Trotsky Lev Davidovich: Biography, izingcaphuno

Agasti 21 iqeda iminyaka engu 75 njengoba usuku lapho Leon Trotsky wadutshulwa ngemvula yezinhlamvu wabulawa. Biography of lokhu wamavukelambuso abadumile eyaziwayo. Kodwa kuthinta isimo elandelayo: waba isitha, hhayi kuphela labo kufanele kubhekwe ukuba esiphikisayo Abavukeli - yezitha Okthoba Revolution-1917 ngonyaka, kodwa futhi kulabo abakanye naye ulungisa futhi okulima. Nokho, engazange abe anti-lamaKhomanisi, hhayi kuncike wokubuyekeza kwezifiso wamavukelambuso (okungenani ekuqaleni). Kuyini isizathu ikhefu abukhali enjalo abalandeli bakhe, ekugcineni okwaholela ekufeni kwakhe? Ake sizame ndawonye ukuthola impendulo yalo mbuzo. Ukuze uqale, sethula umlando womuntu obekwe kwikharikhulamu.

Leon Trotsky: A Biography emfushane

Chaza kafushane ukuthi kunzima kakhulu, kodwa namanje uzame. Wazalwa Lev Bronstein (Trotsky) November 7 (ngengozi olugqamile izinsuku, kahle nje, singakulindela kanjani hhayi bakholelwa ekufundeni izinkanyezi?) Ngo-1879 emndenini okhuluma ngomnikazi wezwe ocebile umJuda (noma kunalokho, oqashile) e-Ukraine, edolobhaneni elincane, okuyinto manje Kirovograd esifundeni .

Isifundo waqala e-Odessa, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka 9 (uqaphele ukuthi iqhawe lethu kwesokunxele ekhaya njengoba ingane futhi ungalokothi isikhathi eside anibuyelanga kuso), baqhubeka kuyo 1895-1897. e Nikolaev, kuqala isikole sangempela ke ngaleso Novorossiysk University, kodwa ngokushesha zayeka ukuqeqeshwa waphonseka umsebenzi wamavukelambuso.

Manje, iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili - emjikelezweni lokuqala komhlaba nesishiyagalolunye - ukuboshwa kuqala. kweminyaka emibili emajele ehlukene ku icala, lapho eshadisa abantu bokuqala efanayo, njengoba waphetha Aleksandroy Sokolovskoy ngqo Butyrskaya (ivoti zobuntu iziphathimandla zaseRussia!), Bese isixhumanisi esiFundazweni Irkutsk nomkakhe kanye nomfowabo (zobuntu namanje e action). Lapha Trotskiy Lev akaphelelwa yisikhathi ngeze - yena A. Sokolov ozalwa amadodakazi ami amabili, njengoba esethembise umshado journalism, elanyatheliswa ngo-Irkutsk iphephandaba, izihloko eziningana funneling phesheya.

Kube sekulandela uhambo ekhungathekisayo aphunyuke ngezicelo omgunyathi ukuze igama Trotsky (ngokuvumelana ubufakazi Lva Davidovicha, kwaba igama esinye sezikhonzi etilongweni Odessa, futhi igama lakhe uvele nombaleki omnandi ukuze okuphakanyiswe yakhe ngokwenza passport amanga) London.

Kube hero yethu ihlale ekuqaleni yesibili Party Congress (1902), lapho kwakukhona uqhekeko adumile phakathi amaBolshevik kanye Mensheviks. Lapha wazana nomunye Lenin, umholi owadumisa ithalente Trotsky sika etemibhalo wazama uyifake ku ibhodi isihloko "Iskra" iphephandaba.

Ngaphambi inguquko yokuqala Russian , Trotsky Lev wathatha uhlangothi kwezombusazwe engazinzile, oscillating phakathi amaBolshevik kanye Mensheviks. Lesikhatsi lesi wesibili komshado yayo nge Nataley Sedovoy, yena iphetha, hhayi ohlukanise inkosikazi yokuqala. Lo mshado yayiyinde kakhulu, futhi uN Sedova wayenaye kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

1905 - ngesikhathi kuyanda okusheshayo ngokungavamile zezombusazwe hero yethu. Fika endaweni ogobhozayo ngemva Bloody Sunday Petersburg, Lev Davidovich wahlela Petersburg kweSoviet futhi baba lokuqala elifike uSihlalo walo, GS Nosar (i-alias crystal - ummeli, isi-Ukrainian, ongowokuzalwa e-Poltava, owadutshulwa 1918 kumiyalo siqu Trotsky), nangemva Ngaphambi nje kokuba aboshwe, futhi usihlalo. Khona-ke, ekupheleni konyaka - ukuboshwa, ngo-1906 - eNkantolo futhi wabhekisela esifundeni polar (endaweni Salekhard lamanje) kuze kube phakade.

