Nethempeli Arhangela Gavriila, Menshikov Tower: incazelo, umlando, wezakhiwo futhi ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Zolotoverkh eMoscow ugcwele amasonto nge imibhoshongo ephakeme, imibhoshongo, kodwa kukhona isonto, eyakhululwa phakathi zezinhlobo bendabuko bokwakha eMoscow. It is Kunikezelwa Arhangelu Gavriilu. Kutholwe ku-Clean Ponds, kude emizileni izivakashi, Muscovites it is ngaphansi kwegama eyaziwa "Menshikov Tower."

Ithempeli ku-Butcher Emaphethelweni

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala yebandla, abangcweliselwe behlonipha Arhangela Gavriila, atholakala zemihla kusuka 1551. indawo kwawo kwakunjengokwetshe isiphetho Myasnitskaya ngokwemfundiso yesiko ngesikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi iSonto Arhangela Gavriila kuya hlaba. Kodwa kwakunesinye eMoscow definition womhlaba, kuboshelwe indawo yethempeli - ithempeli Gavriila Velikogo kudoti Ponds.

Indaba uya ukuthi le ndawo wethiwa Butcher zabantu matasa abahlala kuwo. Obhusha elahliwe zonke udoti kusuka ibhizinisi labo ichibi, nephunga lwazo kwamila kubuhlungu ngempela. Kuze 1639 esontweni uyabakhathalela li futhi sibonga iminikelo eminingi kusukela emakholweni avamile abacebile yakhiwa ngamatshe, landiswa futhi lalungiswa. Kamuva, leli gama isiphetho lashintsha, futhi endaweni kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi i Gavriilovskoy isiphetho, egameni ethempelini.

Menshikov iqala futhi ingaqedi

Intandokazi uPetru mina, u-Alexander Menshikov, e 1699 wathenga ifa ku Emaphethelweni Butcher. Ngenxa yesimo asebenzayo, isifiso pha izinzuzo eza futhi wasekela imali yakhe intshiseko, Prince Menshikov usheshe wathatha ukuhlomisa isonto Gavriilovskuyu, a asibonisa lapho waba. umnikelo Okokuqala waya wokulungisa ithempeli, futhi kusukela 1701 kuya 1703 ibandla wabaphakamisa kakhulu, kodwa uma futhi isiphetho Prince Menshikov emenza ukwakhiwa entsha.

Phakathi nale nkathi, inkosi kokuthunyelwa isikhulu mission yezempi, futhi lokho kwaba ukunqoba. Ngaphezu idumisa Menshikov baletha kusukela umkhankaso odumile, isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso UnguNina KaNkulunkulu ka Polotsk. Ngokusho yetinsita isithonjana zaveza ngu umphostoli Luka. Ukuze amathempelana enjalo Prince Alexander Menshikov isinqumo ovela elula lesifunda esontweni ukwenza okukhulu, futhi umqhele okuzoba isithombe ngokuyisimangaliso. Futhi emva ngakho ncamashi ngonyaka owodwa ukukhanda isonto Gavriilovskuyu yachithwa futhi waqala ukwakha entsha phezu kwezisekelo zawo.

Angel phezu Spire

Thina igcwaliswe amabandla amasha kuwona 1707. Waya esimangalisayo, ngakho lokho awenzekanga eMoscow. zokunyevuza amahemuhemu okuthi Menshikov wafuna "muhle" le Muscovites uyaziqhenya, ngoba ayikuthandi Tsar eziyizintandokazi futhi wakhumbula "nekurtuaznoe" imvelaphi, esidlule abampofu kanye umsebenzi owaqala ngokuvukela ophaya ukuhweba. Uma usuqede kokwakhiwa kwethempeli, yena waba ngokushesha ngokuthi "Menshikov Tower."

Isonto waphenduka okusezingeni eliphezulu, mayelana 81 amamitha eliphezulu, amamitha amathathu ukuthi idlule ukuphakama Ivan Bell Omkhulu. Lokhu kwabangela ukunganeliseki yezakhamuzi ovelele emzini. Kodwa abantu abavamile sachithwa Tower wafika zibabaza isimangaliso entsha. uphawu Special novootstroennoy Isonto Arhangela Gavriila (Menshikov Tower) waba umbhoshongo insimbi Okuthwesa umqhele tridtsatimetrovy Spire, okuyinto wenyukela ezulwini ingelosi segolide.

Zonke umhlobiso ethempelini kwakuhlukile, ikakhulukazi leyo minyaka: imihlobiso eminingi ehlanganiswa ezindongeni isonto, kungabonwa futhi simangalele ngesikhathi eyinkimbinkimbi ezibaziweyo sezimbali, isitsha sezimbali, izithelo. umhlobiso zangaphakathi nezangaphandle kwakwenziwa umoya baraque kaPetru, okuyinto at amandla egcwele izovela dolobha entsha Petersburg, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana.

gimmick eMoscow

Menshikov Tower eMoscow Yakhiwa ngezinga elikhulu futhi ngokucophelela okukhulu. Umakhi oyinhloko iphrojekthi nokwakhiwa imenenja kwaba Ivan Zarudny. Ngaphansi kuhanjiswa lakhe ibingamashumi abadumile abaklami isiNtaliyane, Okugweda kanye bamatshe - ngezisebenzi ka Kostroma futhi Yaroslavl co-op.

