Indlela okuqala ngayo ukuqala. Ukunqamuka kwesikhashana kwabesifazane: yobudala

Ngesikhathi esithile emzimbeni wesifazane kukhona izinguquko ezithile eziphazamisa isimo sakhe somzimba, sezenhlalo nesokwengqondo. Indima eyinhloko kule nqubo iwukukhathazeka kwe-endocrine, ngokuyinhloko ukukhiqizwa kwe-hormone ye-estrogen kunciphisa. Ziyini lezi zinguquko? Ngabe bangamthatha iminyaka engakanani owesifazane? Yilokho kanye okuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Ulwazi jikelele

Isikhathi esiphezulu siyisimo esivamile, okuyiwona wonke owesifazane okufanele abhekane nakho.

Ekuphileni kwabo bonke ubulili obuhle bufika esikhathini esinzima kakhulu, okuhambisana nezinguquko ze-hormone emzimbeni wonke. Lesi yisikhathi esikhethekile sokuphila, lapho, ngokumelene nesizinda sezinguquko ezihlobene neminyaka yobudala, izinqubo ze-involution zihamba ngokuqondile ohlelweni lokuzala ngokwayo. Bathi, njengombuso, kubonakala kuqala ngokuphela komsebenzi wokubeletha, bese kusebenza ngokuya esikhathini. Isikhathi esinjalo sokuphila emithini yezokwelapha sibizwa ngokuthi "umgogodla". Yini okufanele ngiyenze?

Izizathu eziyinhloko

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, imbangela yokuthuthukiswa kwalesi simo ikhona ekuguqulweni kwesizinda se-hormonal, noma ngaphezulu, kuncipha ekukhiqizeni ama-hormone ocansi. Uma kungumbuzo wesimiso sokuqala esikhathini sokuqala, ke lapha odokotela bahlukanisa izici eziningana ezibangela:

• Izimo zokuphila eziholele ekucindezelekeni okukhulu;
• Ukususwa kwama-ovari nesibindi;
• Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesifo se-thyroid;
• Ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone anganele ngokwanele ama-ovari;
• Ukutheleleka ngokocansi, okutholakala ngesikhathi sokuthomba.

Isikhathi sini sokuqala kokuya esikhathini sokuqala kwabesifazane? Ngeshwa, akunakwenzeka ukunikeza impendulo engaqondakali kulo mbuzo, ngoba wonke owesifazane, kuye ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo zihlelwe kanjani, uhlala eminyakeni ehlukile.

Ziyini izigaba zokuya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini?

Ochwepheshe bahlukanisa ngezigaba ezintathu. Uma owesifazane ngamunye enombono oseduze ngalesi sikhathi, kusukela endaweni yokubuka kwengqondo kuyoba lula ngaye ukudlulisela lesi sikhathi. Into ewukuthi uzoqonda ukuthi kwenzekani kuye okwamanje. Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu, esizoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.

1. I-premopause. Isikhathi sokuqala kokuya esikhathini sokuqala siqala nini? Lesi sigaba senziwa kubafazi cishe eminyakeni engama-40-45. Abanye odokotela bacabangela ukungena esikhathini sokuqala kokuqala kokuya esikhathini. Kubonakala ngokunciphisa okubukhali ekukhiqizeni i-hormone estrogen, eyazibonakalisa ngesimo somjikelezo ongavamile wokuya esikhathini kanye nokushintsha kwendlela yokukhishwa. Njengomthetho, abesifazane abakhononda nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngokomzimba noma kwengqondo.
2. Ukunqamuka kwesikhathi. Ezincwadini ezikhethekile, ungathola elinye igama lesi sigaba - "ukuyeka esikhathini samadoda kwabesifazane." Izimpawu, ubudala besifazane bangahluka kancane. Lesi sikhathi sibonakala ekupheleni kokuphela kokukhiqizwa kwe-estrogen, okuhambisana nokuphela kokuphela kokuya esikhathini.
3. I-Postmopause. Lesi sigaba senzeka cishe unyaka owodwa emva kokuya esikhathini ukuphela. Isikhathi saso, ngokusho kochwepheshe, sincike ekutheni umzimba kanye nesimiso se-endocrine singashesha kanjani ukuvumelanisa nesimo sabo esisha. Ukumama kwelanga emva kwesikhathi kukhohlisayo ngoba kungabhubhisa kakhulu impilo yowesifazane futhi kuqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziningi (i-osteoporosis, pathologies ye-thyroid, njll).

