Anatomy of the joint hip: isakhiwo, imisipha, nemisipha,

Umama Wethu Nature - kuyinto unjiniyela amakhono eliyingqayizivele. Kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu akukho engadingekile - kabi noma isiphi isitho noma ingxenye yomzimba yizici ezibalulekile wonke umzimba. Ngaphandle kwawo sasingeke sikwazi ngokugcwele ezikhona emhlabeni. Noma yiluphi uhlelo ufanelwe ukunakwa abaholayo ebandleni, kuhlanganise zemisipha. Kuyinto uhlobo skeleton lapho ubambe cishe zonke izinhlaka, ngokuqondene lapho hip anatomy ngokuhlanganyela kufanele yaziwe sonke.

Kuyini hip?

Movement - lokho ekuphileni, futhi neze ubani uya nalesi simangalo. Kunalokho, wonke umuntu bangavumelana naye. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona hip eyenziwa uxhumano yomzimba engenhla ukuze izitho aphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo joint libhekene ukuhamba okusezingeni eliphezulu cishe noma isiphi isiqondiso. Siyabonga kuye, sesisithathile isinyathelo, sithatha a awulutho, futhi singenza nezinye izinhlangano zenkululeko.

Joint hip ingxenye esiqine kunazo nohlaka lwamathambo, njengoba kuthatha umthwalo omkhulu, lapho senza run, umane enze ozihambela noma uthathe isikhathi emsebenzini. Futhi ngakho konke ukuphila kwabo. Omunye kungaba ukuqagela ukuthi uma kwenzeka isitoko kweqa zokugula kungaholela nemiphumela ehlukene: kusukela elula kuya olusindayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu uyoba eside uyajabula ukuba ilale embhedeni isikhathi eside.

Isakhiwo ngokuhlanganyela

Anatomy of the joint hip Kumiswa ngumuntu elibona nxazonke kwezitho zangasese kanye kunawo wonke, futhi kubonakala sengathi isimo isitsha. Okuningi ngokunembile, kuba kwakwakhe we acetabulum we nethambo lenqulu, kusukela ekhanda femoral usebenzisa nemisipha futhi uqwanga, okuyinto kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhanda femoral egxilile lokhu ukucindezeleka ngesibalo esingaphezu kwengxenye.

Samu umgodi futhi ihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yeminyaka uqwanga ngokuhlanganyela hyaline. Futhi lezo zindawo lapho imisipha elihlobene ne-joint, embozwe izicubu fibre ezisekelwe okuxekethile. Ngaphakathi ingaphakathi okhalo elikhona ezicutshini sizungezwe uketshezi lwamalunga.

Lokhu skeleton bony has a isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele. Ngoba, kokuba ikhono lokubekezelela osindayo, it has amandla okuhle. Noma kunjalo, kufanele ezinye izindawo obuthaka. Kusukela phakathi le acetabulum uphahlwe ezicutshini, lapho kudlule imithambo yegazi kanye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa.

Ukusebenza kanye motor umsebenzi

Anatomy of the joint hip inikeza main motor umsebenzi ndoda - ukuhamba, ukugijima nokunye. Ukuhamba ngenkululeko siyenzeka kunoma iyiphi indiza noma isiqondiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithambo Uhlaka ophethe wonke umzimba kule sikhundla kwesokudla ukwakha ukuma lesifanele.

Joint ivumela flexion nokwelulwa yomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe akukho ukugoba akugcini ngaphandle imisipha besisu, kanye engela lingafika ku 122 degrees. Kodwa singakwenzza qondisani engela degrees 13. Kulokhu, lo umsipha iliac-femoral esisuka, iqala ukubambezela traffic. Esikhathini esizayo, Goal kakade iqhaza okhalweni.

Joint futhi inikeza ethangeni yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi ngenxa ukunyakaza Ukujikeleza mayelana eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu. Ngokuvamile, i-engeli Ukujikeleza kuyinto 40-50 degrees.

Ngenxa isakhiwo eyindilinga (anatomy hip ihlukile lesi sici nobuntu), kungenzeka ukwenza ukhalo ukujikisa isihlobo emikhawulweni aphansi. I amplitude elikhulu kwanqunywa kusukela Ubukhulu wamaphiko we ilium, le trochanter mkhulu futhi engela izimbazo ezimbili (mpo futhi longitudinal) senyonga. Konke kuncike femoral entanyeni engela ukuthi kuyehluka njengoba ovuthiwe womuntu. Ngakho-ke, lolu shintsho kuthinta Gait zabantu.

Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuhlonza izici eziyinhloko hip:

• ukusekelwa esiyinhloko ukhalo;
• ukuqinisekisa uxhumano lamathambo;
• kungenzeka flexion nokwandiswa nasemilenzeni;
• ukuthunjwa, adduction izinyawo;
• esitho ukunyakaza ngaphakathi futhi ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile;
• kungenzeka ashintshane isiyingi we-hip.

Kokuqhubeka ngisho kusukela kule uqonde ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani lokhu ngokuhlanganyela ukuze umzimba wethu.

Amaqoqo

Ukuze ukusebenza imisebenzi esemqoka luhambisane emisipheni hip. komzimba womuntu has eziningana yohlobo lwazo. Ngamunye wabo unegama ayo:

• ilio-femoral (Lig iliofemorale.);
• umsipha pubic-femoral (Lig pubofemorale.);
• ischio-femoral (Lig ischiofemorale.);
• umsipha ikhanda femoral (Lig. capitis femoris).

Konke lokhu kwakheka ku uhlelo olulodwa, okuvumela ukuba wenze ukunyakaza ezahlukene.

umsipha Iliac-femoral

Emzimbeni ke unamandla kakhulu, ngoba kuthatha umthwalo egcwele. Uhlonze lwalo - akukho kuka 0.8-10 mm. Inqwaba kuvela phezulu joint luqhubeke kuze kufike phansi, ebhekisela ithambo hip. Ngo ukuma kufana fan e state evulekile.

Bunch is ngakho wahlela ukuba kube kungekho ethangeni lakhe nje eligoqiwe phezu kuya ngaphakathi, ukuthi ukunyakaza izodala obuthile. It umsipha iliac-femoral kulonda ngokuhlanganyela kusukela ligijima.

umsipha pubic-femoral

Le micu esihle babuthelwa isixha ukwakha isixha, lapho wenza umsebenzi walo we ngokuhlanganyela hip. komzimba womuntu sinamandla nje kuphela kodwa futhi nemisipha ababuthakathaka. Amathambo pubic we ukhalo kungukuqala bunch. Ngokulandelayo, wehlela kunawo wonke, okuyinto trochanter elincane, kuze eksisi eqonde ngqo phezulu. Ngokuya ubukhulu luncane futhi umpofu yazo zonke nemisipha hip.

Injongo eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka umsipha sokuhoxisa unyathela amabhuleki kunawo nge ukunyakaza komuntu.

umsipha Sciatic-femoral

Indawo umsipha sciatic-femoral luluhlangothi ezingemuva ngokuhlanganyela. umthombo wayo uwela phezu anterior we hipbone ischial. Le micu hhayi kuphela ahaqe entanyeni ethangeni, kodwa ezinye zazo sidlula egobolondweni lelunga. Ezinye izindaba zika-fibre unamathele kunawo wonke eduze trochanter okukhulu. Umsebenzi main - ukubambezela ukuhamba hip ngaphakathi.

Umsipha ikhanda femoral

Lokhu kweqembu akusho akhawunti ingxenye enkulu umthwalo, njengoba kule ndawo isakhiwo olukhethekile joint hip. Anatomy umsipha kuhlanganisa imithambo yegazi, ebambe indlela kusukela ekhanda femoral kanye eziyimpumelelo emsipheni zitholakala phakathi imicu. Ngokusho isakhiwo libukeka kweqembu Indwangu okuxekethile, kwagcwala ulwelwesi lwamalunga. Kungenxa ngaphakathi komgodi ngokuhlanganyela kanye liqala ngala we acetabulum we ukhalo bone nokujula futhi iphela ikhefu ekhanda ethangeni.

amandla umsipha ihlukile, futhi ngenxa yalokho kalula yokwelula. Kule ndaba, akunzima ngokonakalisa. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, lanikeza ukuthi kunokuhlobana okukhulu amathambo nemisipha ngesikhathi ukunyakaza. Lapho kwakhiwa lokhu ngaphakathi komgodi ngokuhlanganyela, futhi okuwugcwalisile le kweqembu kanye uketshezi lwamalunga. Lwenza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi spacer, futhi ngaleyo ndlela anda amandla. Ngaphandle kwale umsipha akunakugwenywa Ukujikeleza eqinile senyonga phandle.

imisipha

Ngaphandle nemisipha ngeke kwenzeke ukuba afeze ukuxhumana okuthembekile lamathambo komunye nomunye. Nokho, ngaphandle nje kwalezi, indima ebalulekile udlalwa yimisipha hip. Anatomy imicu has a isakhiwo kunalokho omkhulu, iqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa ngemfanelo ngokuhlanganyela. Ngokuhamba ukwenza umuntu ukuqeda noma iziphi izinhlangano, kungakhathaliseki egijima noma ukuhamba, imisipha Imicu yotshani ukwenza njenge ukushaqeka ezidayiswayo. Okusho ukuthi bekwazi ukunciphisa umthwalo ithambo phakathi yamahhashi, kuzuba ikhomishana, kanye ngokuhluleka iwe.

