Hormone Contrainsular: mshini wezenzo, izinhlobo

Tadisha isiqondiso kwama-hormone ngesikhathi umzimba waziphatha isayensi - Endocrinology. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu mshini wezenzo compounds begazi itholakala emkhakheni wezokwelapha ezifana oyisazi samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Zombili lezi sciences kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba hormone babe emathonyeni amaningi ehlukene, ezidingekile ukusebenza evamile. Kuyinto lezi izinto banesibopho zonke izinhlobo umzimba emzimbeni (ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, fat). Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona ukusatshalaliswa izakhi namandla adingekayo ukuze isekele ukuphila. Omunye hormone ebaluleke kakhulu nge-insulini. Njengoba wazi, uma ukwehluleka kungukuphula carbohydrate umzimba kanye nokuthuthukiswa isifo sikashukela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho esingabalulekile kangako, u are hormone contrainsular. Babuye edingekayo ukuqinisekisa exchange of izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye lezi zakhi yemvelo yenza umsebenzi wayo.

hormone Contrainsular - kuyini?

Njengoba yaziwa, insulin-hormone okuthiwa i kudingeka ukulawula namazinga kashukela egazini. Uma ikhishwe okuncane, noma cha ziqondakala receptor ke umuntu eba nesifo sikashukela. Kufanele bazi ukuthi kuyingozi hhayi kuphela ukubuyela, kodwa ngokweqile yalolu ketshezi begazi. Ukuze okunqanda ke emzimbeni, khona contrainsular amahomoni, hhayi oyedwa, eziningana. zonke zibe nemiphumela ehlukene kwi umzimba carbohydrate. Noma kunjalo, ngamunye wabo kuholela ukwehla insulini lokuhlushwa igazi. Ngayinye yalezi hormone olukhiqizwa umzimba "yabo". Ukuze ejenti izindawo yemvelo imikhiqizo idatha zihlanganisa kwamanyikwe futhi yegilo indlala, izindlala adrenal, ubuchopho kanye testes.

phetho

Kontrinsulyarnyh-hormone okuthiwa i - ikhemikhali kudingekile ukunikeza umzimba carbohydrate emzimbeni. isenzo sayo kuhloswe nokugcina amazinga evamile glucose. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hormone ngamunye kontrinsulyarnyh unesibopho lwenza umsebenzi walo ohlukile, ongakaphathelani umzimba. Jwayelekile igazi glucose ezingeni zokhahlamba kusuka 3.3 kuya 5.5 mmol. Uma insulini wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa ukuthi lokuhlushwa ushukela alandanga, abamelene kwakhona kuyadingeka ukuze balondoloze umkhawulo engezansi le nkomba. Nge ukwehla kwamazinga igazi glucose kwenzeka eyingozi isimo umzimba - kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela. It libhekene ukulahlekelwa amandla, encishisiwe blood pressure, tachycardia futhi liqhaqhazela. Uma umuntu akanayo isikhathi ukusiza, kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela kungaholela equlekile. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kudingeka hormone, isenzo zokulungisa we-insulin. Lezi izinto emzimbeni ngandlela-thile.

zinhlobo

hormone Contrainsular kukhona kwezinto eziphilayo ezikhishwe ahlukahlukene nezindlala endocrine. Ngaphezu imisebenzi yaso ngayinye lezi zakhi uyakwazi alawule umzimba carbohydrate. Nokho, ukuze ulondoloze amazinga igazi glucose bayizakhamuzi ezivamile, kudingekile nokuqhutshwa zonke lezi izinto. Egcekeni lomzimba isitha insulin, zihlukaniswe amaqembu ezilandelayo:

1. Ama-hormone egilo. Lezi zihlanganisa thyroxine.
2. Izinto ezikhishwe izingqimba cortical futhi medullary we nezindlala adrenal. Abamele leli qembu - cortisol kanye adrenaline.
3. STH. Ivelele e indlala pituitary.
4. i-hormone Contrainsular ethakwa ngu amanyikwe endocrine. Le ngxube ongizalayo glucagon.
5. Testosterone. It ikhiqizwa cortex adrenal, futhi gonads wesilisa - testes.

Ngayinye yalezi hormone ethakwa "siqu" endocrine indlala. Noma kunjalo, kulawulwa uhlelo hypothalamic-pituitary elise ubuchopho.

hormone Contrainsular: mshini wezenzo emzimbeni

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wonke abamelene insulin ezithinta umzimba carbohydrate, mshini wezenzo uhlukile kubo. I ngokushesha amazinga igazi glucose has glucagon. Lokhu i-hormone kuveza kwamanyikwe njalo. Nokho, uma emakamu kwegazi glucose incipha, uketshezi we ketshezi buyathuthuka. indlela yayo yesenzo liqukethe yokuthi ithinta amaseli isibindi. Ngenxa yalesi ingxenye isitokwe reserve glucose ikhishwe bese engena egazini. A indlela efanayo yesenzo nasemkhakheni ukwakhiwa kwezinye hormone contrainsular - adrenaline. Cortex adrenal labelwe glucocorticoids. Nokushoda ushukela egazini, la ma-hormone ikhuthaza zamagama alo emangqamuzaneni, okungukuthi, kuholela ekwakhekeni glucose kusukela ama-amino acid. Ama-hormone egilo ukwandisa umphumela adrenaline. Somatotropin has umphumela kontrinsulyarnyh kuphela izinto eziningi ezinkulu, ngokuvamile ebuntwaneni (ngesikhathi ukukhula).