Kodwa Trotskiy Lev bekungeke kube yena uma uvunyelwe ukuba ngingcwabe yena ephila emathafeni ase. Endleleni eya isixhumanisi wenza Ukuphunyuka kwakwakhiwa futhi indlela kuphela ngokusebenzisa isigamu Russia phesheya.

Lokhu kulandelwa inkathi edingiselwe kuze 1917. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, Lev Davidovich iqala aliphonse eziningi amaphrojekthi zezombusazwe, ishicilela amaphephandaba amaningana, zonke izinhlobo izindlela ka esizama kuphela ukwakha isizinda kuleli ukunyakaza kwezinto njengoba omunye abagqugquzeli bayo. Akuthathi ohlangothini noma Lenin, umholi noma Mensheviks sonke isikhathi uyahluka kubo, wajika, uzama buyisana amaphiko feuding sokubusa ngentando yeningi emphakathini. Ubizwa ngabomvu uzama ukuthatha isikhundla ubuholi Russian ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Kodwa akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe, futhi 1917 kungenxa eziseceleni ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, okuholela umcabango wokuphinde Trotsky ukulishiya elaseYurophu eyozama inhlanhla eMelika.

Lapha efika isingeniso kakhulu kumibuthano ezahlukene, kubandakanya ezezimali, owamsiza ukuza Russia emva Februwari Revolution, ngoMeyi 1917, akunjalo nge emaphaketheni awunalutho. usihlalo uMbumbi Petrograd Soviet kuvikelwe kuye indawo ukuphindukuzalwa entsha lesikhungo, namakhono zezimali ibenze abaholi woMkhandlu entsha, okuyinto ngaphansi kobuholi Trotsky engena emzabalazweni kanye Yesikhashana kaHulumeni.

Wagcina (ngo-September 1917), bajoyine amaBolshevik futhi kwaba umuntu wesibili kuleli qembu Leninist. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, uStalin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Sokolnikov futhi Bubnov - ukuthi amalungu okuqala ayisikhombisa Politburo, okuyinto yasungulwa ngo-1917 ukuze ulawule kwamaBolshevik Revolution. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eneminyaka engu-20 Septhemba 1917 kanye kwaba usihlalo Petrograd Soviet. Cishe bonke umsebenzi esisebenzayo mayelana inhlangano ka-October Revolution nokuvikelwa yayo emasontweni okuqala amandla KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - umsebenzi Lva Trotskogo.

Ngo 1917-1918. wakhonza Revolution, okokuqala njengoba Yabantu Commissar eMnyangweni wezangaPhandle, bese njengoba umsunguli nomyali iRed Army esikhundleni Yabantu Commissar ngoba Military and Naval Affairs. Trotskiy Lev kwaba indima eyihloko yokunqoba amaBolshevik e Russian kulwiwa (1918-1923 GG.). Waphinde waba yilungu efanayo (1919-1926 GG.) Kulaba Political Bureau of KwamaBolshevik Party.

Ngemva kokunqotshwa Kwesokunxele Ukuphikiswa, okwaholela umzabalazo ukungalingani ngokumelene ukuvelela Iosifa Stalina nezinqubomgomo lakhe 1920 okuhloswe ngaso indima ezikhulayo kwenchubokuphatsa eSoviet Union, Trotsky ususiwe ukusuka amandla (October 1927), axoshwe Communist Party (Novemba 1927 ) futhi baxoshwa eSoviet Union (February 1929).