Ngenxa yokuthi imisipha inkontileka futhi uphumule, senza ukunyakaza ezahlukene. Amanye amaqembu kwemisipha Imicu yotshani has ngokwezinga elikhulu, futhi ungaqala nge endaweni emgogodleni. Ngenxa le misipha ukunikeza ukunyakaza hhayi kuphela emalungeni, thina ungatshekisela emzimbeni wakho. imisipha Front ethangeni obhekene eguqa, futhi iqembu labaqaphi elingemuva - eyandisiwe. iqembu Medial unesibopho ekususweni actuator kanye hip.

egobolondweni lelunga

Ngaphezu kwalokho emisipheni, amasaka ezibalulekile futhi hip. Anatomy wabo umgodi, okuyinto uphahlwe ngu sezicubu zezinzwa futhi egcwele uketshezi lwamalunga. Thanda imisipha, isikhwama Ungase futhi wenze njengoba mfutho ukushaqeka ngokugwema ukungqubuzana phakathi izingqimba ihlule. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuwohloka kwamangqamuzana. Kunezinhlobo eziningana izikhwama:

• iliac ikamu;
• I trochanter;
• sciatic.

Lapho yisihlungu noma awe ukugqoka omunye wabo kukhona isifo okuthiwa bursitis. Lokhu zokugula kuvamile impela futhi sithinta umuntu nganoma isiphi yobudala. Bursitis ngokuvamile kutholakala abesifazane, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-40. In amadoda, lesi sifo singumbulali bungavami.

Imisipha emikhulu, ekhona ezweni hip and buttock, okumele njalo inakekelwe. umthwalo Lokulingene ohlelweni kwemisipha kuzovumela ukuba uqinise njengoba kufanele, kuyoba ukunciphisa izinga lokuhlasela kwesifo ukulimala.

ukuthuthukiswa ahlangene usana

Ngenxa izici okuyizimpawu anatomy we-hip womuntu bamalunga, muscle nezihlanganiso izinhlamvu ziqala ukwakheka at the stage of sokukhulelwa. Kulokhu, ngesonto lesithupha izinhlamvu ziqala ukwakheka ezicutshini. Kusukela ngenyanga yesibili kungabonwa nesiqalo lokuqala ukuhambisana, ezama ukuthola ukuhambisa umbungu. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqale ithambo core. Futhi kwaba ngalesi sikhathi, kanye onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila ibalulekile ngoba umntwana, njengoba kumiswa isakhiwo lwamathambo.

Kwezinye izimo, joint hip akuyona isikhathi yakha kahle, ikakhulukazi maqondana nalezo zimo lapho ingane izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngokuvamile lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona pathologies ezahlukene emzimbeni kamama kanye nokuntuleka namaminerali.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithambo apharathasi izingane ezincane namanje kuqhathaniswa esithambile futhi ethambile. amathambo okhalo ukuthi zakha acetabulum, akukakabi ossified ngokuphelele futhi ube ungqimba uqwanga. I Kungashiwo okufanayo mayelana ikhanda wethambo ethangeni. Yena ingxenye entanyeni lapho kuze ezincane bony nucleus, ngakho lapha, futhi, kukhona uqwanga.

Ngo izinsana, anatomy of kunawo wonke kanye hip libhekene ukuntengantenga kakhulu. Yonke inqubo kwetinhlavu amathambo ngokuhlanganyela okuphuma kancane futhi iphela eneminyaka engu-20. Uma umntwana wakhe esezelwe kwesikhathi, umongo kuyoba encane kakhulu noma bengasabeli, okungukuthi ukuphambuka sokugembula. Kodwa kungaba futhi ugcinwe izingane ephelele. uhlelo zemisipha, kulesi simo kabi athuthukile. Futhi uma phakathi nonyaka wokuqala yokuphila kwengane nucleus musa ukuthuthukisa, kunobungozi ukuthi ngokuhlanganyela hip akakwazi umsebenzi ngokugcwele.