Kuqala nini ukuqhuma?

Uqala kanjani ukuqala? Okokuqala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lesi simo senzeka kwabanye besifazane ngaphambili, nakwabanye - kamuva, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ezineminyaka engaba ngu-45. Abanye besifazane bakholelwa ukuthi ukuqala kokuya esikhathini nokuhamba kwesikhathi okuhlobene nakho kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuqina komsebenzi wezocansi kanye nenani lokuzalwa. Bachaza lokhu ngokuthi ukubeletha ngokwezwi nezwi "kuphelelwa amandla" ama-ovari. Yingakho esimweni sezingane ezinkulu, i-climacterium ifika kakhulu futhi ihambisana nokuhlupheka okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, lesi sitatimende asilungile. Inani elikhulu lezingane kanye nokukwazi ukukhulelwa kubonakala kuphela umsebenzi omuhle wama-ovari kanye nempilo enhle kakhulu.

Ochwepheshe (ngokusekelwe kwedatha etholakalayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuningi) banethemba lokuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kotshwala nokubhema, kanye nobuhlobo bobulili obuphambene nokuziphatha okubi, ngokuvamile bavele bazibonakalise ngokwabo besifazane abesilisa. Iminyaka yabesifazane abangene kule nkathi yokuphila ivame ukuba ngaphansi kweminyaka engama-45.

Kuzokwelapha, kunemibono yokuhamba esikhathini sokuqala nokuphumula. Esikhathini sokuqala, ungalindela ukuphela komjikelezo wokuya esikhathini ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-40. Njengomthetho, izihlobo eziseduze zabesifazane abanjalo nazo zaqala ukuya esikhathini sokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abavela kulezi zinsuku baqala ukuhamba esikhathini esizayo (iminyaka engu-18-20).

Ngokuqondene nokuya esikhathini sokuphela (ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50), khona-ke asikho isizathu sokwesaba. Uma owesifazane engenayo izinkinga zempilo, khona-ke ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi bavakashele njalo i-gynecologist futhi baqaphe isimo sakhe.

Uqala kanjani ukuqala?

Odokotela bahlukanisa inani lezimpawu ezihambisana ngqo nalesi simo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abanye besifazane babonisa zonke izibonakaliso zomtholampilo, kanti abanye banengxenye ethile kuphela. Yeka ukuthi kunzima kangakanani ukuthola lesi simo, kuxhomeke ngokuqondile ezingeni lika-estrogen kanye nesilinganiso sokunciphisa. Uma ngaphambili ama-hormone indices ayengaphakeme kakhulu, futhi ancipha kancane kancane, cishe kungenzeka ukuthi lona wesifazane ngeke azizwe kabi. Uma kungenjalo, ngezinga eliphakeme lamahomoni, ukuyeka esikhathini sokudla ngeke kuphile kalula. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwesikhathi sokumisa? Izimpawu:

• Izibhamu ezifudumele - umuzwa wokushisa nokubomvu kwesikhumba entanyeni nasentanyeni, okufanayo kanye nokuphefumula. Lesi simo singagcina imizuzu emihlanu.
• Izinsizwa.
• Ukungalali. Eqinisweni, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokwemvelo kakhulu. Ukulahlekelwa ubuthongo kungabangela ukwesaba, ukukhathala, hhayi kuphela ngokomzimba, kodwa nasezingeni lokucabanga.
• Umbuso ocindezelayo ubonakala futhi unomphela. Ubudala kuleli cala budlala kude nendima yokugcina. Insikazi encane, lapho kukhulunywa khona lesi sibonakaliso. Izinyembezi ngaphandle kwesizathu, isimo sengqondo esibi, umuzwa wokuphelelwa ithemba ongaphelele yizo zonke izimpawu ezibonakalayo zokucindezeleka.
• Shintsha emzimbeni wesimiso. Abanye besifazane bahlushwa ukuphazanyiswa kwe-carbohydrates, okuholela ekuguqulweni kwamazinga kashukela egazi ngisho nokubonakala kwawo emcinini.
• Izinkinga ngegazi legazi. Lezi yizikhukhula ezishisayo, ukuphazamiseka emilenzeni, ukuzwa ukucindezela njalo esifubeni.
• Izikhathi ezingavamile.
• Ukunciphisa ukushada ngocansi, ukuma emgodini, ukugcwala. Isifuba silahlekelwa ukuqina kwayo. Isisindo somzimba sanda, njengoba isenzo segciwane lengculazi sinciphisa.

