Eyokuqala revolution Russian: izizathu kanye nemiphumela

Inguquko wokuqala Russian - lena lonke uchungechunge lwezenzakalo ezaqala ngo-January 9, 1905 futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngo-1907 e ngaleso sikhathi uMbuso Russian. Lezi zenzakalo ezingu lengentiwa wamanje kuleli zwe we isimo wamavukelambuso ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Inguquko wokuqala Russian wabonisa ukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu ezidingekayo ukuze isimo. Nokho, uNicholas II kwaba ekujaheni nge kugucuka kuleli zwe.

Izimbangela inguquko yokuqala Russian:

• kwezomnotho (the inhlekelele yembulunga yonke kwezomnotho ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20; ukuthuthukiswa backwardness kwezolimo nasezimbonini);
• nomphakathi (ukuthuthukiswa capitalism akazange kuhilelani kwanoma yiluphi ushintsho yindlela yemphilo lendzala abantu, kungakho ukuphikisana phakathi uhlelo olusha futhi izinsalela ubudala);
• zezombusazwe (obumbi samandla ophakeme, igunya wonke ukuwa Russia tsarist ngemva kokushona siyonqoba okusheshayo Russian-Japanese War, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kwawo kwesokunxele ukunyakaza ukuphikiswa);
• kazwelonke (yokuntuleka amalungelo izizwe kanye izinga eliphakeme ukuxhashazwa).

Imaphi amandla babukhona nakwa naseRussia ngaphambi ngalezi zinguquko? Okokuqala, kuba umzabalazo wama-liberali, ogxile yezikhulu futhi onxiwankulu. Okwesibili, indlela olandelanayo. Okwesithathu, ukunyakaza olukhulu-yeningi.

Yayiyini Izinjongo inguquko yokuqala?

1) ukubhekana eziningi izinkinga, kuhlanganise yezolimo, umsebenzi, kazwelonke;

2) ukugumbuqela autocracy;

3) Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo;

4) umphakathi classless;

5) nenkululeko yokukhuluma kanye nokuzikhethela.

Inguquko wokuqala Russian kwakungandile uhlamvu wobunxiwankulu-yeningi. Isizathu ukuqaliswa zawo zazilotshiwe izenzakalo ngasekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, negama "ngeSonto Bloody". Winter ekuseni, imashi obunokuthula abasebenzi iqondiswe enkosini, incurring isithombe sakhe silokhu sithi "Nkulunkulu Londoloza Tsar ...." Ehola odwendweni kwaba Gapon umpristi. Akukacaci namanje ukuthi bafika ukuthi wayesefile yini sizana Abavukeli noma umsekeli imashi enokuthula, njengoba ukunyamalala kwakhe isigubhukane kuseyimpicabadala ... Izenzakalo ngeSonto Bloody zaholela ekufeni yabasebenzi. Lesi senzakalo wanikela yisisusa esinamandla nalomsebenzi wonke amabutho kwesokunxele-wing. Yaqala le olunegazi revolution wokuqala Russian.

UNicholas II kuthatha manifestos eziningana, kuhlanganise "Manifesto ku ukusungulwa the Duma State" futhi "Manifesto phezu gosporyadka ngcono". Bobabili amadokhumenti e ngomqondo truest izwi baphendula tide. Phakathi inguquko, umsebenzi kwenziwa 2 State Duma, okuyinto usuhlakazekile ngaphambi kosuku ngemva kokuqedwa kwalo. Ngemva kokuphela yesibili sacala kusebenta "Okwesithathu isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona", okuyinto Lwenziwe emva ukwephulwa Nicholas II Manifesto ka-October 17, 1905.

Inguquko wokuqala Russian, izimbangela zezinkumbulo okwakukhona phezu isikhathi eside, kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi ushintshe isimo sezombangazwe e-Russia kanye isimo social izakhamuzi. le Icebo lika futhi emenza nokuletha uguquko kwezolimo. Nokho, 1st Russian Revolution akazange ukuxazulula inkinga yayo esemqoka - ukuqedwa autocracy. Nicholas 1 futhi autocracy eRussia bayosinda omunye engu-10.