Isifingqo INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane eRussia

Isifingqo INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukufunda umbhalo idokhumenti normative, kanye ukuthola izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo. Futhi systematization wolwazi wathola, kubalulekile ukucabangela esigabeni ngasinye ngokukhethekile.

Qala: Isendlalelo

I-UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye idokhumenti ngokuyinhloko kuhlanganisa sendvulelo. Okuqukethwe kwalo kuvunyelwane ngayo yonke States ukuthi kukhona amaqembu kule sivumelwano. Ngokuyinhloko Igxila ubulungisa, ukuthula kanye nenkululeko wonke umuntu ukuvikela udumo kanye nesithunzi, kungakhathaliseki ubulili nobudala, isimo sabo emphakathini noma uhlanga.

INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane uchaza kafushane inqubomgomo jikelele social uhlamvu ngamazwe, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi nokuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela izindawo zokulala jikelele, amalungelo nenkululeko izingane. Lo mbhalo normative ihlose ukusekela umndeni njengoba eziyisisekelo ingxenye iyunithi umphakathi. Ingane ngayinye yaleli zwe unelungelo ukusiza futhi anakekele. Ukuze harmonic futhi kokubili ukuthuthukiswa ezingokwemvelo futhi siqu kumelwe azungeze ekunakekelweni kwengane, ukunakwa nothando. Nakubukwa jikelele, lolu lwazi uvezwa kusingeniso ithuluzi ngamazwe.

izihloko yesingeniso, kodwa eziyisisekelo

Isifingqo INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane sicuketse 54 izihloko. Umthetho wokuqala uthi ingane yaziwa njengenye umuntu ongazange attained engu-18 ubudala. Kulokhu, idokhumenti ubeka eziseqhulwini weNarha, ekhomba isencane yeningi. Isenzo olucutshungulwayo PPA bazo zonke ingane ohlala yimiphi uthi. Ukuze izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo esintu akunandaba yini uhlanga futhi umbala kwesikhumba ingane, isikhundla sakhe emphakathini nentuthuko ngokwengqondo, inkolo noma impilo.

Ngezinye isinqumo ezindabeni olunempikiswano iziphathimandla amandla kufanele sinake nezimfuno zawo ingane yokuqala. In the ukungabikho Ukuvikelwa ofanele States ukuth thatha kungumthwalo wakho wemfanelo ukwenza izimo ezidingekayo sokuthuthukisa esisekela ukuphila, ukunakekelwa. Futhi, abazali noma ababheki ukusebenzisa zonke izinyathelo ezifanele i nature zokuphatha noma lobugebengu, futhi ingane uma izimo kwesokudla. Isifingqo INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane ubonisa ukuthi States amaqembu viva bonke nengcebo ukuze akwazi ukuhlinzeka izingane konke okudingekile.

amalungelo Yemvelo kwabancane

Ingxenye elandelayo lunikezelwe idokhumenti zokulawula amalungelo inalienable. Njalo ingane, kanye nanoma yimuphi umuntu emhlabeni has inviolable unelungelo lokuphila. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuzalwa, ke wakhamba efakwe inqubo yokubhalisa kanye ngokuzenzakalelayo athole ubuzwe isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho ongasisebenzisa siseye kwesokudla ingane ukuxhumana nabazali futhi obakhathalelayo kuye.

I-UN Convention on the Rights of the Child iqinisekisa nobunye bomuntu ngamunye ezinhlelo ngamunye, okubandakanya amaphepha okuba yisakhamuzi, ubuhlobo bomkhaya, izimo zengqondo, izithakazelo, ukuthuthukiswa siqu nokunye. ukuphazamiseka emthethweni futhi ushintsho zobudlova ungubani akuvunyelwe. Lapho kukhona usongo ukulahlekelwa ungubani, isimo ivikela umntwana, ukuhlinzeka ngosizo oludingekayo, kanye eneka unswinyo mthetho.

mayelana abazali

Isifingqo INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane ngandlela-thile, futhi libhekisela abazali, okuyinto unomthwalo imfundo esizukulwaneni esisha. Njalo State kufanele, ngokwezinga ukuvimbela zokwehlukanisa izingane kubazali bazo ngokumelene nentando yabo. Okukhishwayo kuphela izimo lapho iziphathimandla abanekhono luvumela impikiswano ilungelo lemfundo. Lapha, ukuhlukana senzeka ukuqinisekisa izithakazelo wengane ku nesizayo. Njengomthetho, kulesi simo nengane owayephathwa kabi, hhayi ukuze bazenze ngokunakekela ngenxa, ongahlali ezivela kuye.

