Indawo yaseKazakhstan. I-Kazakhstan - indawo yendawo, izici nezici zezwe

I-Kazakhstan idume umhlaba wonke ngezintaba zayo ezinkulu zezintaba, izidumbu eziyimfihlakalo, amachibi e-emerald, okuhlukile kwezilwane zezilwane nemifino. Yini okumele ikhulume ngokuphathelene nempucuko yasendulo, leli lizwe. Lapha kwakukhona izizwe ezihlala zizwela. Kulapha ukuthi ingxenye enkulu kakhulu ye-Great Silk Road ikhona. Ngakho yini efihliwe Kazakhstan emangalisayo neyingqayizivele?

Umlando

Umlando wezwe ubuyela esikhathini sangaphambi kwesikhathi - eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-2,5 BC. E. Inkathi yasendulo yathatha iVIII leminyaka BC. E. - Ikhulu leminyaka BC. E. Isikhathi sesikhathi esiphakathi sisezinkulungwane ze-V-XVIII. Indaba entsha iqala ngekhulu le-XVIII. Futhi iphetha ngo-1917. IKazakhstan yayiyingxenye yeRussia, i- Nogai Horde, uMbuso waseSiberia, neKazakh Khanate.

Isigaba sokuqala somlando wamanje wanqamuka ngesikhathi sokuwa koMbuso WaseRussia kwaze kwawa ukuwa kwe-USSR. Futhi isigaba sesibili saqala ngoDisemba 16, 1991, lapho i-republic yaba umbuso wenkululeko yentando yeningi.

Phakathi nokuhlala kwezwe, ibalazwe laseKazakhstan lishintshe kakhulu ngenxa yokufakwa kwalo emibusweni ehlukahlukene kanye nemibuso.

Isigaba sokuphatha

Njengoba kwashiwo, i-Kazakhstan, insimu engaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zamamitha ayizigremu. I-Km, iyisimo esihlangene. Elizweni kunamadolobha amathathu okuhanjiswa kwamaRiphabliki, imizi engu-86, izifunda ezingu-14, izifunda ezingu-168, 174 amakolishi.

Ngakho, izifunda zaseKazakhstan zinikezwe ngezansi:

• Akmola.
• I-Alma-Ata.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• E-East Kazakhstan.
• West Kazakhstan.
• I-South-Kazakhstan.
• North-Kazakhstan.
• Zhambylskaya.
• Kostanay.
• I-Karaganda.
• Kyzylorda.
• I-Pavlodar.
• Mangistau.

Amadolobha okubaluleka kwezwe:

• I-Almaty (i-Almaty).
• I-Baikonur.
• I-Astana iyinhloko-dolobha.

Isimo sezulu

Kuyafaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi indawo yeKazakhstan inkulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, umehluko ungabonwa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zezwe mayelana nesimo sezulu, ukusizwa, kanye nemithombo yamanzi.

I-Kazakhstan ikude kakhulu nolwandle, ngakho enyakatho isimo sezulu sinzima futhi sibanda, kanti izimbali zaseNingizimu azizona zonyaka. Ukushisa okuvamile kweJanuwari : enyakatho nasempumalanga - -18 ° C, eningizimu - 3 C °. Ukushisa okuvamile kweJulayi: enyakatho +19 ° C, eningizimu - + 28 ° .. + 30 C °.

Zonke izifunda zaseKazakhstan zitholakala ezindaweni ezine zezulu: ihlane, i-semi-desert, i-forest-steppe ne-steppe.

Endaweni ye-steppe kukhona izindawo eziseNyakatho yezwe. Isivinini somoya esiphezulu siyabonakala lapha. Ezindaweni ze-steppe, ubusika bufushane kunehlobo. Isishicilelo ngesikhathi silingana nekwindla.

Esiqhingini sehlathi se-steppe kukhona amathafa enyakatho yezwe. Isikhathi esifushane kunentwasahlobo. Ubude behlobo yizinyanga ezintathu, kanti ubusika - kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli.

Ema-steppes omile angama-semi-desert ayekhona enkabeni ye-republic. Ubusika lapha bubucayi kakhulu, isimo sezulu asizinzile, ehlobo lokushisa okungenakubekezela kubusa.

Ehlane, elisezintabeni zaseKazakhstan, kunehlobo elide elishisayo, elomile kakhulu lomoya, ubusika obukhulu.