Njengoba inhloko yalawa Okwesine International, Trotsky, ekudingisweni Waqhubeka simelane ubushiqela uStalin eSoviet Union. On oda kukaStalin, wabulawa eMexico ngo-August 1940, uRamon Mercader, i-ejenti Soviet Lokudabuka Spanish.

imibono Trotsky sika yisisekelo Trotskyism, isiqondiso enkulu ukucabanga kaMarx, okuyinto kuqhathaniswa imfundiso yokuziphendukela Stalinism. Wayengumuntu omunye ambalwa izibalo Soviet zezombusazwe abangabhalisile avuselelwa ngaphansi uhulumeni Nikity Hruscheva ngawo-1960, noma phakathi "Gorbachev sika" yokwakha kabusha. Ngo-1980, izincwadi zakhe ziye zakhululwa ukushicilelwa eSoviet Union.

e post-Soviet Russia kuphela wayethethelela avuselelwa futhi Leon Trotsky. Umlando wakhe sacwaningwa futhi ebhalwe inombolo-mlando esaziwayo, kuhlanganise, ngokwesibonelo, Dmitry Volkogonov. Ngeke nilandise ngalo ngokuningiliziwe, futhi sihlaziye kuphela amanye amakhasi akhethiwe.

Umsuka kumiswa uhlamvu esemncane (1879-1895 biennium).

Ukuze siqonde umsuka kumiswa ubuntu iqhawe lethu, udinga ukuthatha sihlolisise lapho Leon Trotsky wazalwa. Kwakuwusuku emaphandleni Ukrainian, endaweni enkangala yezolimo, okuyinto okufanayo futhi namanje. Futhi lokho wakwenza Bronstein emkhayeni wamaJuda: ubaba, David L., ngubani ekudumisa kusuka Poltava, unina, u-Anna, kusukela Odessa, izingane zabo (1850-1910 biennium) (1847-1922 GG.).? I efanayo neminye umndeni wobunxiwankulu kulezo zindawo - wathola dolobha ukuxhashazwa ngesihluku abalimi Ukraine. Ngesikhathi ukuzalwa iqhawe lethu futhi bengafundile yakhe (zihlole leli qiniso!) UBaba uhlala, eqinisweni, sizungezwe abantu ongabazi ku-ubuzwe bakhe kanye sengqondo sabantu osevele ephethwe ukuphiwa indawo engamakhulu amaningi amahektare amaningi endawo futhi owenza isigayo umusi. It ibheke emuva inqwaba izisebenzi.

Ingabe-ke konke lokhu ukhumbuza umfundi okuthile empilweni abatshali, le amabhunu eNingizimu Afrika, lapho kuphela esikhundleni black kaffirs elimnyama Ukraine? Lapha ngaphansi kwalesi simo futhi zakha nobunjalo kancane Levy Bronshteyna. Abekho abangani, ontanga noma imidlalo abafana budedengu 'futhi enza imigilingwane enjengeye, omunye boring wobunxiwankulu sasekhaya uphinde ubheke phezulu izisebenzi Ukraine. Kuyinto kusukela ezimpandeni ebuntwaneni umqondo wakhe elikhulayo ukuphakama kunezilwane abanye, okuyinto kuyisici esihlobene eziyisisekelo Trotsky.

Futhi ukuba kuye umsizi uyakufanelekela kuyise, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, unina owesifazane omncane abafundile (kusuka Odessa emva zonke), isikhathi nomuzwa wokuthi indodana yakhe, waba nekhono ngaphezu ukuxhashazwa eziqondile of ongumlimi zabasebenzi, futhi waphoqelela ukuba wathunyelwa ukufunda e-Odessa (siphile ekhaya izihlobo). Ngezansi ungabona ukuthi ingane kwaba Leon Trotsky (nesithombe eziboniswe).

hero iqala ukubonisa ubuntu (1888-1895 biennium).

Ngo-Odessa, hero yethu ukuthi wabhalisa esikoleni lobuchwepheshe kwi-quota ukuthi zibekelwe Izingane zamaJuda. ke Odessa kwaba exubile muzi ophithizelayo port, sihluke kakhulu emadolobheni ejwayelekile Russian futhi Ukraine isikhathi. I amafilimu serial Sergeya Kolosova "Split" (sincoma ukuyibuka kunoma ubani nesithakazelo emlandweni Russian Revolution), kukhona yesehlakalo lapho Lenin ngo-1902 e-London ihlangabezana wabaleka ekuthunjweni lokuqala yakhe Trotsky kanye nentshisekelo enombono wokuthi wenze inhloko-dolobha yase-UK. Uthi okuvelayo ezingaphezu kuka yathela Odessa ngemva kokususwa kusukela chweba yasemakhaya, kumane nje akunakwenzeka ukuzwa.

