Kuyini lokho okushiwo yinkulumo nep - inqubomgomo kwezomnotho-USSR ku 1920?

Inqubomgomo New Economic (nep) - iqoqo izinyathelo kwezomnotho we kwamaBolshevik Party ukususwa eSoviet Union ngaphandle Inkinga 20s kwekhulu lama-20. Uma sikhuluma nep Ngamafuphi, imvuselelo imizamo yangasese.

Izimbangela the okusha Yemfihlo Economic

Inqubomgomo empi ubukhomanisi kwaholela uqhekeko ephelele ubudlelwane kwezomnotho phakathi ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni nezisemakhaya. izakhamizi Urban Kwakunzima kakhulu ngomqondo wokuthi nabo abazange baluthole lemali efanele imikhiqizo emzaneni. ngobugebengu Ukuhwebelana kwezomnotho Traditional lapho umuzi wathenga imikhiqizo kule ndawo ngenxa imali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi baye baqala uchungechunge olwathatha ngokumelene yokudliwa komhlaba inqubomgomo ukudla.

Ngokuphindaphindiwe bodokotela ezimweni lapho izibaya lempi edolobheni endaweni wasesusa zonke amasheya okusanhlamvu. Njengoba sazi, kwaba khona indlala enkulu kakhulu, ngakho ukuhamba umbhikisho we abalimi kwabangelwa izizathu inhloso ngo-1921.

Izwe labhujiswa ngokuphelele Okokuqala Umhlaba futhi kulwiwa ezibhujisiwe bonke ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kanye namazwe angaphandle. I Kungashiwo okufanayo of ubudlelwano nayo. ubuholi Soviet wayeqonda ukuthi kulesi sigaba ngaphandle ukubuyiselwa ubudlelwane namazwe angaphandle ezweni kuyoba nzima kakhulu.

Esinye isizathu ngokwehluleka inqubomgomo kweMpi ubuKhomanisi kwaba ukuqonda ubuholi ukuthi ushintsho olwenzeka isigubhukane ukuze ubukhomanisi akunakwenzeka.

Kuyini lokho okushiwo yinkulumo nep?

Ukuguqulwa lokuqala kwezomnotho, okuyinto lingachazwa ngokuthi ibonakalisa nep, waqala ngo-1922-1923 ngokulandelana. imisebenzi Main nep (kafushane) - kunezenzo okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu.

Ekuqaleni ke kwakudingekile ukuze kubuyiselwe uhlelo yemali kuleli zwe nge-sandise inkonzo yokuhweba ukudla nempahla yezimboni. AmaBolshevik kwakufanele ngenze Ukuhamba engakaze ibonwe kusukela ohlelwe ngokuhlakanipha zokuqeda isimo sezomnotho ezweni stupor yakhe.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini okushiwo nep, ukuqhathanise inqubomgomo kweMpi ubuKhomanisi.

Isici esiyinhloko inqubomgomo kwezomnotho ka kulwiwa kwaba yokudliwa komhlaba imikhiqizo kusukela kubantukazana. Ngamagama alula, abameleli ibutho noma uhulumeni kungathatha imikhiqizo bezoplatnoy. ubuholi beqembu isidingo sokuba ukwethulwa nep, etafuleni ngaphandle nezikhathi 1918-1921 futhi 1922-1929 iminyaka sizobonisa ngokucacile lokhu.

imicimbi nep

Ngaphansi kwenqubomgomo entsha uhulumeni wajaha ezinye zezinguquko. Cabanga ngalokho okushiwo nep emkhakheni wezezimali.

Njengoba wazi, kweminyaka eminingana ubudlelwane lezimpahla-imali ezweni ayefana eqandisiwe. Esikhathini kabusha 1922 lwemali kwenziwe. Uhlobo lwemali entsha (ducat) okubonwa amazwe aseNtshonalanga, ngakho ithuba lokufeza exchange angaphandle ukuthengiselana. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuqaliswe futhi ukuhweba ekhaya nasemaveni nabalingani angaphandle.

Nep kwezolimo

Izinguquko ezibalulekile benziwa kwezolimo. Abalimi ekugcineni wazizwa ethulwe umthwalo umthwalo ubukhomanisi lempi, ngoba ngo-1921, waqeda requisitioning. Yiqiniso, intela ngokugcwele hhayi kudedelwa. intela ukudla yethulwa, kodwa kwaba izikhathi ngaphansi kuka-2 ephakeme kunaleyo izinga insalela. Ivunyelwe ukukhokha le ntela ngokheshi. Abalimi ampofu kakhulu badedelwa ukukhokha intela. Abantu bendawo ngokushesha baqonde lokho okushiwo nep. Le ndlela ubuhlobo kulungile kubo, futhi abantu abaningi abafuni ukuya amapulazi esiwenza 1930-1932, ngokulandelana.

ukuthuthukiswa umkhakha

Ngo umkhakha, izilinganiso nep zazinzima kakhulu. inhlokodolobha Private usuphinde bakwazi ukusebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha zokukhiqiza. Kulezi zindawo lapho uhulumeni engafuni buthaka ithonya labo, amacala okuxubile-dolobha ihlangabezane emsebenzini. Ukulawula umsebenzi wamabhizinisi yehlile, ngakho qhubeka umsebenzi kwezomnotho sekulula. Izinguquko ezinjalo, ngakho ngokuhamba isimo ngokushesha wazizwa zimali angaphandle baye baqala ukutshala yokuqala nokuqhuba amabhizinisi amasha.

Imiphumela nep eU.SSR

inqubomgomo nep, ithebula ngawo imiphumela phambi kwamehlo akho, kodwa omuhle, kwadingeka eminye imiphumela engemihle.

Nokho ukubaluleka kwesikhathi okusha Yemfihlo Economic ekuthuthukiseni likahulumeni waseSoviet kunzima overestimate. Izwe wakwazi ukuthola i-ngemva kwezenzakalo nzima-10-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu lama-20.