Ukuxhumana hormone pancreatic

Kwamanyikwe kuyinto umzimba omkhulu ohlelweni endocrine ezithinta umzimba carbohydrate. Yena wenza kokubili endocrine kanye umsebenzi secretory. Anatomically, le endocrine ingxenye kwamanyikwe iyona umsila. Kuyo kukhona izinhlangano ezifana zesiqhingi ka-Langerhans. Amaseli we kulezi zifunda yokwakheka banesibopho uketshezi of izinhlobo eziningana hormone. Ingxenye yalesi siqhingi bukhipha insulini. Okunye cell akhiqiza i-hormone "glucagon". Ukwakheka kanye ikhiphela igazi into inomthelela ezingeni glucose. Iningi emakamu ushukela uphawu ukukhiqizwa insulini. Ngokuvamile, le hormone igcina igazi glucose ezingeni lelifanele, ekuvimbeleni ke ngenxa yokwenyuka. Kuyinto omelene insulin, glucagon, okuyinto, kunalokho, unesibopho ukukhululwa ushukela egazini. umsebenzi esihlelwe le-hormone amanyikwe kuqinisekisa evamile carbohydrate umzimba emzimbeni. Uma umsebenzi walo secretory kahle nganoma yisiphi isizathu, basisize nezinye izinhlaka ohlelweni endocrine.

ukukhiqizwa Kontrinsulyarnyh hormone by the nezindlala adrenal

insulini abamelene ngenkuthalo akhiqizwa nezindlala adrenal. Lezi zitho babe izingqimba ezimbili. In ngamunye la ma-hormone akhiwa. Cortex adrenal umphumela contrainsular babe androgens futhi glucocorticoids. Usizo lokuqala ukwandisa ezingeni ushukela ngezindlela ezimbili. Isithunywa leli qembu - hormone i-cortisol. It kwandisa enzyme ezidingekayo ukuguqula amino acid ukuze glucose. A nomphumela obengeziwe cortisol yikhono layo okukhipha "zokwakha" ngokuba ushukela kusukela izicubu kwemisipha. Ngakho, i-hormone asebenzayo ngesivinini inqubo glyukoneonegeza. Ngaphezu cortisol e cortex ekhiqizwa androgens. La ma-hormone kukhona izinto steroid. umsebenzi ngokuyinhloko kumiswa izici ngokobulili yesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nomthelela umzimba amaprotheni kanye carbohydrate. I medulla adrenal is kuhlelwe umqondo hormone contrainsular - adrenaline. Uma kukhishwa emakamu kwegazi glucose luyanda.

Crank: nomthelela umzimba carbohydrate

I-adrenaline-hormone okuthiwa i yaziwa hhayi kuphela odokotela. Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi ketshezi ikhishwe lingene egazini phakathi kwengcindezi enkulu noma ukwethuka. Ngempela, i-adrenalin ivame ukuhlotshaniswa yokwesaba. Impendulo ejwayelekile kule ukukhululwa hormone locomotor umsebenzi, kwenhliziyo, Ukuvuleka komlomo abafundi. Futhi yalolu ketshezi ukuthi kwemiqondo endaweni yokucwaninga bese lisetshenziswa ekwelapheni. Ngaphezu ukusebenza kwawo umsebenzi inhliziyo, i-adrenalin umphumela ku umzimba carbohydrate, okusho has umphumela kontrinsulyarnyh. mshini wezenzo ngezindlela ezilandelayo zayo:

1. Uyanikela ukusheshisa gluconeogenesis.
2. Kuthinta ukubhidlika glycogen ezicutshini lwamathambo. Lesi senzo adrenaline iyi evelele.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokuya ngokomzwelo-hormone okuthiwa i ukuthula akusho ukwandisa igazi glucose lokuhlala. Njengoba kwekhabhoni yayo ungazange anda Hyperglycemia. Kulesi uhluka lo mshini wezenzo ka glucagon. I-signal ukuphuma adrenaline iyi injabulo ngokomzwelo, ukucindezeleka.

Testosterone: Imisebenzi emzimbeni

Testosterone - the kontrinsulyarnyh-hormone okuthiwa i kuveza gonads besilisa. Futhi, inani elincane steroid begazi kuhlelwe cortex adrenal. okwandisa yemisipha, ithambo ukukhula, ukusebenza spermatozoa futhi erythropoiesis: Imiphumela abalandelayo imisebenzi esemqoka kwe-testosterone. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hormone kwandisa izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni, kuhlanganise ama-carbohydrate. Ngokwezibalo, ososayensi encishisiwe, amadoda anomthwalo eziningi testosterone egazini, mancane othambekele isifo sikashukela nokukhuluphala ngokweqile.

Yikuphi hormone contrainsular bunamandla?

Nakanjani Awukwazi ukuphendula umbuzo, uyini-hormone anamandla kakhulu contrainsular. Konke lokhu kwezinto eziphilayo kuthinte kwamazinga igazi glucose ukwandisa umzimba carbohydrate. Isenzo ngasinye salezi hormone kuyinto nomphumela ohlukile we-insulin. Noma kunjalo, lapho ketshezi kuyinto isitha ngokwezinga elikhulu incike lokuhlushwa ekhuthaza ngokukhethekile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-hormone okuthiwa i-ezinamandla kakhulu glucagon kungenziwa ngokuthi. Nge yegilo okwandisa yalolu ketshezi kuba thyroxine, ngemihlume adrenal - cortisol noma adrenaline.