Ukuhlaselwa yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Afghanistan: Izimbangela Nemiphumela

Ukuhlaselwa yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Afghanistan kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu, okubangela ososayensi abaningi, amasosha nabezombusazwe ezingqubuzanayo imizwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo msebenzi ngokwayo, Iphuzu eliyinhloko owawungumnyaka ehlasela isigodlo Kabul, Amin, namanje isibonelo sokuba amabutho ezikhethekile isinyathelo ezimweni ezinjalo. Ngakolunye, akunakwenzeka ukuba sicabangele ayehlasela yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Afghanistan todvwa kusukela exacerbation alandelayo zibhekene ngeziqu zamehlo, kanye iqiniso lokuthi lo mcimbi uzoba ekugcineni waba omunye izimbangela wokugoqa Soviet.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuze baqonde incazelo ejulile isehlakalo eminyakeni engaphezu kuka amathathu edlule, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele ukuthi isimo isungule ezweni elise-Asia Ephakathi ngo-1979.

Konke kwaqala ngo-Ephreli 1978, ngesikhathi amandla Kabul e umbuso lempi beza PDPA eholwa umlobi odumile N. Taraki. Nakuba lesi simo kubhekwa US miscalculation enkulu njengoba Taraki nabangane bakhe wabona namadlelandawonye main eSoviet Union, ngaleso sikhathi amandla abangekho kuhle bagongobaliswe uwuhulumeni ophethwe leonid uBrezhnev.

Ubuholi Soviet neQembu LamaKhomanisi uye wafuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi zonke izindlela ukuthi beseke uhulumeni abasha weRiphabhulikhi Afghanistan. Kuyo 1978 lapha inike izimali abalulekile waya abeluleki ezempi kanye nezomnotho, ababe abagqugquzeli eziyinhloko zezwe guqula zemfundo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngaphakathi Afghanistan ezikhulayo nokungeneliseki kwabo abantu abavamile, futhi phakathi iqembu elibusayo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1979, le ukumelana kuholele ukuvukela evulekile, okuyiwona, kwacaca ukuthi esikhathini sethu, e-United States wama. Nokho, Taraki wayesenze amaphutha yafuna uBrezhnev kwesithi ogunyaziwe amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Afghanistan, wathola nokwenqaba ngokuqinile.

Isimo sashintsha ngokuphelele ngo-September 1979, lapho omunye abangane Taraki futhi Amin wenza revolution wafika amandla esikhundleni waklinywa ejele umongameli wangaphambili. kuyanda Amin ukuze amandla Sakushintsha njengoba isimo e-Afghanistan isikhundla salo enkundleni ngamazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvumelana Umlando esisanda kunyatheliswa waseMelika odumile isishoshovu kwezenhlalo uZbigniew Brzezinski, kule revolution United States iye yaba nendima ngqo, ukuba njengoba inhloso kwayo eziphonsa iSoviet Union ngo "Vietnam yayo neMpi."

Ngakho, kwezimbangela eziyinhloko ayehlasela yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Afghanistan lalinabashumayeli isikhundla esibalulekile kakhulu amasu yezwe, kanye neqiniso lokuthi ngemva kombuso, Amin uhulumeni wamaSoviet waphoqeleka ukuba angenele ezindabeni zangaphakathi zamazwe kwalowo State, hhayi ukuze uthole ku walo Kugcwele ukungezwani.

Ukuhlaselwa yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Afghanistan wayekade egunyazwe ngesinqumo eliphakeme party isitho - le Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee. Ngo isinqumo masisho ukuthi izenzo ubuholi USSR kusekelwe isivumelwano ubungani, esasayinwa phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili ngo-1978.

Ngobusuku obandulela le Amin entsha, 1980, ngenxa ye Storming ka isigodlo sikamongameli, wabulawa futhi le Umengameli wezwe waba protege wase-USSR B. Karmal. Okwesikhathi esithile ayehlasela yaseSoviet yokuthuthela Afghanistan ezaba nomthelela ukuzinza sokuphila yangaphakathi yezwe, Nokho, kamuva, amabutho aseSoviet babe ahileleke ngezihluthu ne mujahideen, okuye kwaphumela abangaphezu kuka 15,000 nokufa kusukela ohlangothini Soviet.