Sofya Romanova: Biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Daughter of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Sofya Romanova wazalwa ngo-September 27, 1657. Nguye okwakubhekwe ukuthi ingane sesithupha asebukhosini. Unina, Maria Miloslavskaya, kwaba umfazi wokuqala u-Alexei unina amakhosi Fyodor III no-Ivan V Will Sofya Romanova izimo, kanye bazalwane, naba umbusi - selokhu Princess Olga e X leminyaka.

ubuntu

Uthisha UZandile Alekseevna kwaba semfundiso yenkolo uSimeyoni ka Polotsk - omunye wabantu amaningi afundile-Russian wangaleyo nkathi. Akumangazi ukuthi abantu ababephila kubhekwe egqamile inkosazana futhi indoda ekhaliphile.

Esikhathini isiko eMoscow State, owawuthi mithi indodakazi babe nokuphila kwangasese kakhulu. Isikhathi esining impela, inkosazana akazange ashade. Umshado nge Bakwethu (ngisho ne Boyar) sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi okungalungile kanye lomshado nabameleli amakhosi European wayebuye ngikwazi ngenxa ukungaboni ngaso linye kwezenkolo. UZandile Alekseevna futhi akazange abe umngane womshado. Kodwa, abe sibalo zezombusazwe, wachoboza ekhona isiko yasekhaya yokucindezelwa kwabesifazane wegazi bobukhosi inkambu yomphakathi.

Inkinga dynastic

Alexei Mikhailovich nginezingane eziningi, kodwa cishe bonke of them kwahluka yempilo ebuthaka. Inkosi esiye sabhekana amadodana amabili endala. Dying e 1676, nkosi wenza kwendlalifa yakhe indodana yesithathu, Fyodor, owaba Fyodor III. Le nsizwa kwakungu-futhi ubuhlungu. Washona ngo 1682 eneminyaka engu-20.

Ukunakekela impilo abasha yenkosi emenza nesimo esibucayi dynastic. Kube umbuzo esikhundleni. Khona okuthize isimo kwezombusazwe futhi wabonakala Sofya Romanova. Fedor, ngaphandle nje odade abambalwa kwadingeka abafowethu ababili abancane: zikaJohane noPetru. Ngakho inkosi wafa engenabantwana, amandla kufanele lidlule abanye babo.

Ivan wayemdala, kodwa impilo yakhe ethambile kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi. Jr, uPetru, kunalokho, libhekene ubungqabavu, inhlalakahle hhayi engqondweni zezingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nezikhulu kwakuyizingane ezingaphansi kwabafazi ezahlukene U-Alexis. Ivan wayengunina Maria Miloslavskaya, unina Peter - Natalia Naryshkin. Ahambisana Naleli emihlane abazolandela babo basebenzisa izihlobo ezivela emindenini boyars '.

ibamba

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa sibalo ebucayini yomntakabani iMoscow yayingenye Sofia Romanov biography elibonisa enendawo intando eqinile futhi wakwazi nokubusa. Ngo 1682, ngemva kokufa Feodor III, enhloko-dolobha kwakukhona Musketeers uthuli - amasosha, kwakheka isisekelo bayibutho Russian njalo ngaleso sikhathi.

Army okwagqugquzelwa MILOSLAVSKAYA, baphikiswa candidacy uPetru wehlelwe yini. Sagittarians Naryshkins ecaleni lokubulawa ka-Ivan, bashaya esigodlweni. Killed boyars eziningi, amela ohlangothini uPetru, kuhlanganise "umnakekeli" yakhe Artamon Matveev. Ngenxa yalokhu kokungenela ahlomile ezilwayo ezicukuthwaneni bavumelana yokuthi bobabili laba bafowethu uyobusa ndawonye.

Kodwa ngisho nalokhu ebucayini akazange khansela beseyizingane. Khona-ke izicukuthwane wanquma ukuthi okungcono yayiyoba ibamba Sofya Romanova. Biography indodakazi Alexei Mikhailovich ivumelane wonke amalungu elite eMoscow, kwathi ngo-June 1682 waba iNdlovukazi ngesikhathi umfowabo omncane.

Isandla sokunene UZandile

Ngaphambi kokuphela Russian kwekhulu XVII kwakukhona nezinkinga eziningana ezinzima zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Basuke ephelezelwa zonke ibhodi UZandile. Romanov kwadingeka amandla eside, kodwa selithathe isinqumo esekelwe iseluleko abayizintandokazi yakhe. Abaseduze umeluleki inkosazana kwaba inkosi futhi ohlakaniphile Prince Vasily Golitsyn. Ngokusemthethweni, wakhonza yinhloko Ambassadors ye-oda (analogu Ministry of Foreign Affairs).

