Amakholwa - ngubani lokhu? Old Amakholwa futhi emthethweni: umehluko

Namuhla e-Russia kukhona mayelana 2 million Old Amakholwa. Kukhona wonke umzana owakhiwe abanamathele okholweni ubudala. Abaningi abahlala phesheya: emazweni esiseduze phesheya, Southern Europe, futhi abakhuluma isiNgisi amazwe ezwenikazi lase-Afrika South America. Naphezu izinombolo ezincane, esimanjemanje Old Amakholwa baqine izinkolelo zabo, zigweme ukuthintana nikoniantsami ukugcina amasiko okhokho babo futhi bamelena ngokuqinile "Amathonya Western".

kwekuhlela kabusha Nikon sika futhi ukuvela "splittism"

zezinhlangano zenkolo abahlukahlukene, okungase united "staroobryadstvo" eside, banomlando omude futhi ebuhlungu. Phakathi nekhulu le-17, uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Nikon , ngokusekelwa inkosi kwenziwe inguquko engokwenkolo, ogama msebenzi kwaba ukuletha izinsizakalo inqubo kanye ezinye imicikilisho ngokuhambisana "amazinga" yamukelwa iSonto waseConstantinople. Izinguquko kumele isite udumo Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia futhi isimo Russian ku enkundleni ngamazwe. Kodwa akubona bonke ebandleni wamukela emisha omuhle. Amakholwa - laba yibo abantu abaye bacosha izinto "incwadi kwesokudla" (izincwadi Ukuhlela isonto), kanye ubunye we yesonto isikhundla ukuhlambalaza.

Yini kahle hle kwenziwa ngo kohlaka izinguquko?

Izinguquko evunywe emakomidini emasontfo labakhona lamuhla ngo-1656 futhi 1667, ngokulandelana, nomuntu ongakholwa kungase kubonakale kuyinto engasho lutho. Ngokwesibonelo, kwathiwa eyahlelwa "Creed" ngokuba umbuso kaNkulunkulu ayalwa ukuba akhulume lesitako, umbhalo likaJehova inyunyana contrastive futhi zisusiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elithi "Jesu" wayalelwa kusukela manje ukubhala ngazimbili " '(e isampula ngesiGreki sanamuhla). Old Amakholwa akuyona baziswa. Njengoba ukukhulekela, wayesebanga ukhansele Nikon prostrations ezincane ( "uphonsa"), bendabuko "dvuperstie" esikhundleni "troeperstiem" futhi "njengomkhuba nje" Haleluya - ". Tregub" Sezenkolo udwendwe nikoniantsy waqala ukufeza ilanga. Ezinye izinguquko emkhubeni uKwamukelisa (ISidlo) Kwenziwa. I kabusha futhi kwabangela ushintsho kancane isiko umculo esontweni futhi iconography.

"Amakholwa", "Amakholwa Old" futhi "emthethweni": umehluko

Empeleni, wonke la magama ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ebekwe bantu. Nokho, la magama akuzona okulingana: Inkonde ngayinye ifakwe umshini umthunzi ezithile incazelo.

Abashisekeli bezinguquko nikoniantsy, isola abaphikisi babo ngemibono e ukuhlukaniswa of Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, wasebenzisa igama elithi "schismatic." It ulinganiswa igama elithi "imbuka" futhi zihlasela kubhekwe. Amalungu ukholo bendabuko ngakho akazange bazibiza, bakhetha elithi "oMdala amaKristu obu-Orthodox" noma "emthethweni." "Amakholwa Old" - lena eside ebucayini, wangena ukusetshenziswa ku abalobi wokuziphilisa kwekhulu le-19. Kholwa azizange bakubheka njengodumo oluphelele njengoba sazi, ukholo akugcini imicikilisho. Kodwa, kwenzeka kanjalo ukuthi nguye abathola ukusatshalaliswa enkulu.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye "Old Ngamakholwa" imithombo wayebhekisele kulabo abathi inkolo wangaphambi kwezikhathi zobuKristu (yobuqaba). Lena okungalungile. Old Amakholwa - okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, amaKristu.

Russian Old Amakholwa: isiphetho ukunyakaza

Njengoba ukunganeliseki ka emthethweni libukelwa phansi izisekelo isimo, iziphathimandla zezwe nabezenkolo abangu ngaphansi ukuhlukunyezwa kuphikiswa. Umholi wabo, umpristi uHabakuki, wadingiselwa bese bephila. Zabulawa ezehlela abaningi babalandeli bakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Old Amakholwa umbhikisho okuhleliwe mass self-immolation. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke babe gung-ho ngakho.

Kusukela ezimaphakathi of Russian Old Amakholwa abaleka iVolga esifundeni, Urals, North, kanye ePoland naseLithuania. Ngaphansi uPetru mina, Old Amakholwa isikhundla ingasebenza ngcono. Bona ayelinganiselwe amalungelo abo, kwadingeka bakhokhe izintela double, kodwa abakwazanga obala ukuqhuba inkolo yabo. Ngaphansi uCatherine II le Amakholwa Old avunyelwa ukuba abuyele waseMoscow futhi Petersburg, lapho kwakhiwa umphakathi omkhulu. Ekuqaleni "qinisa ngezikulufo" kwekhulu le-19, uhulumeni waphinda ukwamukela. Naphezu ukucindezelwa, Russian Old Amakholwa yavama. Abathengisi abacebe yimpumelelo kakhulu kanye nezimboni, abalimi yokuchuma okukhulu futhi engongi abangu wakhulela isiko 'sidilizwa Orthodox "okholweni.

Life namasiko

AmaBolshevik wabona mehluko phakathi Novo kanye Amakholwa Old. Amakholwa kwadingeka yathuthela futhi, kulokhu ikakhulukazi kuyi-Nguqulo Yezwe. Kodwa ngisho nalapho baye wakwazi ukulondoloza ukuvelela kwawo njengesizwe. Old Amakholwa isiko kunalokho zakudala. Abanaso aphuce izintshebe zawo, ungaphuzi utshwala kanye ungabhemi. Abaningi babo bagqoke izingubo ezivamile. Emthethweni ukuqoqa imifanekiso lasendulo ubhale izincwadi esontweni afundise izingane lokubhala Slavic nokucula banner.

Naphezu nokunqatshelwa intuthuko, emthethweni kaningi aphumelele kwezamabhizinisi kanye nezolimo. ukucabanga kwabo akakwazi ngokuthi inert. Old Amakholwa - kuyinto bantu abangezwa kakhulu, ophikelelayo nokunenhloso. Iziphathimandla kushushiswa kuphela kwaluqinisa ukholo nokuthembela kwabo umoya omnene.