSoviet Union kwaqokonyiswa esenziwe ngazwilinye yokuzithandela kokujoyina republic anobuhlobo wase-USSR. Ngemva kokuwa le ngxenye embi yomlando wethu uvezwa ezincwadini ezahlukene. Abanye abacwaningi baye bame kwelokuthi esinye sezizathu esiyinhloko Ngokuwa Union ngo-1991, kuye kwaba ukuzimela. Lokhu akukhona nje okungenasisekelo ngokuphelele. Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani.

Ukwakheka republic azimele

Ngemva amaBolshevik athatha izintambo ngokushesha wenza izinqumo ezibalulekile eziningana, kuhlanganise Declaration enikeziwe izizwe Russia ilungelo yakha uthi ezimele. Leli lungelo kwakuqashelisiswa Finns, Latvians, nabasePoland, Ukraine, Estonia nakwezinye izizwe ayengama izikhonzi umbuso isiRashiya, kodwa manje ethola inkululeko yokuzimela.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1918 III iCongress of abaseSoviet umthetho isimiso sikahulumeni nge ukuzimela ezibanzi izizwe afuna ukuhlala ingxenye RSFSR. Le ndlela, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zibancishe ashisekela ubuzwe emaphethelweni umbuso wangaphambili sezizathu ezinkulu ukuze kuqhutshwe emzabalazweni, futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, aqeda omkhulu-mbono, okuyinto ayetshalwe Russia kuze Okthoba 1917.

Noma kunjalo, ngesikhathi kulwiwa, ezinye republic abasha Soviet ebuthweni lezempi, ezezimali, ukuxhumana kanye zokuhamba izinhlelo ukuvikela langempela, futhi nokuvulwa okwalandela komnotho. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-20-yalolucwaningo ikusasa umfelandawonye samasosha zomnotho zazenza mpikiswano enkulu. Ngokuvamile, kwakunamabandla amathathu ongakhetha ngokuhlanganisa: ukuhlanganyela, umfelandawonye, ukuzimela. Lena enye yezindlela okwakubonakala imisebenzi kahulumeni, bedinga isinqumo ngokushesha.

Federation of Lenin

Abaholi lwamanye republic aseSoviet ngubani wayefuna ukuba alondoloze ukuzimela, uphakamise kudalwa ukuhlanganyela, lapho kwakuzoba zikahulumeni enobunye. kodwa VI Lenin, umholi ababezijabulisa idumela elikhulu e uhulumeni wamaSoviet, wagxeka abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye Confederation, bekholelwa ukuthi isimo esinjalo kungaba ukuxhumana ayinamandla phakathi republic kazwelonke.

Kodwa Lenin akazange avumelane ukusikisela Stalin, owawuthi okuzimela - inyunyana of republic aseSoviet ngaphakathi Russian Federation njengenhlangano abahlanganyeli ezizimele (ezimele futhi alinganayo). Lenin kwaba umsekeli isakhiwo yaseSoviet Union sikahulumeni. Empeleni necebo igama isimo esizayo.

Federation, uLenin wacabanga ezweni lezizwe ezihlukahlukene kuyinto ifomu efanele kunayo yonke inhlangano. uhlelo ezinjalo zomphakathi nezombangazwe wayeyobanakekela ukulingana kwabo bonke republic, okubalwe kuwo nelungelo secede ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union. ICosatu akazange kufanele izindawo centralism ngokweqile futhi omkhulu-amandla chauvinism.

uhlelo kukaStalin ngoba autonomization

Ngo-1922, uStalin matasa kwensika RSFSR Yabantu Commissar ngoba izizwe. Wabuye ephethwe iqembu ikhomishana isimo olwakheka umthetho okusalungiswa wathola emlandweni igama "autonomization uhlelo."

Ngaphansi bill, republic ezintathu KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - Belarus, Ukraine kanye Transcaucasian Federation (Azerbaijan, Armenia futhi Georgia) - ababeyoba ezizimele ngaphakathi Russian Federation.

Eqinisweni, uStalin ezihlongozwayo ukudalwa inarha ebumbeneko nge single, ngiphakame amandla emizimbeni weRiphabhulikhi futhi isimiso somthetho. Ngamanye amazwi, ubuholi emaphakathi kwakudingeka ukwazi ukudlala indima ebalulekile zonke izici Union republic, empeleni bancishwa ubukhosi yangaphakathi.

Ukwakheka eU.SSR

Disemba 30, 1922 ukudluliselwa republic aseSoviet ngemvume isivumelwano nenyunyana simemezelo ekumemezeleni kumiswa i-USSR. Le mibhalo wabonisa ukuthi imibuzo kuphela namanye amazwe kanye nenqubomgomo, ukuzivikela, ukuxhumana kanye ezezimali uzobe kuphethwe ama-ejensi ombuso emaphakathi. Isixazululo amacala asele lahlala kwekhono iziphathimandla kazwelonke.

Ngakho, ngesisekelo ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo zaseSoviet Union bafakwa Leninist izimiso yobukhosi ukulingana, kodwa njengoba isikhathi kuboniswe, ngokomthetho kuphela. Eqinisweni, amalungelo Union republic kancane kancane iphele, futhi isimo luba ebumbeneko. Maduze ukuzimela uStalin zeSoviet Union, baqala ukuwenza asebenze.

Uyini umphumela?

Izizathu ezinye nemibango engokohlanga osekuthathe esavela ekuqa- le 80-90-yalolucwaningo e-USSR, futhi ngemva kokuwa ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, okutholakala nenkathi yamaSoviet.

Yiqiniso, lezi zinkinga akufanele kusolwe kuphela izimiso ka autonomization, ukubeka ubuholi beqembu e ngohlaka lwenqubomgomo yomphakathi-kazwelonke. Ngaphambi inguquko, kunjalo kule ndawo ngalutho. Nokho, ukwephula amalungelo inkosi republic wayengenakukwazi ukukunika ngaphandle kokushiya nokuncane.

Inkathi yomlando Soviet, lapho amalungiselelo ziyaqhubeka ukuze kwakhiwe i-USSR, kuncane wafunda, kanye ukuzimela kaStalin. Lokhu kuholela izilinganiso lingahambisani ubuhlobo zamanje zezombusazwe phakathi republic wangaphambili kanye kweSoviet futhi kunoma isiphi isimo ungakuvumeli ukuba isinqumo elinokuthula izingxabano ngamazwe ekhona.