STH: bemvelo zamakhemikhali, imiphumela begazi zokugula

Kuthiwa ama-hormone - izinto bioactive ukuthi kuhlelwe umqondo futhi ethakwa ngu endocrine nezindlala ngqo igazi, cerebrospinal fluid noma i-lymph. Kuthiwa ama-hormone abonise bioactivity okusezingeni eliphezulu ngemithamo miniscule ka 10-3 ngisho 10-6 mg. Bona abonise isenzo yesikhathi esifushane neyezinto ngokushesha ubhujiswe.

Izakhiwo hormone.

Sekuyisikhathi eside iningi hormone ziqala ukwakheka kwama-molecule. Abaningi babo zisemaphepheni ifomu okumsulwa (folliculin, insulin); abanye babo kwemiqondo (insulin, i-adrenalin, cortisone). Imisebenzi nezindlala endocrine ilawulwa isimiso sezinzwa. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, indlala idatha kuthinte isimiso sezinzwa. Kuthiwa ama-hormone ezithinta umzimba amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, acid nucleic, lipids namaminerali.

STH (ozokusebenzisa, ozokusebenzisa, ozokusebenzisa) ahlukanisa kusukela pituitary anterior okukhishwe Evans Long ngo-1921. Pituitary indlala - ingenye ezibaluleke kakhulu endocrine nezindlala. Bekanye hypothalamus morphophysiological yakha uhlelo olulodwa, elawula umzimba izinkomba ezahlukene. I hormone, nemvelo-protein ne isakhiwo oligomeric. Isisindo yamangqamuzana 23000-46000 Da. ozokusebenzisa polypeptide yakhiwa izixhumanisi ezimbili aqukethe 191 acid acid izinsalela.

Isici nobuntu hormone ukukhula ukuthi libonisa ngokucacile zilwane. Kumele ukuthi iyona kuphela eziphila abakhuthele ozokusebenzisa wezinkawu ukuba abantu.

Lapho Hypo-uketshezi ama-hormone okukhula iziyaluyalu kwenzeke ezinye izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni, okungukuthi izinqubo Anabolic nezinqubo ukukhula. Lapho ngokweqile i-hormone ukukhululwa (hyperfunction wendlala) esemncane, ngaphambi ukuqala ukuthomba futhi kufika kwaqedwa izinqubo of amathambo ekwakhekeni, lapho kwandiswa ukukhula komzimba womuntu, okuholela gigantism. abantu Ukukhula kungase kube kusuka 2 kuya 2,7 ububanzi. ngokweqile ozokusebenzisa lapho usukhulile kuholela ukuthuthukiswa acromegaly. Lesi sifo kwenzeka nge pituitary adenomas futhi Hyperplasia. Izimpawu zalesi sifo singumbulali ukukhula ongalingani ngabanye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, ukukhula ngokweqile kwamalungu omzimba, ngisho ikhanda futhi izicubu zomzimba ezithambile overgrowth - ekhaleni, izindebe, ulimi, kwesilevu. Ukwenyuka izibilini, kulotshwe hypertrophy ka endocrine nezindlala ezithile.

Nge zamagama enganele ozokusebenzisa (hyposecretion) esemncane kukhona ukubhasha komzimba (ukubhasha komzimba). Akukhona konke ukukhula ezingaphezu kuka 90-120 cm, akukho izici ngokobulili yesibili. dwarfs pituitary okulula wakhona Ukuklanywa komzimba, ikhanda inkudlwana. Njengoba musa ihluke ukuthuthukiswa kahle engqondweni zabantu.

STH kuthinta Anabolic izinqubo: oyenza isebenze biosynthesis amaprotheni, amino nucleic, ikhuphula izinga igazi glucose (umphumela sikashukela) ukugqugquzela reticulocytosis, hondro- futhi osteogenesis.

Umzimba womuntu synthesizes izinto eziningi bioactive, okuyinto zisinika umuzwa emnandi (euphoria, ajabule, injabulo). Ngo-biochemistry, lezi izinto abizwa ngokuthi neurotransmitters, banesibopho ukudluliselwa nerve amaza. Kukholakala ukuthi le-serotonin, endorphins futhi Dopamine - a hormone ubumnandi. Serotonin - hormone ajabule. Lapho injected igazi, it kwandisa motor umsebenzi, ngcono isimo. Nokuntuleka serotonin kungaholela ekucindezelekeni. Endorphins kuthiwa kwemiqondo emzimbeni ezimweni ezicindezelayo, ekunciphiseni izinhlungu. Ngu sesibopho ukuthobisa opiate receptor, bona zivimbela ubuhlungu, senze kwesasa. Dopamine uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-hormone injabulo. Kukhula lokuhlushwa kwakwakhe wathi egazini, lokujabulela licace.