"Izihloko 12"

Ifa kayise UZandile waphuza inkinga Orthodox Uqhekeko olungokwenkolo. kwenziwe izinguquko ezithile esontweni kwenziwa ngaphansi Tsar Alexis futhi uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Nikon. Shintsha ezinye nezimfundiso bendabuko namasiko kwaholela ukumelana okungakaze kubonwe umphakathi. Abantu ongazange afune ukwamukela emisha, asolwe ngokuhlubuka.

UZandile Alekseevna Romanov, ogama umthetho wawungukuqhutshekiselwa phambili okunomqondo kubusa uyise wakhe, asekelwe yangaphambili izinqubomgomo zokucindezela ngokumelene abasiphikisayo. Ngo-1685, indodakazi yenkosi wathatha okubizwa ngokuthi "izihloko 12". Kulesi umthetho baye uhlelwe isijeziso maqondana Amakholwa Old. nokubulawa kuvunyelwe, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuboshwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zezindela, ekuphucweni impahla.

Ukwamukelwa "izihloko 12" kuye kwaholela uphumo of abasezinhlanganweni kusuka eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha enkulu isimo Russian. Isazi-mlando Lev Gumilyov, kanye nabanye abacwaningi abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi umthetho kwaba esinye esikhulu kakhulu emlandweni wombuso Russian Inqubomgomo lokujeziswa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngonyaka XIV ngesikhathi esifanayo ne UZandile kukhanselwe eFrance SaseNantes, Zishiya ukubekezelelana ngokwenkolo maqondana amaProthestani.

ukuthula kwaphakade nge Poland

Ngisho nalapho Alexis Russia ilwa Poland. I zinqobe yaphela ngo 1667, kodwa izingxabano eziningi indawo baye awukapheli. ikhambi lezombusazwe ngale nkinga futhi wathatha UZandile Alekseevna Romanov. Phakathi nokubusa ibamba kuza ngesikhathi lapho womabili la mazwe babenesithakazelo isinqumo eside ukungezwani. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-Moscow efikile Rzeczpospolita.

I imbangela yombango owawuzothatha wahlala Hetman - ezweni Cossacks ku Ukraine. Emhlabeni esifundeni futhi impikiswano kwaqubula. Ngemva kwezingxoxo ezinde e 1686 waba nokho waphetha Ukuthula okuPhakade. Ngokusho ke, Poland elibonakalayo Russia Kiev, lonke Kwesokunxele-Bank Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Chernigov, Starodub futhi Smolensk. Ngo exchange, eMoscow ukhokhele ruble ayizigidi 146, futhi wavumelana babambe iqhaza empini ngokuhlanganyela European ngokumelene Turkey, okuyinto wasongela Rzeczpospolita kusukela eningizimu. Warsaw agcinwayo Volhynia futhi Galicia, kanye ukuqinisekisa amalungelo izikhonzi zawo-Orthodox.

imikhankaso Crimean

A umphumela oqondile Sokuthula Okuphakade ne Poland inhlangano Russian imikhankaso Crimean ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey futhi ngaphansi kwesizwe yayo YaseCrimea khan. Kwakukhona imikhankaso ezimbili. Bobabili bebephila Vasily Golitsyn. Ukuqokwa Eyinhloko Sofia asekelwe Romanov. Umlando ezimfushane ohlakaniphile kwakubonakala inkosazana ofanele kakhulu.

Ngo 1687, i-100,000th ibutho Russian waqhubeka nohambo. Crimean AmaTatar umlilo asemaqeleni, izinkinga kakhulu ukuphila ibutho. Ngenxa yalokho, ibutho main Golitsyn wanqoba. Nokho, wenza ngakwesokudla flank lamabutho umkhuzi Gregory Kosagova Ochakov ashaqe nechobozekile Bugeac zidlamlilo.

umkhankaso Okwesibili YaseCrimea kwaqala ngo 1689. Golitsyn safinyelela Perekop, kodwa kalemukelanga, babuyela emuva. Prince wachaza isinqumo sakhe ukuhoxisa fresh nokuntuleka kwamanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Kuzonyuka YaseCrimea akuzange kulethe kwanoma iziphi izinzuzo ezingokoqobo Russia. Noma kunjalo, ziye zanda udumo laseMoscow emehlweni eNtshonalanga Yurophu, lapho Turkey kwaba abaphikisi esikhulu ukuze zisongele ukuthula nokuhleleka kwendawo yonke imiphakathi yobuKristu.