Leo ifunda emihle, zonke iminyaka ilandelana ngokuba umfundi wokuqala ngenkambo. Esikhathini Umlando ababephila ngesikhathi, lapho ebonakala indoda wokuvelela kakhulu, ukulwela bokuphakama emhlabeni liwuhlukanise kusukela abafundi nabo. Ngu yokuba umuntu omdala Leo jikisa indoda ezikhangayo abasha, okwathi ngemva khona abazali abadla izambane likapondo yonke iminyango empilweni yakho kufanele kube evulekile. Njengoba Leon Trotsky waphila (isithombe sakhe esikhathini yokutadisha inikezwe ngezansi)?

uthando kuqala

Trotsky wayehlela ukufunda e-University of Novorossiysk. Kuze kube yimanje, washintshelwa Nikolayev, lapho eqeda inkambo wokugcina esikoleni samabanga aphakeme. Wayeneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, futhi yena wayengazange ngisho wacabanga ngomunye umsebenzi wamavukelambuso. Kodwa, ngeshwa, amadodana umnikazi efulethini BakaJehova ababenomusa ngayo Socialists, basuke wadonsa umfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme kumbuthano yakhe, abaxoxa izincwadi ezihlukahlukene wamavukelambuso - kusukela populist kuya kaMarx. Phakathi amalungu kumbuthano kwaba kanye A. Sokolovskaya, esanda kuphothula Midwifery izifundo e-Odessa. Njengoba Trotsky phezu iminyaka eyisithupha, ubambé umbono ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on kuye. Efuna ukubukisa ulwazi kuya into uthando lwakhe, Leo ngokujulile waziphatha ngitadisha eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma wamavukelambuso. It odlale iqhinga kuye: ukuqala isikhathi, wayengalokothi balahle yalesi umsebenzi.

umsebenzi Revolutionary nokuboshwa (1896-1900 biennium).

Ngokusobala, le ndoda abasha wokuvelela ngokuzumayo waqaphela - ngoba okufanayo, yona kanye le nto okuyinto ongasichitha emphilweni yakho lesingaba ukuletha udumo athandwayo. Bekanye Sokolovskaya, Trotsky shí emsebenzini wamavukelambuso, amapheshana ukuphrinta, kuholela sokuyaluza Social Democratic phakathi kwezisebenzi Nikolaev shipyards, wahlela "Abasebenzi baseNingizimu Russian 'Union.

Ngo-January 1898, amalungu union ezingaphezu kuka-200, kuhlanganise Trotsky, baboshwa. Wachitha iminyaka emibili ejele belindele ukuqulwa kwecala - kuqala Nikolaev ke e Kherson, Odessa bese eMoscow. I ejele Butyrka , wahlangana nabanye Abavukeli. Kube waqale wezwa Lenin nokufunda incwadi yakhe "The Development of capitalism Russia", kancane kancane abe kaMarx yangempela. Kwaze kwaphela izinyanga ezimbili ngemva kokuhlala etilongweni (1-3 Mashi 1898), olokuqala Congress elalisanda kumiswa Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). Njengoba Trotsky kuchazwe ngokwaso njengoba ilungu.

ngomshado wokuqala

Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (1872-1938 GG.) Kwaphela isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuba bathunjwe wavalelwa ejele Butyrskaya efanayo e Moscow, lapho ayekhona ngaleso sikhathi futhi Trotsky. Wabhala incwadi romantic, encenga ukuze uvumelane ngishade naye. Tellingly, abazali bakhe kanye nokuphatha ejele asekelwe umuntu othanda oshisekayo, kodwa lo mbhangqwana wamelana kakhulukazi Bronstein - ngokusobala waba nomuzwa wokuthi wawuzoba wemfanelo ukukhulisa izingane zabo njengoba alithembekile (in the kwansuku zonke umqondo) abazali. Ngokuphambene uyise nonina, Trotsky namanje ashade Sokolov. Lo mkhosi lomshado owawuse umpristi ongumJuda.

I ukudingiselwa eSiberia lokuqala (1900-1902 biennium).

Ngo-1900 wagwetshwa iminyaka emine besekudingisweni ku esifundeni sase-Irkutsk yeSiberia. Ngenxa umshado, Trotsky nomkakhe avunyelwe ahlale endaweni eyodwa. Ngakho, lo mbhangqwana wadingiselwa edolobhaneni Ust-Kut. Lapha wayenamadodakazi amabili; (. 1901-1933 GG) UZinaida noNina (. 1902-1928 GG).

