Kwekuhlela kabusha Regional kaPetru 1. Kungani uPetru waqala izinguquko lesifunda?

Umbuzo ka inhloso uPetru uthethe izinguquko zesifunda kufanele kubhekwe kohlaka isimo Inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle eliye lakhula ezweni lakithi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Ngisho ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule kuye kwaba izimfanelo ngoba sina ezijulile ekuphathweni komphakathi kabusha. Umfutho yokugcina ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo wakhonza njengephayona Elikhulu Northern neMpi, okuyinto utshelwa isidingo ukuchitha umbusi wokuqala we ukuguqulwa okuhambisanayo Sakhiwo sangekhatsi lizwe.

Ukuncipha kwalesi simiso esidala control

Ukuze uzwisise inhloso uPetru uthethe izinguquko zesifunda, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izici uhlelo lokulawula ukuthi owawukhona ekhulwini odlule. Muscovy ngokwesiko ihlukaniswe ngezigodi eliholwa kwababusi wathumela kusukela maphakathi. Nokho, lesi simiso kwadingeka ethile engathí sina, okungukuthi ukuntuleka izixhumanisi unomphela maphakathi nezindawo zendawo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi simiso ukuphathwa iphelelwe isikhathi. Umbusi omusha wayedinga ama-apharathasi entsha futhi ephumelelayo bureaucratic okwakuyoholela babelokhu okungukuthi belawulwa futhi ngokushesha enze wonke ama-oda.

izidingo lempi

Izimali yokuziphatha izingxabano futhi izindleko fixed akhawunti inhloso uPetru uthethe izinguquko lesifunda. UMbusi lalidinga imali ekahle nokulethwa yempi, kwakudingeka ukuba abantu abasebenza kanye wekuhlanganisa ngesikhathi esifanele. Esidala uhlelo lokulawula uyekile nalezi zimfuneko entsha. Russia ilwa emazweni athuthukile-European, futhi ukunqoba kwakudingekile ukuba kabusha lonke uhlelo zokuqondisa isampula entsha.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinguquko Inkosi, njengazo zonke ezinye kugucuka yakhe wathatha indawo ekuqaleni ngenxa yezizathu eziphathekayo kuphela, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa isidingo ibutho kanye lasolwandle nge ukudla. Nokho, kokuphothula impi umbusi zakhonza kanjani ukuzivumelanisa uhlelo olusha abone isikhathi sokuthula.

Isigaba sokuqala

Ukuze uzwisise inhloso uPetru uthethe izinguquko lesifunda kafushane ukuvula nezikhathi ezimbili eziyinhloko idatha ukuguqulwa. Eyokuqala babo kungenziwa cishe eyalotshwa cishe eminyakeni 1708-1715. Lokhu kwaba nesikhathi ukuphakama ezingqubuzana Sweden, lapho kwakudingeka inkosi ukulokhu izintela, imisebenzi kanye ukuqalisa ukusebenza okufanele yokufuna ngesikhathi esifanele yempi. Ngakho-ke uqobo kulesigaba ekutjhugululweni eyayigqoke (ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso) imvelo paramilitary. Umbusi benza ekuphathweni hhayi eliyinkimbinkimbi, engavimba yokuthi lonke izwe ihlukaniswe eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ezifundazweni eziyishumi eliholwa kwababusi.

Ngenxa kuleyo minyaka kwakukhona impi, ukuthi lezi zikhundla babemiswa abameleli besigaba lempi. Ababusi kwasekuqaleni wabekwa icala ukuhlinzeka ngesikhathi esifanele intela yengcebo izimali ulandele ukubuthelwa empini, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izidingo zabantu kwezempi lasolwandle ukusebenza. Imibuzo ukulawula kombuso nenhlalakahle yabantu akufakiwe kwenkululeko imisebenzi yabo. Lapho sebephindele amabhodi zokweluleka, Landrat, ababe ngokomthetho ezizimele, futhi kwakumelwe akhethwe izikhulu zendawo, kodwa ngenxa yesimo impi zingabantu ngokuphelele ilawulwe Governor namalungu ziqinisekiswa iSigele.

umlenze wesibili

Ekuhloleni isakhiwo zomphakathi-zokuphatha kombuso ka engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-18, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe yombuzo wenjongo Petru 1 uthethe izinguquko zesifunda, ngoba ekutadisheni lesi sici kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba baqonde izici zokuguqula Inqubomgomo yenkosi, futhi uye wadala uhlelo olusha ukulawula. Sishilo kakade ukuthi kabusha ekuqaleni senzelwe ke ukukhonza izidingo lempi, kodwa lapho umkhankaso waqala izokuphela, umbusi ngcono uhlelo azidalile.

Kwaphela izimiso zakhe zeminyaka 1718-1719 esifundazweni lahlukaniswa laba izifundazwe kanye izifundazwe - ezifundeni. Sama ngasekhanda izimantshi yesifundazwe ababengenabani Eqinisweni esizimele umbusi, ngaphezu imisebenzi yezempi (ezokuphepha, ukulawula wekuhlanganisa), kwakudingeka anakekele futhi nezidingo zabantu: ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba, ukukhuthaza ukuhlonywa nokuthuthukisa silwenza. Ngakho, yesifunda izinguquko Petru 1 odlale indima ebalulekile i-sesimanje kohlelo zokuphatha yezwe.