Kulesi simo, ilungelo lokuvota has yimuphi umuntu onentshisekelo ofisa ukuvikela izithakazelo wengane. States ukuth ukuhlonipha amalungelo engane eziphathelene zokuxhumana unimpeded nabo. Endabeni ngokwahlukana kungase ilungelo layo, uma oyedwa noma bobabili abazali ngesifiso.

zokuxhumana Limited nabazali angalandela, esekelwe izinqumo abomthetho, isibonelo, ngenxa ejele, ukudingiswa, uxoshwe, ukufa. Kulokhu, ingane likwazi ukufinyelela lonke ulwazi oludingekayo on ukuphi isihlobo sabo. Lapho lolu lwazi hhayi wachazela kuze yobudala uma ulwazi, ingase ibe nomthelela omubi ukuthuthukiswa siqu nenhlalakahle kwengane.

On the indima edlalwa ngabezindaba

INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane (ngonyaka wokutholwa - 1989 th) kubonisa ukubaluleka abezindaba ekuqinisekiseni izimo eyanele zokuphila zonke ingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano kumele ahlinzeke ukufinyelela kudatha uhlamvu ngamazwe nezikazwelonke. Lezi zinyathelo yenzelwa ukudala inhlalakahle kanye impilo yomphakathi, zokuziphatha nezingokomoya ezingokwengqondo ingane.

Ukuze lelisu ezingenhla, United Amaphathi ukuth ukukhuthaza sivumelwano:

• Abezindaba ukuthi zokusakaza ulwazi kanye nezinto ezidingekayo futhi ewusizo ngomntwana emkhakheni amasiko nezenhlalo.
• Ukusatshalaliswa kwezincwadi zezingane futhi ezihlobene imisebenzi yakhe yobuciko.
• Distribution, ukuqeqeshwa, exchange kolwazi ukuthi izohlomula ezincane. Ukugcizelela okukhulu kubekwa yokwanda izinto namasiko amazwe angaphandle, kazwelonke kanye imithombo ngamazwe.
• Kutfutfukiswa kwemakhono elulwimi ingane.
• Ukuvikelwa kwedatha kanye nokwaziswa ukuthi kungaba yingozi ukuthuthukiswa ezingokomoya nezokuziphatha ingane.

umthwalo kwabazali

INgqungquthela Yamalungelo Ezingane kafushane ukhomba unswinyo isetshenziswa abazali ngokusebenza engafanele imisebenzi kwezemfundo. States anesibopho enza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuqinisekisa umthwalo alinganayo, ezivamile futhi alinganayo umzali ngamunye ngoba ekukhuleni kwengane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababheki, ngubani oda umthetho othile wathatha umthwalo imfundo, futhi kufanele ajeziswe uma kwenzeka ukusebenza engafanele imisebenzi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Convention on the Rights of the Child ngo-1989 ubonisa isidingo usizo ezazinalo ukuqaliswa imfundo efanele. izinyathelo Elementary ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda zezingane: izinkulisa, izikole, imitapo yolwazi, imitholampilo nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ejensi amandla neqhaza yokuthi izingane bayawazi amalungelo abo futhi bakwazi ukusizakala imithombo.

Ukuvikelwa kwabancane

Isifingqo INgqungquthela Yamalungelo wengane ubonisa isidingo ukuvikelwa zonke ingane umuzwa wokuziphatha okuhle futhi ngokomzimba. Isimo ubophekile ukuba sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekile: zokuphatha, ezemfundo, ezenhlalo, Ukuvikelwa obugebengu zonke izinhlobo imithelela emibi. ukuhlukunyezwa ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba, ukuxhashazwa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi, inhlamba handling luhlaza noma zokunganaki - ingane kumele bavikelwe zonke lezi zici, kanye abazali, ababheki bezingane kanye neziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

Ukuvikelwa okukhethekile

INgqungquthela amalungelo wengane iziqiniseko Russian zonke izimo ezincane ezentuthuko kanye nemfundo. Uma ingane ishiywe ngaphandle ukunakekelwa kwabazali futhi singakhethi, ngaphandle emkhayeni noma obala imiphumela emibi iziphathimandla amandla aphoqelelwe ukuba uyivikele. Njalo ingane unelungelo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ukuze ujike kumalungelo imizimba yabantu, ukuthola ukunakekelwa kanye nosizo.

Ukunakekelwa Child kule nomthetho kazwelonke

ukunakekelwa State uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ukunakekelwa kwabazali kufaka ukunakekelwa kwezingane ezitholiwe, ukwamukelwa noma ezinye uhlobo lokuqukethwe nokuthuthukiswa. Uma kudingekile, ukuqaliswa kwezimo ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele izici zengane ngayinye: imvelaphi yakhe yobuhlanga, imfundo langaphambilini, ungubani zenkolo namasiko. Kuphoqelekile esimweni igunyazwe ukuthuthukisa inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle ngokuphathelene izintandane nezingane kwesokunxele ngaphandle ukunakekelwa kwabazali. Minyaka yonke kubalulekile ukuba afeze imisebenzi eminingana ukuze usize lesi sizukulwane esisha ukuba zibone indawo yazo ekuphileni.