Lokuklanywa kwemingcele - lena ... Inkinga ukutjheja imikhawulo. Ukraine akazange olwenziwa futhi iqoshwe kahle e-UN ukuba aphawule imingcele kwemingcele yabo njengoba isimo

Lokuklanywa kwemingcele - igama elibi noma ukuhlonza umugqa we emngceleni phansi ngokuvumelana nezivumelwano ku ukurhunyezwa ka kanye nezakhiwo eziningi ezixhumene nalokho izincazelo kanye namabalazwe. Umsebenzi ku ukusungulwa umugqa angomakhelwane owadalwa ohulumeni umsebenzi okhethekile ahlangene kokubili uthi. Kwezinye izimo, le misebenzi yenziwa umzimba wezizwe okhethekile, okudaliwe ngenxa izinkulumo ukuthula.

umngcele definition, uKhomishane

Ikhomishana ikhathalela ngokuyinhloko sokunquma isikhundla esiqondile umugqa phansi futhi incazelo - Protocol demarkiruemoy komngcele uphawu yayo ebalazweni. Wabuye engena le dokhumenti umngcele nsuku insika yesifunda imidwebo uhlamvu ngalunye. Lokuklanywa - inqubo ukuthi uhlanganisa ethula ezinye ukucaciswa komugqa umngcele kukhonjisiwe inkontileka futhi eboniswe ebalazweni okuyinto elikulo. izincazelo ezinjalo ziyadingeka nemizana ikakhulukazi eduze, izintaba zokhahlamba nemifula. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kungase ukungabi khona kolwazi egcwele nokunokwethenjelwa icaciswe inkontileka.

Ensimini ka emngceleni kuboniswa izimpawu zomngcele. Ngemva ikhomishana okuxubile ngeke ukusayina amaphepha ukutjheja imikhawulo, banayo ukuvuma zonke izinhlangothi ikontraga ngokuhambisana nemithetho esebenzayo kula mazwe. Ngenxa iphepha kuza ngemuva ababambiqhaza bazokubona bashintshisane imibhalo eqinisekisa ukwamukelwa yayo.

umngcele umsebenzi ukutjheja imikhawulo

Ukucubungula ukutjheja imikhawulo ephelezelwa survey kwendawo noma sezwe Aerial. Ngesisekelo okokusebenza etholwe senziwa ibalazwe emikhulu we umdweshu umngcele, ukukhwezwa izimpawu, ukuxhumanisa uzimisele yabo kwendawo. Zonke umsebenzi ukutjheja imikhawulo we kwangenwa imibhalo ekhethekile, okuyinto anamekwe isikimu nezithombe izinhlamvu. Move izimpawu umngcele akuvunyelwe, futhi amaqembu aphoqelelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi babesebunzimeni zisesimweni esihle. Hlola ngaphambilini eklanywe umngcele, esikhundleni kanye nokubuyiselwa ezilimele umngcele izinsika ngokuthi "kabusha ukutjheja imikhawulo."

umngcele Russian

Iningi imingcele yaseRussia emazweni ngaphambili eSoviet Union, kukhona "okusobala", okusho cishe olungavikelekile kanye kancane ukuqinisekisa amasiko zemingcele. Ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele Ukraine neRussia, kanye Russia nase Kazakhstan eyenziwa ezingeni zokuphatha.

Kukhona imingcele geopolitical. Bazimisele ubuhlobo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Ekupheleni kweminyaka 30-xx kwekhulu elidlule, umngcele osentshonalanga wase-USSR sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi impikiswano. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nhlangothi zombili ke amabutho kanzulu. Namuhla, ukungqubuzana kungenziwa ngokuthi komngcele oseningizimu Russia.

imingcele kwezomnotho

Ukuze umnotho ezibaluleke kakhulu imingcele loxhumana naye, okuyinto uxhuma Russia ngalo namazwe angomakhelwane imizila yezokuthutha. Basuke ihlukaniswe ukuhlanganiswa futhi ukuxhumanisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngasemngceleni Belarus kuyinto ukuhlanganiswa. Through zokuxhumana yayo wamqinisa ukuhambisa abantu, izimpahla zithutha ngokukhululekile.

Kukhona isithiyo umngcele. Ngabo nzima nokuqalisa ubudlelwane kwezomnotho ngenxa izithiyo zemvelo (ephakeme), noma ngenxa yezimo eshiwo omunye States. Ngokombono zomthetho umbono ukuhlukanisa esisemthethweni, isimo-kuvunyelwa ezivamile imingcele, ezidinga ukucaciseleka nesiphetho yesivumelwano efanele. Kuwufanele benaka yokuthi abaningi umngcele Russian futhi manje ahlale lwesikhashana.

Ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele Ukrainian

Kuze kube manje, Ukraine-Russian umngcele umugqa namanje uhlala evusa impikiswano, awuphelele ukutjheja imikhawulo yayo. Ukraine neRussia kungukuthi waletha daba isiphelo sako okunengqondo. Zonke inkinga futhi kungalungiswanga kuyinto division of the esembusweni Kerch Strait. Noma kunjalo, umhlaba walo imingcele yezwe kuthiwa Okusizayo wahlonishwa 2003 ezingeni kamongameli. Ngo-2004 waphetha isivumelwano kwakugcwele izibophezele yi amaphalamende. Kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele Ukraine eZizweni Ezihlangene ayidingekile - isivumelwano kumelwe agunyazwe ezimbili, futhi kuphela emazweni iqhaza.