Nokho, ukugcina imvelo njengalabo labatimisele, njengoba Lev Davidovich, eceleni kwakhe Sokolov kuhlulekile. Wawina notoriety ezithile ngenxa kulotshiwe inkomba izihloko kanye ukoma sokuthatha isinyathelo, Trotsky unika nomkakhe azi ukuthi akakwazi ukuhlala kude izikhungo sezombusazwe. Sokolovskaya ngokuthobeka uyavuma. Ehlobo lika-1902 Leo esiqala eSiberia - lokuqala ku zazifihlwa ngaphansi kwenqola hay Irkutsk ke nge passport kokuzihlanganisa egameni Lva Trotskogo ngezitimela kwemingcele Empire Russian. kamuva u-Alexander, wabaleka ngalolo suku eSiberia namadodakazi akhe.

Leon Trotsky futhi Lenin

Ngemva kokweqa eSiberia, wathuthela eLondon ukuze ujoyine Plekhanov, uVladimir Lenin, Martov nabanye abahleli iphephandaba kukaLenin "Iskra". Ngaphansi mbumbulu ka "Ipeni" Trotsky kungakabiphi laba abalobi ayo aqavile.

Ekupheleni 1902, Trotsky wahlangana Nataley Ivanovnoy Sedovoy, ngubani ngokushesha yaba umngane wakhe, futhi kusukela ngo-1903 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe - umkakhe. Wawunezingane 2: (. 1906-1938 GG) Lva Sedova futhi Sergei Sedov (Mashi 21, 1908 - 29 Okthoba, 1937), kokubili amadodana wafa ngaphambi kwabazali baso.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngemva kwesikhathi imfihlo yokucindezelwa amaphoyisa mbumbulu nokudideka yangaphakathi ezalandela iCongress lokuqala RSDLP e 1898, i- "inhlansi" wakwazi kubamba umhlangano lomkhulu webantfu Congress 2nd eLondon ngo-August 1903. Trotsky nezinye Iskra-esiza wathatha ingxenye kuwo.

izihambeli Congress ayehlukaniswe amaqembu amabili. Lenin futhi amaBolshevik yakhe ngokuthi iqembu elincane, kodwa ehleliwe kakhulu, futhi Martov futhi bakhe abasekeli-the Mensheviks wafuna ukudala inhlangano emikhulu futhi kancane siyalwe kanzima. Lezi izindlela ezibonisa ukwahluka ngezinhloso zabo. Uma Lenin ubufuna ukudala iqembu Abavukeli oluphrofeshinali umzabalazo komhlaba ngokumelene autocracy, Martov wabe esefuna ukuba abantu beqembu uhlobo European unombono izindlela yasephalamende umzabalazo wokulwa uhulumeni tsarist.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo abangane kukaLenin abaseduze umnikelo ukumangala. Trotsky nabahleli kakhulu "Sparks" sasekelwa Martov kanye Mensheviks ngenkathi Plekhanov - Lenin futhi amaBolshevik. Ukuze Lenin, ukukhashelwa Trotsky kwakungu igalelo eziqinile futhi ezingalindelekile lokho wabiza uJuda zokugcina futhi ngokusobala neze wamthethelela.

Phakathi 1903-1904 biennium. Amalungu amaningi ngamaqembu baye bathuthela kwelinye icala. Ngakho, ngokushesha Plekhanov Sahlukana amaBolshevik. Trotsky futhi ushiye Mensheviks ngo-September 1904 futhi kuze ngokuthi kwayena "non-kwamaqembu ezenhlalo entandweni yeningi" kuze 1917, ezama buyisana amaqembu ahlukahlukene ngaphakathi eqenjini, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi iqhaza izibhelu abaningi nge Lenin namanye amalungu eliqavile RSDLP.

Yelashwa kanjani i-mathupha Lenin Lev Trotsky? Ucaphuna ukuxhumana kwakhe ne Menshevik Chkheidze bha elichaza nobuhlobo babo. Ngakho, ngo-March 1913, wabhala: "Lenin ... a exploiter zochwepheshe zonke backwardness e ukunyakaza abasebenzi Russian '... Yonke isakhiwo Leninism okwamanje eyakhelwe amanga falsification namabhere ezinesihlungu uqale ukuwohloka kwakhe siqu ..."

