Bastille

Njalo ngonyaka mhla ziyi-14 Julayi French ukugubha Usuku le-Bastille. Umkhosi eyinqaba kakhulu futhi kunalokho ezingalindelekile. Futhi ukuba abhekane nalokho ixhunywe, udinga umlando kancane.

A inqaba enamandla ngezingange eziphakemeyo nemibhoshongo eziyisishiyagalombili, i-Bastille lakhiwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, 1370-1381 GG. Futhi cishe kusukela ekuqaleni le nqaba wakhonza njengephayona ejele. Okokuqala, libhalwa izigebengu eziyingozi kakhulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba ejele zezombusazwe. Futhi kule XVIII efanayo ekhulwini iziboshwa yayo wavakashelwa abantu abaningi abadumile, kuhlanganise amaningi njengoba ezimbili izikhathi kwaphethwa ngokuthi uVoltaire, isazi sefilosofi olukhulu isikhathi, kanye Ukubala of Cagliostro, Mma de Lamotte, Marquis de Sade, Nikolya Fuke, njll Uhlu kuqhubeka, kodwa injongo sihloko akukho kule.

Eboshiwe etilongweni phezu kadokotela siqu yenkosi, ngaphandle kokuthethwa kwecala, uma singakubeka kanjalo. Futhi oda we Bastille babe esiqinile kunanoma iyiphi enye ejele. Kungokwemvelo ukuthi lokhu inqaba elalihambisana baseParis, futhi ingxenye despotism French zezombusazwe kanye kobushiqela. Futhi lokhu, kanye neqiniso lokuthi egumbini le nqaba zigcinwe izinhlamvu, wenza abantu ukuba bathathe le Bastille cishe akunakugwenywa.

Umoya-mbuso ka-abantu 1789, wakhula ngokushesha. Maphakathi no-July walowo nyaka izigodi izinduna States-Jikelele, ibizwe ngoMeyi ngomnyaka ofanayo, angesabi siguqulelwa non-estate ejensi, okuyinto zaziletha ngokwazo njengoba umphathi intando yabantu ngalolo isimangalo nesisekelo esiphakeme. Ngemva kwalesi sikazwelonke, amasekela wadala "third-ikilasi", yazibiza National ababamele LoMhlangano.

Ukuze abantu bangazazi izinto inguquko uqala Paris yadabuka nge ibutho amasosha angaphandle inani ezingaphezu kuka-20 000. Wabe yaxoshwa omunye izikhonzi ethandwa kakhulu kuleli zwe, okungukuthi Jacques Neckar. Yena salandelwa Baron Breteuil. Lezi zindaba ukwethuka abakhileyo Paris, ababesaba ukunqotshwa weSigungu Sikazwelonke, ngoba okuphiniwe ukuthi lawo mathemba ayogcwaliseka. Ngayinye yalezi izenzakalo ukwanda kancane kancane intukuthelo abantu ngaleyo ndlela okulingana ethatha we Bastille.

Abavukeli waqala ukubiza abantu ukuba bavukele, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke we bagqugquzela kwaba Kamil Demulen. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Paris mhlaka 13 Julayi iqala yezinxushunxushu, ikakhulukazi waxoshwa Abbey laseSaint-Lazare. Ukuze enembile, yayithola okusanhlamvu okuningi yakhe. Paris Master Zhak De Flessell efuna ukuvimbela imibhikisho futhi wadala abezempi edolobheni, eyayihlanganisa abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-48. Kodwa akazange ingalo amaphoyisa.

Futhi ke kwaba khona ukuthathwa kwe-Bastille. Julayi 14 iviyo Paris, ababebalelwa abantu mayelana 50 000, baphanga armories at Invalides (leligama eFrance, ngaleso sikhathi owayebizwa ngokuthi Veterans asebathatha umhlala). Ngakho, ezandleni lezo zihlubuki zazishaye phansi mayelana 40 000 izibhamu. Into elandelayo ku-uhambo lwabo kwaba Bastille, ngoba in zewayini yayo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, egcinwe neziqhumane futhi amachashazi.

Ngu Marquis de Launay izihlubuki ithimba ibibhekiswe ukukhipha izinhlamvu ukuhlomisa amaphoyisa kamasipala. De Launay wamukela ithimba enobungane kakhulu, kodwa benqaba ukuwayeka out izinhlamvu. Omunye ngemva komunye, ithimba bashiya yonke into.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, bonke abantu bahlala endaweni. Kulokhu, ikampu Bastille lalinabashumayeli abantu 114 kuphela, babo 32 babe Swiss Guard kanye asele 82 - abanokukhubazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibhamu 13 ifakiwe ku ezindongeni inqaba. Phakathi kosuku, okungukuthi, lapho kugamanxa ihora lesi esinye salezi kwaqhuma nomlilo isixuku sabuthana eduze inqaba wavulwa. Waba yini umphumela walesi senzo ukufa abantu abangu-89 futhi 73 balimala. Ngemva kwalokho, Marquis wayethumele amathimba eziningana, baphinde kuya Ibhuloho eliphakanyiswayo elingena ethumba eNdlini izibhamu ekhubazekile.

Ebona lokhu kubonisa amandla kanye nezinhloso, de Launay is ningathembi ukubuyiselwa azowalekelela kusukela Versailles ngakhoke isinqumo ngesikhathi kuqhunyiswa i inqaba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wehlela egumbini elingaphansi, lapho egcinwe neziqhumane nge intambo yefilakisi lighted. Nokho, ukuqaphela icebo lakhe ayikazeki. Ikampu Bastille wahlela ukuba kube umkhandlu okudalwa impi, cishe ngazwi linye kuphela ezathi aziwuthandi ushintsho.

Ngamtshela ukuthi uma isithembiso ukulondoloza izimpilo abavikeli le nqaba, le Bastille labo ophasiswe amahora 17. Yaphela kanjalo-ke i-Storming we Bastille. Cishe zonke abavikeli le nqaba, kanye Master of de Flessell babulawa esixukwini esasidiniwe. Lo mcimbi Kwakuwukunqoba lokuqala inguquko ethandwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abantu ukuba bathathe le Bastille kwakungelona kokunqoba okukhulu, ke nokho esadlala indima ebalulekile emlandweni waseFrance. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mcimbi sekuwuphawu ka phezu despotism ukunqoba ngenakugwemeka.

Kusukela ngo-1880, le-Bastille kugujwa uSuku njengoba iholidi kazwelonke.