Ukukhulula

Mayelana nokukhululeka, ngingathanda ukuphawula ukuthi indawo yaseKazakhstan inani elingu-¾ elihlala emathafeni. Empumalanga naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ungabona imigqa ye-Altai, iTien Shan, i-Dzhungar Alatau. Ngasentshonalanga, i- lowland yaseCaspian itholakala. Maphakathi nezwe kukhona uhlelo lwezintaba lwe-Kazakh melkopesochnika.

Imithombo yamanzi

Ngokuphathelene nemithombo yamanzi, ngingathanda ukusho ukuthi kunezigodi ezingaba ngu-8.5 000 ezincane nezinkulu eKazakhstan. I-Irtysh, iTobol, Ishim igeleza ngasenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga. Futhi ensimini yezwe yi -Ural, Ili, Syrdarya imifula. Ehlobo, imifula eminingi emaphakathi naphakathi imifula ngenxa yesimo sezulu esomile.

I-Caspian Sea isendaweni yezwe. Ukujula kwalo ku-5-7 amamitha. Ngaphezu kwensimu yaseKazakhstan, uLwandle lwaseCaspian lunezindawo ezithile eRussia, e-Iran, eTurkmenistan nase-Azerbaijan.

Amachibi angama-48 ayizinkulungwane ezahlukene asemkhakheni we-republic. Okukhulu kunazo zonke yiBalkhash, i-Zaisan, iTengiz, i-Aral Sea, i-Alakol.

Ukuphila kwezilwane nezitshalo

Kuzo zonke izifunda zaseKazakhstan ungabona umhlaba wezilwane nesitshalo owuphawu lwawo kuphela. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni zezinyoni ezingu-480 zathola indawo yazo e-republic, izilwane ezincelisayo ezingu-155, izinhlanzi ezingu-150. Ehlane nasemadolobheni angama-semi, ungathola izilwane ezinwabuzelayo nezinambuzane. E-steppe live saiga, iphephe, ingulube, i-hare, ama-rodents, i-fox, i-jackal. Emagcekeni ezwe, ama-swans, amahansi, ama-seagull, amadada, ama-flamingos. Ezintabeni ungathola izingwe zeqhwa, izimbuzi zezintaba, amabhere, izinqama, izinyamazane, izinyoni eziningi.

Ngokuqondene nomfula, lapha ungabona futhi ukuhlukahluka. Engxenyeni yaseKazakhstan ikhule umjunipha, ihlathi le-coniferous, i-birch, i-apula, i-aspen. Iziqhingi zihlukaniswa nemifudlana yase-alpine kanye ne-subalpine, nezindawo zasemadolobheni nezindawo eziwuhlaza okwenziwe ngamasongo, okusanhlamvu, utshani-ukolweni, izitshalo ezinomhlonyane. Eningizimu yeRiphabhulikhi ungabona isibonelo esiyingqayizivele semifino - i-citrine, noma umhlonyane we-santonin.

Izibalo zabantu

Indawo yaseKazakhstan (sq. Km) yi-2 724 000, leli zwe lihlala endaweni yesishiyagalolunye emhlabeni ngalokhu. Ngabantu, i-republic iyindawo engama-60. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi abantu baseRiphabhulikhi yaseKazakhstan kufanele bafanelane nobukhulu bezwe lendawo. Ngakho-ke, namuhla kunabantu abangaphezu kuka-17 098 500 abahlala lapha. Kuvela ukuthi ngesikwele esingu-1. I-Km lapho kukhona abantu abangu-6 kuphela.

Imingcele yeKazakhstan - neRussia, iTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, eChina. Kungokwemvelo ukuthi amaKazakh, amaRussia, ama-Ukrainians, ama-Ubeks, ama-Uighur, amaJalimane, amaTatars ahlala ensimini yezwe. Imingcele yeKazakhstan, ungabona kanjani emephini kulesi sihloko.

Izindawo ezithakazelisayo

I-Kazakhstan idume ngezindawo zayo ezithakazelisayo. Abaningi babiza leli zwe imyuziyamu evulekile. Ezweni ungajabulela ukubukwa okubukeka kahle kakhulu nezikhumbuzo zomlando.

Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu ufuna ukuvakashela iLake Burabai esifundeni saseKokshetau, esinezigcawu; Zizwe ubuhle bemifula e- alpine ye- Trans-Ili Alatau nezindawo ezibabazekayo ze-canyon eMfuleni waseCyryn.

Omunye wemadolobha amahle kakhulu u-Almaty. Itholakala ngaphansi kweTrans-Ili Alatau. I-Almaty idonsela abavakashi nge-original design ensembles. Akukude nomuzi kunendawo ehlukile yendawo, lapho kunezinkulungwane ezingama-90 zamahektha.

