Karl Smely: A Biography. Kungani uCharles the Bold ngokuthi the knight zokugcina?

Omunye izibalo bhá futhi ezimibalabala iningi ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu, ngaphandle kokungabaza, uKarl Smely, owabusa Burgundy phakathi nekhulu xv. Emlandweni ngokuvamile aye abizwa ngokuthi "the knight zokugcina" izimfanelo ayenazo, noma ukuthi senziwa ukuba kuthiwe. Wayehlala kweminyaka ngesihluku, futhi akumananga ngokuthi izenzo ezichaza imbangela yesimanje indoda aqhaqhazele.

INdodana nendlalifa kaFiliphu Okuhle

Karl ithole ufuzo siwusizo kakhulu. Uyise, filipp Dobry, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lonakele idumela lakhe ngokunika IsiZulu Joan of Arc wakwazi ukunikeza amandla Burgundy, ngalo aluthola udumo okusezingeni eliphezulu e-Europe. Lapho inkantolo ducal wakhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa yobuciko, futhi umbusi khona umsekeli oshisekayo ikhodi knightly kanye umsunguli Order of Golden Fleece, okuyinto wehlele izinsuku zethu.

Philip wayekade yokuchitha isizungu intandokazi ye jousting tournaments nemincintiswano minnesingers. Kuyaqondakala ozalwa Novemba 10, 1433 indlalifa, asibiza Carl, wazama ukugxilisa izici knight kweqiniso. ekukhandlekeni kaFiliphu neze yize, futhi indodana ngofuzo ngokugcwele uthando lwakhe ngoMniki-izimpi, ukuzingela kanye nomkhankaso wempi.

Intsha Duke ikusasa Burgundy

Báqondiswa yezakhi zezombusazwe, uyise washesha ube ngumkami indodana yakhe Katarina, indodakazi yenkosi French Charles VII, futhi ukuthi umuntu babamba umakoti singenamuntu enza it uma indlalifa kwaba ngokulambisa koneminyaka eyisihlanu. By the way, nengoduso ujabule wayemdala kunezingane nesoka lakhe iminyaka emine kuphela. Kamuva, Charles wayeshadile kabili ngaphezulu - a waseFrance Isabelle de Bourbon futhi oyiNgisi Margaret York. Bobabili zazenziwe lunegazi lasebukhosini.

Lapho esemusha Karl Smely wahlangana, ngisho wenza ubungani nabantazana esizayo lwaleli-isitha sakhe - indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi isiFulentshi, Louis, lapho yena wayengemuva Duchy of Burgundy ayecashe nasolakeni uyise. Cishe yobudala efanayo, zingabantu ephawulekayo sihluke nomunye. Karl Smely - the "uyiqhawe zokugcina" - eseyinsizwa amade futhi eqinile, elungele ngenkemba esandleni ukufakazela ukuthi akanacala. Louis esifanayo, okufutshane futhi mncane, nokwanda kwentshiseko elincane Iqhinga ezahlukene futhi uyiqili.

umkhankaso yalwa nomngane wakhe ayefunde naye

Ubungane babo yabhujiswa lapho-July 22, 1461, Louis kuphumelele kuya isihlalo sobukhosi sikayise, waba yinkosi yaseFrance, Louis XI. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala kakhulu ehhovisi, wahola inqubomgomo ekubumbaneni embusweni amazwe okungewakho izinduna waba inceku yakhe. Lokhu kwabangela ukungeneliseki kwabo kakhulu, okuholela I kwezicebi ozijameleko ezo united enkosini yakhe, eseqede isivumelwano okuthiwa i- "iNhlangano okuhle ovamile." Ngalokhu mbimbi emaceleni nge Karl Smely, ngubani waphoqeleka ukuba ujoyine inkosi entsha kulokhu kubulalana phezu esiFundeni Charolais, lapho bobabili isimangalo.

Maduze, le ngxabano zezombusazwe kwakukhula kuze kube nesimo wezempi. Ngalesi sikhathi, filipp Dobry wafa, uKarl wayezuze Holdings hhayi kuphela kayise inkulu, kodwa futhi isihloko Duke of Burgundy. Manje ngasekhanda kwezinhloko zamaviyo eqoqwe "by iNhlangano kuzuze wonke umuntu," wayegunde ngokugcwele ithuba ukubukisa isibindi nesibindi sabo.

