Isinqumo ku Land 1917. kwekuhlela kabusha Land ngo-1917

1917 Isinqumo emhlabathini, wayemuhle ngosuku emva utho lwesikhala (Novemba eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima ngomnyaka wesishiyagalombili). Ngokusho isingeniso sakhe, ezaqedwa impahla kulendawo kusezweni ngaphandle isinxephezelo.

Okudingekayo ukuze ukwamukelwa kwale dokhumenti wabonakala isikhathi eside ngosuku ikhishwe. Iqiniso lokuthi uhlelo kwamaBolshevik yaphikiswa nezinye izinhlelo ezikhona ngesikhathi amaqembu anbafuna athambise isandla ngokwengxenye ngaphandle kokuba ukushintsha lonke uhlelo kosozimali iyonke, kuhlanganise ngaphandle kokushintsha amalungelo omhlaba.

Apreli sokuphrinta umemezela njengoba isisekelo esizayo

Isinqumo ku Land ngo-1917 eyavela ka kukaLenin Apreli sokuphrinta, okuyinto azazisa ngosuku lwesine Apreli. Enkulumweni yakhe, uLenin wathi ngesikhathi edingekayo ukuze lithathe zonke lawela izigodi futhi uthumele nabo ukuze usungule oPhethe Izisebenzi Agricultural 'futhi Abalimi' amasekela, okufanele kubandakanye abamele imindeni abampofu. Ngasinye esikhulu lawela izigodi, okungase kuhlanganise 100 300 ongumlimi homesteads, obekumele ukwakha ipulazi imodeli ngaphansi kokuqondisa amasekela Izisebenzi Agricultural '. Kufanele ukuthi ukusekelwa imibono anjalo esikhathini abalaleli kuqala iziphakamiso Lenin asitholanga, futhi abanye (AA Bogdanov - usosayensi, umholi ikusasa Institute lokuqala yokumpontshelwa igazi emhlabeni) bathole ravings kwabo uhlanya. Nokho, baye evunywe Sixth iCongress of the kwamaBolshevik Party, elaliba 8-16 ngo-August ngonyaka 1917.

Umholi Imibono inguquko - uquqaba!

Encwadini yakhe Apreli iziphakamiso VI Waphawula ukuthi amaBolshevik kukhona eSoviet of amaphini Workers e nelinani lelincane, ngakho udinga ukusakaza umbono beqembu asebenzayo uquqaba, futhi kwenziwe, futhi ngempela ngempumelelo. Kukhona amacala ngo-September nango-October 1917, lapho abalimi babhikisha endaweni ethile, ephelezelwa ezimpini, wokhelwa izigodi futhi imfuneko for kulendawo "nizibulale ihlala" ngaphansi usongo ekuphileni. Ngakho-ke, Isinqumo ku Land (1917), i-esinqunyiwe okuyingxenye, ukufinyelela izinqubo zomlando wesikhathi.

Udaba Izwe liye uthuthuva isikhathi eside

inkinga ezweni ongumlimi isibe efanele, yebo, hhayi ngo-1917, kodwa kuqala emuva impela, futhi ngenxa yokuthi lokho yabantu basemakhaya kanye ukuthekelisa asebenzayo we wokusanhlamvu ofanayo ziphila okuncane ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia tsarist, ukuthengisa okuhamba phambili kwe-kukhiqizwa futhi ukudla nakakhulu, ezidabukile khona futhi befa. Ilondolozwe Kahle Zemstvo izibalo (e Rybinsk nasesifundazweni Yaroslavl), owawuthi kakade ngo-1902, u-35% amapulazi endaweni azange abe ihhashi, futhi ngezinye 7.3% - umhlaba siqu.

Kuvele umehluko omkhulu intela kuya Revolution

Abalimi, ngubani bamukela Isinqumo ku Land ngo-1917, ngaphambi kokuba ikhishwe iminyaka eminingi wathatha kwesabelo namahhashi ukuze iqashwe, ukukhokha abanikazi njengoba izindlela zokukhiqiza (nakuba kungaze kube yinxenye isivuno) futhi isimo (izintela). Lesi sakamuva Babengaphezu kwamashumi abalulekile, njengoba okweshumi ezweni ukuletha inguquko endlini yengcebo 1 ruble. 97 iphoyisa., Futhi isivuno okweshumi efanayo (ngaphansi evumayo izimo zezulu) kwaba ruble mayelana 4 kuphela. Kuyadingeka ukuba sicabangele iqiniso lokuthi amapulazi yizicukuthwane ukuthi ekhokhwa intela ka amasenti ezimbili (!) Ukuze okweshumi efanayo, nakuba ifa babelingana ngobukhulu 200-300 ongumlimi Holdings.