Ngemizamo abaklami wakhetha Zakhe isonto Serene Highness Prince phandle emoyeni okuyinto ayelibangise esibhakabhakeni, kwakubonakala ukuthi lubhakuza phezu komhlabathi, kwaba emangalisayo Menshikov Tower. Zarudny wezakhiwo yakhelwe futhi wakha ithempeli phezu okuyinto liyachuma phezulu enqabeni isikhencezo amazinga ayisithupha, isipikili ngumuntu tridtsatimetrovoy Spire.

Amabili uqimba engenhla eyakhelwe ngokhuni ne ngamafasitela, le penultimate hung amahlanu-lizwakalise, ngomsindo okucacile izinsimbi. Efuna ukwenza ukusaphazela, Menshikov oda iwashi kwezilwandle ezinkulu. Bafaka ngezansi izinsimbi. Kodwa isikhulu wayengekho ukuqedela lo msebenzi kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngo 1710, ngokomyalo kaPetru mina, inhlokodolobha wayiswa Petersburg, kanye intandokazi kwadingeka ukuba ngokushesha ushiye eMoscow. Isonto Arhangela Gavriila (Menshikov Tower) futhi awuzange okuqoqiwe kuze kube sekupheleni.

Fire nencithakalo

Ngo 1723 kwaba khona umlilo ebandleni, khona kanye Spire yashaywa umbani. Flames kwagqashuka futhi yasheshe kusukela engenhla storeys lokhuni. Umuthi we-oki ezishile Mount uquleke siwela wokwakha zonke izinsimbi. Ngalesi sikhathi ebandleni babe abantu ababalekela eyigugu izinto isonto nezimpawu, abaningi balimala, ababefe yamanxeba akhe. Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu ka Polotsk abephule, okuyiwona abantu abavamile futhi babonga ngokongamela kaNkulunkulu.

Eqinisweni Enelukuluku ukuthi ibandla elisha (Menshikov Tower) ngaleso sikhathi futhi engakaze ngayingcwelisa njengoba umsebenzi oqhubekayo, kodwa isikhulu babesho izinto kangcono ukwenza. Iminyaka eminingi isonto wezakhiwo agugile Zarudny abhala izincwadi isikhulu isimo yesonto, okuyinto waveza ukuthi kube semishayweni ebolile, lo mshini iwashi ayisebenzi futhi egumbini nasencithakalweni.

Ngemva kokufa uPetru mina Serene Highness Prince Menshikov yawela ihlazo. Ngesikhathi egula wafuna imenze Petersburg isithonjana eziyisimangaliso izindlu ethembeni ncengani yokutakula. Kodwa kamuva, wathunyelwa ekudingisweni, ngalahlekelwa ithrekhi izithonjana, futhi Menshikov Tower eMoscow wafika ekuchithweni.

izimpawu Masonic

Iminyaka lengemashumi lasihlanu yangembili kamuva UGavrilă Izmaylov, i wohlanga olukhulu enethonya eMoscow Mason (ngokuvumelana amahemuhemu), unqume ukubuyisela isonto. Wenza iminikelo omkhulu, kodwa ukubukeka egcwele esontweni Akazange abuyiselwe. Amabili lokhuni storey engenhla futhi Spire nengelosi wahlala kuphela kumemori namaphrojekthi. Kubuyiselwe itshe storeys amane kuphela, umbhoshongo manje Menshikov washada okusezingeni eliphezulu knob eyayibhalwe.

Ngokusho Spine eMoscow amahemuhemu, ethempelini labetibambile emihlanganweni yomshoshaphansi Freemasons futhi inkonzo. Kuvele isiqinisekiso ongaqondile walo uzovela ezindongeni isonto, ngemiyalo yezikhulu ube ngumsizi wabaningi, ophanayo Izmailov, izimpawu kanye nezimpawu okuqondene Order Masonic. Manje, eziningi sebekhohliwe ukuthi kwaba kulo ibandla, Menshikov Tower - igama abakhileyo kulo. Lapho Masons wamangalelwa ngokuba imbuka futhi zigqunywa emajele amaningi, umhlangano yaphela, kodwa izinhlamvu, futhi amalebula isikhathi eside gqizisa izindonga isakhiwo.

Ithempeli ehhovisi Thumela

Knock off izimpawu yenkolelo ezingafanele izindonga isonto ngaphambilini Metropolitan Filaret e 1852. Lakhiwa ithempeli ngenxa imali eposini futhi enikezela kabusha. Lesonto leza ngaphansi sivikelwe YaseMoscow-imeyili 1821, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yaziwa ngokuthi i-Church of Arhangela Gavriila eposini. Kusukela 1792 ku yokuhlala wangaphambili Menshikov ukuhlomisa eposini, futhi manje lezo zakhiwo eposini eMoscow itholakala cishe kusayithi wangaphambilini we Isigodlo Aleksandra Menshikova.

umlando touch

Isonto Arhangela Gavriila ku Clean Ponds - isikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele bokwakha, esinye sezibonelo lokuqala baraque Russian. Ekutadisheni ezikhangayo wedolobha, ukubheka isonto ubudala, kangcono eyaziwa ngokuthi Menshikov Tower eMoscow. Ikheli lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo kanye kwindlela ekhona isonto iNgelosi Enkulu, Isakhiwo 15a.