Qala zokuchitha igazi

Ukunqoba lokuqala brilliant iwine Karl Smely e 1465, baxosha ibutho umngane wakhe wangaphambili empini Montlhéry. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abantu inkosi ukuba bangayeki izimangalo yayo County uphikise Charolais. Ekhuthazwe impumelelo, iNkosana baphuthuma Izenzo ezintsha. Ukhumbula ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule emzini Liege ngaphansi naye kwakukhona nezibhelu kubangelwa izintela eziphakeme ngokwedlulele. Kodwa okubi kunakho konke, ukuthi phakathi izihlubuki zase zasakaza amahlebezi okuthi yena - Karl Smely, uMbusi Burgundy - wazalwa hhayi uFiliphu Ezinhle, uyise olusemthethweni, futhi kusukela umbhishobhi wendawo, lapho unina Duchess Isabella aphumule izono.

A knight kweqiniso, futhi ngakho azi- uKarl, ayikwazanga ukuthethelela begcina owenziwe kule ntokazi, ikakhulu unina. Wabe esenza umoya kukaPythagoras - abantu abanonya kanye emnyama Ephakathi. Ukuthwebula izithombe Liege, ogama izakhamizi ayizange izame ngisho nokuzama ukungacasuki, wayekade kwababhubhisa bonke, kuhlanganise abesifazane nezingane. Proudly ukhulisa ikhanda lakhe, uKarl ushiye yefilakisi amanxiwa izolo iqhakaza edolobheni. Ngangimhambela ngale ndlela futhi ezindaweni ezimbalwa Duchy yakhe.

Ilindele waseBurgundy Izimpi

Ingabe ngokuqondile aqiniswa izingqondo kobukhulu bakhe siqu, uCarl wafisa ukwenza lokho ayekufundisa umbuso Burgundy, futhi kakhulu kulesi simo ukuthola ezandleni umqhele the Pope. Kodwa zinhlelo lokufuna isikhundla iNkosana wayemiselwe ukuba behluleka. It babemelene umbusi okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, kanye nenkosi yama-France. Ngiphakathi eyodwa noma omunye angazazi inzuzo inzuzo Burgundy.

Izimpokophelo uCharles the Bold and Louis babephakathi 11 - emakamu esiphezulu amandla ezandleni zabo, kodwa ukuba uwufinyelele ababeyifuna ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uma waseBurgundy kulo wancika amandla isilo esinonya, inkosi isinyathelo zobuqili nozungu, owawungumnyaka ziyinkosi akunakuqhathaniswa. Ukubhubhisa umphikisi wakhe, wakwazi engamdonsi ku uchungechunge ezamehlela lempi, kamuva ngokuthi waseBurgundy Izimpi.

I phansi yezwe

Ngaphansi ithonya lakhe, uKarl Smely wenza umzamo ukuze ujoyine efeni lakhe Alsace kanye Lorraine. Ukuqala kwakukhuthaza, kodwa ke Louis XI iphethwe yi- izingxoxo imfihlo ukuthatha izikhali ayolwa kuye cishe nengxenye yeYurophu. Hopelessly abasuke bengene shí nemikhankaso yamakhosi uMbusi Burgundy ukuphila wathutha ngokuphelele emgudwini impi. Kusukela nokugcinwa ibutho ngakhungatheka ngokuphelele yengcebo, konke ukuzijabulisa sahoxiswa. Sezadlula lezo mncintiswano yezimbongi nabaculi, kanye yezandla, izindaba ze-non-lempi, umane uyekwa. Umcebo wangaphambili waphendukela indlala nobumpofu.

Ukunqotshwa at Gransone

nakho okungokomlando kubonisa ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhulu kangakanani isifiso sokuvelela, kungekho umbusi babodvwa ngeke bakhone simelane umfelandawonye amazwe athuthukile. Karl Smely, uMbusi Burgundy, kwaba okufanayo. Uma namaJalimane isiFulentshi, ngandlela-thile wakwazi ukubhekana, okungcono ngaleso sikhathi ibutho Swiss kwaba kakhulu ezinzima ngaye.

Ukunqotshwa lokuqala kwasani ahlupheka e 1476 Battle of Gransone. Ngaphambi nje kokuba leyo, iNkosana Karl Smely wathatha umuzi, sibambe ukukhashelwa omunye abavikeli yakhe. Nge isikaniso ekuthunjweni, naye wenza kanjalo, kanye abajwayele ukuyenza ngayo - amasosha hung, kuyilapho abanye kuminze Lake Neuchâtel.

