I webhaktheriya cell

Ama-bacterium ( 'namathela' kusukela esiGrekini) ukumela umbuso (iqembu) enucleated (prokaryotic), ezincane, unicellular ngokuvamile. Namuhla yaziwa futhi kuchazwe oda amashumi izinkulungwane zezinto eziphilayo. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kukhona ngaphezulu kwesigidi.

amaseli Amagcikwane kungenzeka isiyingi, coiled, induku emise. Ezimweni ezingavamile cubic, tetrahedral, stellate, futhi O- noma ifomu ezimise-C. Ukubukeka inquma ikhono possessed iseli virus. Ngokwesibonelo, kuye ngokuthi ukuma, izilokazane ezincane ifa ngezinga elithile ukuhamba, ikhono unamathisele kuya ebusweni, ukumuncwa kwezakhi noma ezinye compounds ngendlela.

iseli Amagcikwane kuhlanganisa ezintathu isakhiwo saziso: ulwelwesi cytoplasmic, ribosomes futhi nucleoid.

Kusukela ulwelwesi, kuse ecaleni ongaphandle siyisifiso ezelekene. Ikakhulukazi, kukhona okusaluketshezi Case, capsule, cell udonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle athuthukile ezahlukene izakhiwo ngaphezulu: villi, flagella. I cytoplasm kanye ulwelwesi ehlangana welithi "protoplast".

Iseli webhaktheriya nge konke okuqukethwe kwayo ukhawulelwe imvelo bangaphandle esebenzisa ulwelwesi. Ngaphakathi, ingxenyenamba eyohlobo ka cytoplasm elitholakala amaprotheni encibilikayo RNA substrates exchange ukusabela, compounds ahlukahlukene. Zonke ezinye equkethe izakhi ezihlukahlukene zesakhiwo.

Iseli webhaktheriya aluqukethanga ulwelwesi enuzi kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye ulwelwesi intracytoplasmic, ezingalotshwanga ethathwe ulwelwesi cytoplasmic. Nokho, kwabanye prokaryotes ejwayelekile zendawo "iqhubu" emgodleni main. Lezi "iqhubu" - mesosoma - imisebenzi ehlukene zihlukanise iseli webhaktheriya waba izingxenye ezisebenza ezahlukene.

Yonke idatha ezidingekile ekuphileni, eziqukethwe DNA efanayo. Chromosome, okuyindawo ehlanganisa yeseli webhaktheriya, ngokuvamile ine uhlobo izindandatho, covalently-ivaliwe. Ngesinye isikhathi i-DNA enamathiselwe ulwelwesi wabekwa into yasendulo engavamile, kodwa hhayi ehlukanisiwe nesakhiwo cytoplasm. Lesi sakhiwo sibizwa ngokuthi "nucleoid". Ngesimo enwetshiwe chromosome webhaktheriya has a obuphelele okukhulu ngaphandle milimitha. Ivame amelwe ikhophi eyodwa. Ngamanye amazwi, cishe yonke prokaryotes kukhona haploid. Nokho, ezimweni ezithize, iseli webhaktheriya ingaqukatha amakhophi wama-chromosomes abo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu emphilweni igciwane has udonga cell. Njengoba sihambisana nale isici kwesakhiwo asebenzayo ayidingekile. ezinye izinhlobo prokaryotes kuye kwakhishwa endaweni yokucwaninga lapho kunodonga ngokuphelele noma ingxenye lingekho. Lezi amabhaktheriya bangaba khona ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, kodwa kwezinye izimo, walahlekelwa ikhono lazo ukwehlukana. Emvelweni, kukhona iqembu prokaryotes, okuyinto zingenalo, e nodonga lwawo isakhiwo.

Capsule - phezu elingaphandle ungqimba amorphous kungenzeka ngokufanele obondeni. izingqimba lwamafinyila abahlukene ukuba lesi silwanyana Kulula ngokwanele azihlangene iseli. Cases futhi babe isakhiwo esihle, awayona amorphous.

Lokusakaza amagciwane Kwenziwa ngohlobo oluthile equivalent, ukuqoqwa kanambambili noma luthela kwesiphambano. amaqembu ahlukene kukhona izinguqulo ezahlukahlukene division. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, cyanobacteria ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwenzeka ngendlela amaningi - ngamabandla eziningana ezalandela ziqhubeka kanambambili. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka ezine ezinkulungwaneni nezilwanyana ezincane ezintsha. Sinenkosi izindlela ezikhethekile by eyayiqinisekisa genotype plasticity okudingekayo ukuzivumelanisa kwesimo zangaphandle kanye kwemvelo.