Ngenhla sibhale kuphela ezinye zezimpawu ezibonisa ngokugcwele indlela ukuqala komzimba okuqala ngayo. Eqinisweni, zingahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi izici zomzimba wesifazane ziyini.

Iziphi izinkinga ezingabhekana nazo?

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, abesifazane abangaba ngu-55% (iminyaka engu-45-50) ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini sokungabikho kokuphathwa kokwelashwa kubhekene nesifo senhliziyo. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo (iminyaka engu-55-70), kuvame ukuphazanyiswa komsebenzi we-urinary tract (kusukela ekungeneni kuya ezinkambisweni zokuvuvukala zendalo engapheli).

Abameleli abaningi bezocansi ezihlelekile bane-osteoporosis, ehlanganisa ukuqubuka kwamathambo amakhulu. Ngokusho kwedatha etholakalayo, eneminyaka engu-70 ubudala, abesifazane abangaba ngu-40% babhekana nezinhlekelele ezinjalo.

Inkinga enkulu ukuthi owesifazane udinga ukucela usizo oluvela ochwepheshe abahluke ngokuphelele (isazi sokubeletha, udokotela ohlinzayo, isazi, njll). Omunye kufanele acabange ukuthi udokotela ngamunye uthola imithi e-2-3 enqunyiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, izimpawu ezithile kuphela ziyaphathwa, hhayi inkinga enkulu ebizwa ngokuthi "ukuyeka esikhathini." Yini okufanele uyenze kulokhu? Ungakwazi yini ukunciphisa izinzwa ezingathandeki?

Yini okufanele kube ukwelashwa?

Okokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, odokotela batusa kakhulu ukuthi ulahle imikhuba emibi, engeza ezemidlalo futhi uzame ukuphumula kaningi. Kungcono ukuyeka ukukhathazeka ukulahlekelwa isisindo. Into yukuthi abesifazane abaningi njengeziqalo zokuqala, ngakho-ke kunesisindo esiningi. I-fat subcutaneous, njengoba eyaziwa, idlala indima ebalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwamakhemikhali e-hormonal.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-yoga, i-sauna ne-massage yizona zindlela eziyinhloko ezingezona izidakamizwa zokulwa nokungakhululeki. Kunconywa ukunciphisa ubuhlungu nokucindezeleka.

Ungayithola kanjani enye inqobe yokunqamuka kwesikhashana?

Ukubuyekezwa odokotela ngokuphathwa kwalesi simo somzimba yizinto ezihlukahlukene kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, abanye bayaqiniseka ukuthi lesi sikhathi kufanele sithole nje.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izidakamizwa azikwazi ukuhanjiswa nazo. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane banqunywa izidakamizwa ze-hormonal. Kodwa-ke, ziphikisana ngokweqile emithanjeni ye-varicose, izicubu, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Yonke le migomo yenza abesifazane abaningi benqaba ukuthatha imithi.

Ngokuqapha okukhulu kumele kuthathwe izidakamizwa ezinamandla futhi ezidambisayo, njengesikhathi sokunqamuka kwesikhashana ngokuvamile kunomfutho wegazi owedlula.

Ezingxenyeni zomjikelezo wokuya esikhathini, ama-gestagens alawulwa yi-course.

Ngabe kufanele ngesabe ukuya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini?

Eqinisweni, yiphathe lesi simo njengoba sekupheleni kokuphila, akufanelekile. Ngenxa yokuphumelela kwemithi yesimanje, namuhla kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubunzima kanye nezimpawu eziyinhloko eziphakama phakathi nalesi sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abaningi phakathi kokuzalwa komntwana wokugcina kanye nokuqala kwalesi sikhathi "esisha" sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-20. Lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe akukho zinguquko eziphawulekayo empilweni, isibonelo, emphakathini, ungahambisani nama-climaxes kubesifazane. Izimpawu, iminyaka, ukuntuleka kwengqondo - abesifazane abaningi babhekana nalokhu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuzilungisa kahle - bese konke ukungakhululeki kuzodlula kungabonakali.