Isinqumo ku Land ngo-1917 Lalinikeza abalimi ithuba ukuyokudla hhayi kuphela umninindlu kodwa futhi ethize, isonto kanye sezindela emazweni bonke abantu ngaphakathi impahla yabo. Lezi iziza babe nomholo emuva labo Elikhulu balifulathela lelo zwe emzini. Ngokwesibonelo, esifundazweni Yaroslavl mayelana 202 000 izingcezu passport engunyaza ngo-1902. Lokhu kwakusho ukuthi amadoda amaningi (ikakhulukazi) okuphume amapulazi abo. Earth Cossacks elula abalimi kwakungafanele kuncike kokuquleka.

Izincwadi abalimi - esibalulekile

Kukholakala ukuthi isimemezelo phansi ngo-1917, waba iyawakha ngesisekelo mayelana 240 "ongumlimi usiyala" iphephandaba "Izvestia Russian Soviet of amaphini Abalimi '. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi le dokhumenti kufanele kube nomhlahlandlela imisebenzi emhlabathini kuze ababamele LoMhlangano.

Ban ubunikazi eyimfihlo ezweni

Okwalandela umhlaba ukuguqulwa ngo-1917? Isinqumo phansi libonise ukubukwa abalimi ukuthi kuyoba uhlelo fair kakhulu ezweni ayikwazi ezizimele ngaphansi kwazo. Kuba impahla yomphakathi futhi uya ukusebenza abantu ke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke wawuthi labo abathintekile ngesitatimende "impahla yokuvukela" Unelungelo ukwesekwa umphakathi yesikhashana ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha zokuphila.

Endinyaneni wakhe wesibili Isinqumo ku Land (1917) waphawula ukuthi kugcwele namanzi ezinkulu emizimbeni zomphakathi, kuyilapho emifuleni ezincane kanye namachibi zidluliselwa nemiphakathi kohulumeni basekhaya. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we waqhubeka wathi "kakhulu ipulazi cultured", okusho izingadi, zokugcina, iya ivela eMbusweni noma imiphakathi (ngokuya ngosayizi), futhi ekhaya izivande namahlathi kangakanani zabanikazi, kodwa ubukhulu izindawo kanye nezinga izintela kubo amiswa umthetho.

Imibuzo akuhlobene ezweni

Isinqumo ku Land ngo-1917 abathintekayo hhayi kuphela izinkinga ezweni. Iphawula izinhlobo ukuthi ihhashi amapulazi, zizalela izinkukhu nemfuyo nazo ekubeni gugu lesizwe futhi sidlule esimweni, ukuze kuzuze umphakathi noma zingahlengwa (umbuzo wawuwukuthi ngesikhathi ababamele Lomhlangano isinqumo).

imishini yaseNdlunkulu zivela emazweni angu ashaqa amakhasethi lidlule kubanikazi abasha ngaphandle isinxephezelo, kodwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela bokungamele ukushiya ngaphandle ukuthi abalimi abancane abasafufusayo.

Lapho iyisinqumo emhlabathini, kwathiwa babecabanga ukuthi isabelo ezweni may bonke abangabakho ukuzisingatha ku yabo, umndeni noma ukubambisana ngaphandle nokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi eqashiwe. Endabeni sokufundela nokuvuselelwa ukungakwazi kunendoda umphakathi yasemakhaya wasiza ukuphatha izwe lakhe, kodwa hhayi iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. Futhi uma umninipulazi kwaba osemdala futhi ayikwazanga mathupha ukusebenza ezweni, ulahlekelwa ilungelo ukuyisebenzisa ukuze athole impesheni isimo.

Ukuze ngamunye ngokusho izidingo zakhe

Kuyaphawuleka izimo ezifana ukusatshalaliswa sezwe ngokwezwi izidingo zabo, kuncike izimo zezulu, ukwakheka fund lonke ephethwe wumphakathi ensimini Zasendlunkulu (enkundleni). Land Isikhwama kungaba kabusha uma esishintshile labantu noma umkhiqizo isabelo. Uma ngemva kokuna umsebenzisi awuyeka phansi, ngulona logeleta emuva esikhwameni futhi kwakuba omunye umuntu, ikakhulukazi izihlobo ilungu umhlala omphakathi. Kulesi ngcono eliyisisekelo (amelioration, umquba nokunye.) Ukube ezokhokhwa.

Uma isikhwama umhlaba kwakunganele ukondla abantu abahlala abalimi ke, bangakunaki isimo kwakumelwe Izindawo zabantu ihlelwe supply yokusungula. New izindawo abalimi kwadingeka sithuthe ngendlela elandelayo: izifiso ke amalungu "okubi" kwemiphakathi, njll - ababehlubukele, kanti bonke abanye - ngenkatho noma isivumelwano nomunye.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, kungashiwo ukuthi Isinqumo ku Land ezamukelwe ngu II Zonke-Russia iCongress of amaSoviet, usebenzisa iyatholakala ngesikhathi isimo sezomnotho nesezombangazwe. Cishe nje kuvikelwe izinqubo ezenzeke umphakathi futhi babe ngenakugwemeka.