Ubudlelwano nge China

Zezombusazwe UZandile ithinta izihloko hhayi kuphela European, kodwa futhi imingcele kude esisempumalanga yezwe. Zonke bamakoloni Russian XVII ekhulwini (ikakhulukazi Cossacks) kulandele empumalanga, kwaze kwaba yilapho ekugcineni befika nomngcele waseChina. Ukuze uthole eside ubuhlobo isikhathi Qing BakwaHan akuyona kulawulwa iyiphi idokhumenti.

Inkathazo eyayibalulekile ukuthi amazwe amabili ngokusemthethweni bavumelana Umkhawulo wabo, ngoba ukuthi kwakudingeka bahlale izingxabano ezindaweni eduze. IsiRashiya, Useshele ezweni ukulima efanelekayo, bahlala endaweni Amur, nakho eziningi noboya. Nokho, lesi sifunda ezonini ithonya okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni Qing. I apogee kwaletinchabano nabakhi bamakoloni waqala ukuvinjezelwa Chinese eliqaphile Russian Albazin e 1685.

Ukuze ukuzinza of ubudlelwano nomakhelwane wayo empumalanga ku Trans-iBaikal esifundeni ukuthumela amanxusa, okuhlelwe UZandile Alekseevna Romanov. Imiphumela inkosazana leBhodi ngokuvamile omuhle, kodwa lesi siqephu China isibe unhlangothi ezingemnandi emlandweni we Regency. Qing BakwaHan wenza ukusayinwa isivumelwano disadvantageous kakhulu eMoscow. ERussia bancishwa Far Eastern yayo izifunda, lase-Amur esifundeni, kanye inqaba Albazin. Komngcele China owawuse phezu loMfula Argun. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we esayinwe Nerchinsk seyaziwa ngokuthi Nerchensky inkontileka. isinyathelo Its wayeka kuphela maphakathi nekhulu XIX.

kucima ugesi

Ukuhleleka we Regency ka UZandile ayikwazanga kungokwaphakade. UPetru wakhula kancane kancane, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi udadewabo kuzofuneka ukuthi mnike isikhundla. Eyesibili umzalwane - Ivan ababuthakathaka - naphezu isimo salo okusezingeni eliphezulu iyiphi indima ezimele ukudlalwa. Ngokwe nesiko langalesosikhathi, uPetru ekugcineni baba omdala ngemuva washada indodakazi yesikhulu Evdokia Lopukhina. Nokho, uSophia Alekseevna Romanova, Biography emfushane elibonisa wakhe njengomuntu wesifazane amandla abalambele akuyona ezisheshayo akhale sesimweni evelele umfowabo omncane.

Ngo nje eminyakeni embalwa inkosazana Regency ezungezwe yena nabantu abalungile. Abaholi bezombusazwe, kuhlanganise nenani abacibisheli ithole izikhundla zabo ngenxa UZandile futhi asekelwe kuphela izimangalo zawo. Peter waphila edolobhaneni suburban yokuGuqulwa isimo, kanye nobudlelwane bakhe ne ezibiyele kwaya kuba nobutha.

Amandla kuphela ezingase ancike umbusi esizayo kwaba ezihlekisayo yakhe kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Lezi regiments kwamiswa phezu kweminyaka eminingana. Ekuqaleni, isikhulu nje bayabukana sengathi bafuna ukuhleka ukuzijabulisa lempi, kodwa kancane kancane ibutho lakhe waba amandla esesabekayo. Ngo-August 1689 abasekeli watshela uPetru ukuthi yena yayilungiselela ukuhlaselwa. Le nsizwa baphephela ngoZiqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Monastery. Kancane kancane ngokusebenzisa izimiso kanye diploma, lizuze Musketeers, futhi UZandile wasala eMoscow atihambi todvwa.

Ukuphila Isigodlo

Ngo-September 1689 udade wenkosi wagudluzwa futhi ithunyelwa Novodevichy Sezindela. Ngaphakathi kwezindonga cloister yena waphila sizungezwe onogada. Ngo 1698 eMoscow ngokungabi bikho inkosi waphula strelets ukuhlubuka. Ukuvukela ukuyiveza. Uphenyo baphetha ngokuthi bakhi ayeya esihlalweni sobukhosi UZandile. Ubuhlobo wakhe nomfowabo futhi akakaze zihlukaniswa imfudumalo, futhi manje uPetru kanye nabo bonke ngaphambilini sika udade nezindelakazi. Sofya Romanova, isithombe ekumeni ebonisa ngokucacile isimo sakhe sina ejele, wafa 14 Julayi 1704 ku Novodevichy Sezindela.