Inkinga ukutjheja imikhawulo emngceleni Ukraine-Russian

Udaba sokubhaliswa imingcele isimo amazwe CIS esaphakama 1992 lapho umqondisi Russian Foreign Intelligence wakhipha isimemezelo esenziwa e-Commonwealth of the Helsinki somthetho bangasephula imingcele asisebenzi. Kodwa inkontileka okuhambisanayo isayinwe futhi kuvunywe yiPhalamende kuphela 2003-2004. Nokho, ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele - lokho akuyona yonke le nqubo. Wabuye ihlanganisa isinyathelo ukurhunyezwa. Eqinisweni, ukutjheja imikhawulo - kusungulwe izinsika umngcele. Ngokuhamba ukurhunyezwa ithi eduze zisetshenziswa ikhadi ezifanele.

Ngemva kuciniswa sivumelwano izinhlangothi Ukraine futhi Russian kwakufanele ukudala ikhomishana zamazwe amabili ka ukutjheja imikhawulo. Ngilungise sivumelwano okusalungiswa "Ngo ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele isimo", okuyinto namanje ngokuphepha izikhulu ithebula Ukraine neRussia.

izinkinga Ukuxhumana Russia

Lokuklanywa kwemingcele - kuyinto isivumelwano zamazwe amabili. Kodwa iminyaka eminingi ezingxoxweni phakathi kwala mazwe womabili asiphumeleli. Kulokhu, ukuntuleka ukutjheja imikhawulo emngceleni Ukraine-Russian inkimbinkimbi ukuxoxisana amazwe European Union. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi cishe u-80% abakuleli ngokungemthetho faka EU amazwe nje komngcele kula mazwe. Ithuluzi cindezela ohlangothini Ukrainian asipheli.

Lokuklanywa yomngcele - kuyisici esibalulekile ukuze izingxoxo ukubusa Ukraine ukuba NATO njengoba sezizathu esiyinhloko ukwehluleka kuze kube manje ukungabi umngcele eklanywe ngalo namazwe angomakhelwane, ukuhambisana amabutho ahlomile nezindinganiso NATO kanye khona ensimini ka angaphandle elisekela ikhandidethi. Endabeni Ukraine, zikhona izinkinga ngamaphuzu alandelayo: base-Russian e Sevastopol, Ukraine ibutho izikhali ukutjheja imikhawulo akusebenzi futhi akuphelele. Lawa izizathu ukuthi izinkinga ezingxoxweni phakathi Ukraine futhi NATO.

Udaba umngcele phakathi Russia nase-China

Udaba lokuhlolwa kwesifo umngcele ukutjheja imikhawulo phakathi eChina naseRussia alinge kanzima. Eziyinkinga kwaba ukunquma imigqa ezifundeni Russian Ekude naseSiberia. Iziphathimandla Central futhi zazazi futhi ayikwazanga ukuthola isixazululo ebucayini, izinhlangothi uzwakalise ukunganeliseki ngu imiboniso kanye imibuthano. Le mibhikisho kubikwa ukuthi yayisekelwa abanye abaholi bentando wendawo. Primorsky Territory Governor Nazdratenko Nina iminyaka yoniwa ukutjheja imikhawulo e ngomzamo wokuvimba "ukudayiswa njengezitha zezwe lokhokho."

Ngenxa yengxabano ngokuthi ukutjheja imikhawulo komngcele China kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Omunye amalungu kuthunywa kunombhikisho 1996 ngokumelene ukudluliswa komhlaba eChina, basula. Kodwa ubuholi Russian wakwazi bushelelezi out la imiphumela emibi wonke la maqiniso futhi kute simo sibuyele kulesetayelekile njengoba eyingozi esikhathini esidlule emngceleni.

Ukutjheja imikhawulo emngceleni Russian-Chinese

Novemba 10, 1997 emhlanganweni yesihlanu ku Beijing, uMongameli Russian Boris Yeltsin futhi uMongameli Chinese Jiang Zemin asho khona la mazwi zonke izindaba eziphathelene ukutjheja imikhawulo nomngcele ophakathi eChina naseRussia sezaphumelela. Ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni ubudlelwano phakathi kwala mazwe womabili, kusho umngcele ku esempumalanga kumakwe phansi ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano ngemvume Meyi 16, 1991. Lo mphumela kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukufeza kwaba kuphela ngenxa yemizamo mutual nezithakazelo zombili.

Ngemva komhlangano elikhiqizayo ezingeni eliphezulu, iqembu kamongameli bazimisele ukufeza bavumelana isikhathi umsebenzi ukutjheja imikhawulo phezu kwesigaba esentshonalanga nomngcele ophakathi Russia nase China. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yaphawula ukuthi izingxoxo phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili sizoqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindaba ezisele emgqeni umngcele yaphelela sezixazululiwe kahle nangalokuphumelelisako. Tinhloko State evezwe ukubaluleka kokuphothula ukutjheja imikhawulo emngceleni Russian-Chinese. Lena uhambisane izithakazelo izakhamuzi wawo womabili la mazwe, futhi umnikelo jikelele ezolile ukuthula nokuchuma kuze kube semngceleni China nezingxenye yeRussia. Futhi, umbuzo ukutjheja imikhawulo imingcele phakathi uthi ezidingekile ekuqiniseni ubungane futhi ubudlelwano obuhle bokwakhelana phakathi kwawo sihlale sizinzile kule ndawo.