Kamuva, ngesikhathi emzabalazweni, uyozikhumbula zonke nokungabaza kwakhe ngokuphathelene Yiqiniso jikelele iqembu, enikezwa Lenin. Ngezansi ungabona ukuthi kwaba Trotskiy Lev Davidovich (isithombe Lenin).

Revolution (1905)

Ngakho, konke esikwaziyo ngobuntu iqhawe lethu azinakho kakhulu ethopha ichaza. ithalente lakhe undoubted etemibhalo lesibonwa angabekwa isifiso sokuvelela ubuhlungu, posturing, zobugovu (khumbula A. Sokolowski kwesokunxele eSiberia namadodakazi amabili asemancane). Nokho, ngesikhathi salezi zinguquko lokuqala isiRashiya, Trotsky ngokuzumayo kuzibonakalisa indlela entsha - esinjengesomuntu nginesibindi kakhulu, i eyiqaphuqaphu oluvelele, bakwazi okhela uquqaba njengoba umhleli ogqamile. Fika ngoMeyi 1905 e-esibilayo nasemihlangeni wamavukelambuso Petersburg, masinyane ungena shí izinto, siba eliqavile Petrograd Soviet, wabhala eziningi izihloko, amapheshana, umi phambi amandla wamavukelambuso gesi isixuku ngamazwi somlilo. Ngemva ngesikhathi usihlalo nesekela woMkhandlu, kuyinto ngenkuthalo ahileleke ukulungiswa Okthoba kutelekwa zezombusazwe. Ngemva ukubukeka Manifesto le Tsar sika-October 17, onikeze abantu amalungelo ezepolitiki, uyomelana ngokuqinile ke, ukushaya ukuze kuqhutshwe intuthuko.

Lapho Amaphoyisa abophe Hrustaleva-Nosara Landau imi endaweni yayo, ukulungiselela eziqhelelene izisebenzi lokulwa ', umthelela force of ikusasa lokhu kubhikisha ahlomile ngokumelene autocracy. Kodwa ekuqaleni Disemba 1905, uhulumeni wanquma ukungabe ukuhlakaza Council kanye ukuboshwa yiphini lakhe. Kasibili indaba emangazayo senzeka ngenkathi beboshwa uma amaphoyisa atheleka Petrograd inkantolo Soviet, kanye owengamele Trotsky amandla bodwa yentando yakhe nokukholisa ukupakisha off kubo isikhashana ngaphandle emnyango, okuvumela izilaleli ukulungiselela: ukubhubhisa ezinye esiyingozi kwamaphepha abo, balahle izikhali. Kodwa ukuboshwa akazange kwakuzokwenzeka nini, futhi Trotsky Kungokwesibili ejele Russian, kulokhu Petersburg "Crosses".

Ukuphunyuka Okwesibili eSiberia

Biography Lva Davidovicha Trotskogo igcwele izenzakalo egqamile. Kodwa umsebenzi wethu awukona isethulo yayo enemininingwane. Sikhawula thina ukuba iziqephu ezimbalwa elikhanyayo, okuyinto ngokucacile kakhulu ukubonisa uhlamvu hero yethu. Lezi zihlanganisa umlando, ehambisana ne-inkomba yesibili Trotsky eSiberia.

Kulokhu, ngemva konyaka wonke ejele (nakuba ezimweni ngempela ehloniphekile, kuhlanganise ukufinyelela izincwadi kanye nabezindaba) Lev Davidovich wagwetshwa ekudingisweni eyaphakade Arctic, e Obdorsk wesifunda (manje Salekhard). Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, wanika intando incwadi yokuvalelisa ngala mazwi: "Thina siphuma ukholo olujulile ukunqoba esheshayo abantu phezu kwezitha zakhe lasendulo. Bayede sabasebenzi! Long-ndawonye yamazwe ngamazwe bukhoma! "

Nakanjani ukuthi wayengalindele iminyaka ukuhlala emathafeni Arctic, kwezinye izindlu engcolile futhi balindele insindiso lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, onjani revolution ongakhuluma naye, uma ungahlanganyeli ekugubheni ke yena?