Swiss, bephuthuma ukutakulwa, kwaba sobala ngempela ukuthi balindelwe uma ukunqotshwa. Ngiphakathi ominzayo futhi uhlanganyele omunye wabo engafuni, waphefumulela ngakho, banqobe Burgundians. Karl Smely - umbusi waseBurgundy - ngokulambisa, kusale isitha sakhe isihambile ngesikhathi, wezikhali kanye ekamu elikhulu, egcwele ingcebo baphanga yomkhankaso.

ngesinye futhi isithiyo

Nokho, lokhu ukunqotshwa is ninganciphi Swagger nasekuziqhenyeni umkhuzi webutho. hala avamile, kuyo ukuthi wayezokuza, elinde iNkosana ngasedolobheni Murten. Lapha, uCarl etholakele Okhahlamba nakakhulu ukuchotshozwa ukuhlulwa. Kusukela imibhalo yenkathi eyaziwa ngokuthi waba nethuba, sibambe third-party kucocisana ukwenza ukuthula futhi ake kuhle tacky, kodwa ophilayo ukubuyela Burgundy lwakubo. Nokho, bathukutheliswa ukushiyeka kwezempi ngaphambili, akakwazi ngaphuthelwa amathuba yensindiso futhi kanjalo ngemvume kokufa kwakhe ugunyaza siqu. Iqiniso ukuthi imigomo lokufuna isikhundla uCharles the Bold kwakungafanele sokuboshwa isikhathi engaba ayenazo.

Ukuphela edabukisayo umbusi waseBurgundy

Ekupheleni konyaka efanayo ngesikhathi ikhanda yebutho elalisanda kumiswa, wakhuphukela emzini Nancy. I abavikeli wabonisa ukuphikelela ezitusekayo, futhi iJerusalema livinjezelwe yayiqhubeka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngenxa lokushisa eliphansi eziningi amasosha wakhe waphelelwa frostbite futhi ayikwazanga ukuqhubeka nokulwa, uKarl wenqaba emuva phansi ngethemba ukuthi indlala iyobe ukuphoqelela ovinjezelwe sokunikela. Ngalesi sikhathi edolobheni babasiza yebutho elikhulu, eyayihlanganisa i-Alsatians, Austrians, amaJalimane French.

Usuku 5 Januwari 1477 kwafakazela inhlekelele ibutho uCharles the Bold. Ukungakwazi bakwazi ukumelana ungcono kuzo uma eqhathaniswa nesitha sakhe e izinombolo, lachithwa ngokuphelele. Umlawuli yena wabulawa empini. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa umzimba wakhe efile nabaphangi abaphundlwe izilonda, itholwe ewasusa emfuleni oseduze. Kwemvume ubuso bakhe angaziwa ukuze iNkosana wakwazi ukubonisa kuphela udokotela siqu AMANXEBA ubudala.

umphumela esidumazayo wokubusa Charles

Ukufa uCharles the Bold kuqede lonke enkathini emlandweni Burgundy. Zibancishe uyindlalifa emgqeni wesilisa obhapathiziwe, ngokushesha phakathi abakwaHabsburg kanye umqhele French. It is gone ukuba abe namandla enani we Duchy njengoba geqe European. Lo muzi waba yingxenye yomlando kanye nombusi walo indefatigable Karl Smely, ogama biography uchungechunge okuqhubekayo ngezimpi imikhankaso. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe ubelokhu kalowo ukuba izifiso zabo.

iqhawe ngokungesabi sezombusazwe ezimbi

Izimpawu uCharles the Bold, wamnika abacwaningi, kuyinto ehluke impikiswano. It akunakuphikwa ukuthi wonke amabutho wathumela nendaba yakhe Burgundy ngokuvuma ukukhokha imali eningi ukuze emazweni ayenqotshiwe atholwe ubukhulu obukhulu nakakhulu kunalobo. Nokho, umphumela inqubomgomo lezempi bekulokhu Incithakalo Duchy futhi phansi jikelele. Wakhulela esigodlweni kungabulawa uyise, uPhilip Ezinhle, izimiso Charles ababethi Chivalry, kodwa, ngokuvumelana namasiko isikhathi sakhe, wobulawa nokubulawa neze abantu abangenacala ethumba emadolobheni.

Lo mbuzo ubuzwa: kungani uCharles the Bold libizwa ngokuthi "uyiqhawe zokugcina"? Mhlawumbe, yempendulo yokuthi he was fike of labo babecabanga imidlalo zezombusazwe kanye izingobe ihlazo futhi bengafaneleki, zikhetha ukuxazulula zonke izinkinga empini evulekile, njengoba kufanele knight kweqiniso. Ngokungangabazeki, indlela enjalo yokuhlaziya isimo ebengakhipha izikhulu kunoma yimuphi umuntu yangasese, kodwa inhloko yezwe akuvumelekile. ubuholi wezwe kuyinto nolimi kusukela kwezombangazwe, futhi kulesi sahluko kufanele ube uchwepheshe.