Eningizimu yeKazakhstan, ungabona amathuna amaningi amakhosi akwaSo. Lokhu kungcwatshwa kuthiwa yi-Iron Age. Ububanzi bayo bungaphezu kwamamitha angu-104, nokuphakama - amamitha ayi-17 noma ngaphezulu. Ayikho indawo e-Eurasia ingaziqhenya ngokuqoqwa okukhulu kwamatshe okugcoba amakhosi.

Ukufika eKazakhstan, zonke izivakashi ziphoqelekile ukuba zivakashele amadolobha alandelayo, ozotshela umlando wabo nomlando wokubunjwa kwezwe:

• Astana.
• Almaty.
• Aktau.
• Aktobe.
• Atyrau.
• I-Baikonur.
• Balkhash.
• Borovoye.
• Zhezkazgan.
• I-Karaganda.
• I-Kokshetau.
• Kostanay.
• Kyzylorda.
• I-Pavlodar.
• Petropavlovsk.
• Semey.
• Taldykorgan.
• Taraz.
• I-Turkestan.
• I-Uralsk.
• Ust-Kamenogorsk.
• I-Shymkent.

Amasiko

Amaholide omphakathi yi:

• 8 Mashi;
• 22 Mashi;
• 1 Januwari;
• 30 Agasti;
• 16 Disemba;
• 1 Meyi;
• 9 Meyi;
• 6 kuJulayi.

Njengoba indawo yaseKazakhstan inkulu kakhulu futhi abantu bezinkolo ezahlukene bahlala kuyo, uRamadan Ait no-Kurban Ait bangamaholide angokwenkolo.

Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi izakhamuzi zaseRiphabliki ngabantu abanomusa kakhulu. Ungafika kumaKazakh ngaphandle kwememo, futhi umninikhaya uyojabula kakhulu. Phakathi kwezici zezici zamaKazakhs, ukubekezelelana, ukuthula, ukuhlonishwa kwabadala kuvelele. Zonke lezi zimfanelo zikhuliswe kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngakho-ke kwakungaze kube khona ukungezwani noma ukungqubuzana kwenkolo kuhulumeni.

Nakuba e-Kazakhstan amasiko abantu abahlukahlukene ahlangene, iningi lazakhamuzi zezwe likhuluma isiRashiya. Eminyakeni yamuva, isiKazakh nesiNgisi sezithandwa kakhulu. Izakhamuzi zezwe zingabizwa ngokuthi "Kazakhs" noma "Kazakhs". Nakuba, njengemikhonyovu yamazwe omhlaba, igama elithi "Kazakhs" lisasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe.

Ubuhlobo bomhlaba wonke

IKazakhstan igcina ubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe nabo bonke abameleli be-UN. Abalingani abakhulu bamazwe ase-state yi-European Union, i-United States, i-China, i- Middle East ne-Russian Federation.

Kusukela ngo-2005, i-republic yaqala ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zezomnotho nezamasiko neYakutia, eTatarstan, Chuvashia, eBashkortostan, eChina. Uhulumeni ubambisana ne-OSCE, i-CAC, uMkhandlu wamazwe aseTurkey, i-Organization of Islamic Cooperation, i-CSTO, i-CIS, i-EurAsEC, i-SCO, i-CICA, njll.

IRiphabhulikhi ithatha ingxenye yokusebenza okuningi kokugcina ukuthula. Ngakho-ke, ama-sappers aseKazakhstan akwazi ukunciphisa izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5 e-Iraq. Futhi, uhulumeni unikeza usizo lwezezimali emazweni afana ne-Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, eTajikistan.

Ukusebenzisana neRussian Federation, iKazakhstan ibambisana ngokulandela i-Customs Union, ihlonipha isivumelwano sobambiswano sokuphepha, kubhekwa njengelungu lelungu le-CIS. Ubudlelwane neRiphabhuliki Yabantu baseChina buba nobungane futhi buvale.

Mayelana nokubambisana kwezomnotho, kungashiwo ukuthi uhulumeni walandela inqubomgomo esebenzayo namazwe e-CIS, ngoba indawo yeKazakhstan ivumela lokhu. Ngokuphathelene nombono wezwe, kungashiwo ukuthi uhulumeni uye wazama njalo ukungathathi hlangothi.

I-Kazakhstan, izwe elinqobile ukwethenjwa kwamanye amazwe, selithathe insimu ethile emphakathini wamazwe omhlaba. Idume ngokuzinza kwayo emnothweni, geopolitics kanye namasiko.