Ngakho-ke, indlela kuphela out ngaye yayiwukuba ukuphunyuka ngokushesha. Lapho kulandelana iziboshwa bafike endaweni Birch (owaziwa eRussia endaweni ababedingiselwe kuyo, lapho wachitha ukuphila kwakhe konke, wangaphambili Serene Highness Prince Alexander Menshikov), ebelikude indlela eya enyakatho, Trotsky wazitshaya ngokuhlasela sciatica oyingozi. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi wasala nge pair of Amaphoyisa e Berezovo ekululameni. Ukukhohliswa ukuphaphama kwabo, uyagijima aphume edolobheni bese nokukhokha komnikazi eliseduze Khanty. Kukhona ezinye Amazing indlela iqasha futhi reindeer ku emathafeni ambozwe iqhwa (isenzo senzeka khona ngoJanuwari 1907), ezingaba yinkulungwane amakhilomitha uya eziNtabeni Zase-Ural, ephelezelwa umqhubi-Hunt. Futhi ukuthola ukuthi ingxenye European yeRussia, Trotsky kweqa kalula ke (ungakhohlwa ukuthi 1907 kungunyaka, ezifana kunjalo, uhulumeni iboshelwe entanyeni yabo, "Stolypin othayi") futhi eFinland, lapho wathuthela eYurophu.

It is ngokuphepha kuqedwe ngaye, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, adventure, nakuba izingozi obhekene adalula yena, kwaba ngendlela emangalisayo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Kungaba kalula ukugwaza ummese noma ukushaya futhi aphonse ku iqhwa iqhwa, ohahelwayo esele imali ababekade benaye. Futhi kuyoba lokubulala Lva Trotskogo ayizange ngo-1940, kodwa eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu ekuqaleni. It ngabe akwenzekanga ukube hhayi kuyanda fabulous phakathi neminyaka inguquko, futhi bonke ababelandela. Nokho, umlando kanye isiphetho Lev Davidovich yanquma ngokuhlukile - ngenhlanhla ngaye, kepha maye-ukuhlupheka Russia, nezwe lakhe, akukho kancane.

Isenzo wokugcina idrama zokuphila

Ngo-August 1940, izwe ayesesakazekele izindaba Leon Trotsky ubulawa eMexico, lapho ayehlala khona eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bekusuke isenzakalo ngezinga lomhlaba wonke? Kuyangabazeka. Ngenxa yokuqhuma cishe unyaka, njengoba egqilazwe Poland futhi ezinyangeni ezimbili zidlulile kusukela kokuwa France. Omlilo wempi, China ne Indochina. Feverishly ekulungiseleleni impi i-USSR.

Ngakho, ngaphandle abasekeli ezimbalwa phakathi amalungu Okwesine International eyasungulwa Trotsky futhi izitha eziningi, kusukela iziphathimandla zaseSoviet ziphethe iningi osopolitiki emhlabeni, ukufa bambalwa abantu ubeke amazwana. Iphephandaba "Pravda" ukubeka umlandvomufi ukuzibulala okuqukethwe aphenywa Stalin yena futhi bagcwale inzondo ngoba izitha abulawe.

Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi Trotsky wazama ukubulala ngokuphindaphindiwe. Phakathi nababulali ezingaba imakwe ngisho omkhulu umculi Mexican Siqueiros, owaba nengxenye sigasele villa Trotsky BakaJehova eMexico neqembu bangamakhomanisi ngoludala, mathupha ezikhishwe embhedeni ezingenalutho Lva Davidovicha machine gun umlilo, engazi ukuthi usendlini ngaphansi kwaso. Khona-ke inhlamvu lidlule.

Kodwa lokho wabulala Lva Trotskogo? Into eyangimangaza kunazo zonke ukuthi lo mshini wayengeyena isikhali ukubulala - umkhuhlane noma isibhamu, futhi evamile ice-ngembazo, Pick encane, esetshenziswa abaqwali lapho ekhuphuka. Futhi mina uyigcine ezandleni ejenti NKVD uRamon Merkador, nensizwa ethile unina ngokuzimisela abaseSpain Yombango. Zokuba Communist Orthodox yena, usole lesi kokunqotshwa republic Spanish abasekeli Trotsky sika, owathi nakuba abathintekayo empini yombango ohlangothini zamabutho republic, kodwa wenqaba ukwenza ngokuvumelana nenqubomgomo, setha eMoscow. Lokhu enecala etandleni indodana yakhe, owaba ithuluzi lokubulala kweqiniso.