Ukubiza wokuqala Zemsky Sobor, ngeqhaza lakhe ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe Russia

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo eRussia kwakuyinkambiso ukuba uxazulule izinkinga futhi zahlala kunjalo wonke umphakathi, "catholic", naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukubiza wokuqala Zemsky Sobor kwenzeka kuphela phakathi ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha, phakathi nokubusa Ivanom Groznym zwe. Ukuba khona izikhungo ezifana esivamile amazwe amaningi eYurophu, esigabeni sokugcina ukuthuthukiswa kobukhosi izindlu-ummeleli. Eyokuqala Zemsky Sobor sekukhona eNgilandi, Catalonia, Portugal. ESpain, lezi zinhlangano elejwayelekile nabizelwa le Cortes, ePoland - Diet, eJalimane - State amaphalamende.

Ngakho, i-Zemsky Sobor - sikhungo eliphezulu kakhulu uhulumeni lombhalo-ummeleli, endowed imisebenzi zakonosoveschatelnogo. Ubiza ngoba isinqumo ezindabeni zezombusazwe kanye nezokuphatha. Ngamanye amazwi, it is ukubiza abameleli amakilasi ezahlukene ikhambi noma yiziphi izindaba ezithinta isizwe. Ukubukeka leso sikhungo kwaba umphumela ekupheleni ubunye emazweni Russian kwisimo esisodwa, eqinisa iziphathimandla zendawo ahlukile. Ngokusho ukubunjwa amaqembu ayo abamelwe Russian Zemsky Sobor kwaba eduze West-European ukumelwa ekilasini, kodwa uhluke khona kuphela umsebenzi yokubonisana. European Zemsky Sobor wayenalo ilungelo yezinhlelo zokwenziwa kwemithetho. ERussia, isinqumo lesikhungo angene force kuphela ngemva kokuvumela zabo by inkosi Boyar Duma.

Ukubiza wokuqala Zemsky Sobor eRussia kuthiwa walotshwa ekuqaleni izinguquko ka-Ivan IV the Kubi. Siqukethe abefundisi ephakeme, izicukuthwane izikhulu iyunithi, izakhamuzi ezicebile, amalungu asebukhosini zezifunda ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Zemsky Sobor evamile lalinabashumayeli emakamelweni amabili. Omunye wabo lalinabashumayeli le boyars, abagcini-zikhwama, inceku, elinye - izicukuthwane, Knights izingane izinduna. Ngamunye ukubiza Zemsky Sobor eyathatha, njengoba umthetho, akukho izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Kathathu lalibukeka inkosi, ngemva kwalokho imibono yabo ngalolu daba kubani engenza boyars ngalokuvamile, kuphetsa, ubambela umhlangano we Boyar Duma. Zonke eqhutshelwa ngokuqinile by amaviyo ngamaviyo, kwaba izinqumo babe oda sithathwe ngokuhlanganyelwa.

Lokubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuphila ezombusazwe nezamasiko izwe kwadingeka ukuba abize lokuqala Zemsky Sobor ngo-February 1549, okuyinto wamemezela ukwedlulela isimo Russian kwamakhosi izindlu-ummeleli. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izikhulu anda indima elawula izwe. Phakathi nomhlangano wasungula isethi entsha kwemithetho kanye isinqumo ekusungulweni salawo eqhugwaneni. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, njalo abantu ungafaka isicelo nge uhlu lwezikhalazo (sicelosikhalo) egameni inkosi futhi cishe ngokushesha uthole impendulo. Ngokufanayo sicelosikhalo eqhugwaneni Zilawula nezinhlelo zezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni.

Eyokuqala Zemsky Sobor obize eRussia, ngokuthi "Cathedral wekubuyisana", zifana ngomhlangano omkhandlu wesonto owacabanga Biography nesithupha Orthodox abangcwele ukusungula ukugubha isonto ezibizwa ngamagama amaholide.

Ukubiza wokuqala Zemsky Sobor, futhi bonke ngothi lwabo ezilandelayo, wayifeza nge-diploma ekhethekile, esho izizathu ukubiza futhi isibalo kwalabo abamele iqembu. abantu ukuxazulula ngokuvamile kakhulu, ukuthi bangaki abantu oyakuhlala Zemsky Sobor. Abamele ababekhethiwe okhethweni eyayisemadolobheni ezihlukahlukene zezwe ngesimo inhlangano. Kulezi ukhetho ongabamba iqhaza abantu abakhonza intela yengcebo isimo. abamele iqembu asamukelanga iholo indima yakhe ukubiza we Zemsky Sobor. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukuzondla konke okudingayo, kufana nokuya emhlanganweni.

Zonke yimihlangano Zemsky Sobor kwenzeke, njengoba umthetho, emcimbini yesivumelwano Kremlin. Ukuze kuhlonishwe yabo Kwahlelwa isevisi kweNyuka Cathedral. Inani amabili eminyaka ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalesi sikhungo, kwaba umhlangano 57 Zemsky Sobor.