AmaJuda aneholide yamaviki onke, egujwa njalo ngoLwesihlanu ngokushona kwelanga. Ibizwa ngokuthi "Shabbat shalom", okusho ukuthi "Sawubona, ngoMgqibelo". Wonke umJuda uthinta ngenhlonipho usuku lwesithupha lwesonto, elikhumbuza umgomo ongokomoya empilweni. Sizothola, Shabbat - luhlobo luni lweholidi futhi ligujwa kanjani ku-Israyeli.
"NgoMgqibelo onokuthula"
I-Shabbat Shalom iyisidlo sakusihlwa ngoLwesihlanu esinikezelwe iSabatha. Kungani lolu suku lwesonto lubhekwa njengingcwele kumaJuda? Ngoba ingenye yezisekelo zomunye wabantu bamaJuda. Lolu suku olungcwele lukhumbuza amaJuda ukuthi babeyizigqila eGibhithe. Kodwa kamuva, oPhezukonke wahola abantu baphuma lapho, ukuze bathole iTorah eSinayi. UMgqibelo uwuphawu lokuphuma kwamaJuda ebugqilini obungokwenyama nokuthola inkululeko engokomoya. Ukugubha iSabatha kubuye kugcwaliseke ngokuqondile ngamaJuda omyalo kaNkulunkulu wesi-4: " Khumbulani ukuhlwa kweSabatha ukuyingcwelisa. Izinsuku ezingu-6 zisebenza, futhi usuku lwama-7 lunikezelwa oPhezukonke ... "NgomJuda ongokwenkolo," usuku lokuphumula "lubaluleke kakhulu - iSabatha. Iyini leli pholide lika-Israyeli? Kungashiwo ukuthi u-Israyeli "umi" ku-Shabbat. NgoMgqibelo, i-polyclinics, ama-ejensi kahulumeni nezitolo eziningi azisebenzi kuleli lizwe. Ukuthuthwa komphakathi akuhambi emigwaqeni yakwa-Israyeli kusukela ngo-3: 00 ebusuku (kusukela ebusika) futhi kusukela ngo-4 ntambama (ehlobo) njalo ngoLwesihlanu. Abantu bangafika endaweni kuphela ngetekisi, esebenza ngokunyuka (ngoMgqibelo).
Bawugubha kanjani iholidi?
ISabatha lamaJuda lalikhona naseGibhithe lasendulo. AmaJuda ayesebugqilini baseGibhithe athola imvume yokuphumula ngoMgqibelo. Futhi sonke sibonga kuMozisi. Wakhulela emndenini kaFaro. Kwase kuyiminyaka embalwa uMozisi ebuka umsebenzi oduduzayo wabafowabo. Wabahawukela, futhi waphendukela kuFaro ngesicelo sokunikeza izigqila ngosuku lokuphumula ngesonto. UFaro wavuma. Ngakho-ke, uSabbat ukhumbuza amaJuda hhayi nje ngomyalo wesine woPhezukonke, kodwa nangomphumela ovela ebugqilini baseGibhithe. Ukulungiselela iholide kuqale ngoLwesihlanu. Kusihlwa, ekushoneni kwelanga, wonke umndeni ubuthana ukuze udle ukudla. I-shabbat igcina usuku: kusukela ekushoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu kuya kuMgqibelo ofanayo (isici samaholide amaJuda). Owesifazane ulungiselela leli holide; Ubuye ukhanyise amakhandlela ngaphambi kokuthi "Ukuthula ngoMgqibelo".
Kusihlwa kweholidi
Iholide enkulu yakwa-Israyeli yi-Shabbat. Kuyini, sikwazi ukuthola. Sizofunda ukuthi amaJuda alungiselela kanjani "iSabatha lezokuthula". E-Israyeli, owesifazane ubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhanya kwendlu." Unendima ebalulekile ekulungiseleleni iShabbat. AmaJuda anesiko elidala leminyaka - ihhavini yeholidi elikhulu le-chala. Owesifazane, ebhaka isinkwa sempesheni ngezandla zakhe, wenza omunye wama-mitzvahs angcwele. Ukulungiselela iholide kuqale ngoLwesihlanu ekuseni. Owesifazane uqala ukulungiselela ukudla kanye nezitsha ezihlukahlukene etafuleni. Ngokwenza kanjalo, uzama ukudla okuphekiwe. Kodwa kufanele akwenze kahle: ungadli ukudla, kepha ugxume ukudla, ukhulume nge-Brachi. Itafula lokugcoba kufanele limbozwe ngendwangu yetafula kuze kube sekupheleni kweholide (mhlawumbe imhlophe). Ngaphambi kwe-shabbat wonke umuntu nongowesifazane wesifazane bageza noma eshaweni. Uma kunesikhathi esincane ngaphambi kweholidi, khona-ke izandla kanye nobuso kuphela kuvunyelwe ukugeza ngamanzi.
Ukukhanya kwekhandlela
Lo mkhosi ongcwele uqhutshwa abesifazane abangamaJuda. Ukukhanyisa amakhandlela eShabbat kwenziwa ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile nokuzinikela. Lo mkhuba uletha ukuthula nokuvumelana emakhaya amaJuda. Abesifazane abagubha iholidi ekhaya bavame ukukhanyisa amabhandlela angu-2 ngqo etafuleni lokugubha noma eduze. Ngezinye izikhathi izibani zamafutha zisetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho . Iqiniso lokuthi umsikazi ubeka amakhandlela akusho ukuqala kweSabatha kumndeni. Bangakwazi ukwenza izinto zabo ezivamile. Kodwa owesifazane kusukela kulo mzuzu akanalo ilungelo lokwenza umsebenzi adle ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Amakhandlela akufanele avule kungakapheli imizuzu engu-18 ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Awukwazi ukususwa kusuka endaweni eya endaweni. Ku-Shabbat, amakhandlela amade athengwa ukuze akhonze kuze kube sekupheleni kwesidlo semikhosi.
Ukudla kwesabatha
Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezivelele zeholide. Umndeni ubuthana etafuleni likaLwesihlanu, lapho amabhandlela asevutha khona. Amakhaya kanye nezivakashi kufanele bahlale etafuleni lokugcoba ngendlela enhle, bekhohlwa ngezinkinga zokuphila kwansuku zonke nokukhathazeka. Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukudla, amaJuda ahlabelela "Shalom Aleichem", azinikele i Kiddush futhi ahlanze izandla. Kufika iSabatha. Isikhathi sokuqala saso lishona ngoLwesihlanu. Umndeni wonke uqala ukudla, okufanele ube nokudla okungcono kakhulu: inhlanzi, inyama kanye nezidlo ezihlukahlukene. Etafuleni kunezinhlamvu ezimbili, lapho iSabatha lifika. Iyini futhi kungani idliwa ngobukhulu obuphindwe kabili? I-Halas isinkwa esimhlophe, esilungiselwe "iSabatha Lokuthula" owesifazane ongumJuda. Izitsha ezimbili zokudla isinkwa zifakwa etafuleni ngenkumbulo yemana yasezulwini uMninimandla onke anike amaJuda lapho ebuya eGibhithe ehlane. Ngalolo suku, uNkulunkulu wabanika abantu besinkwa sasezulwini kabili. Manna isinkwa sasezulwini. Ngeholidi leSabatha, uhlotshaniswa ne-chala. Ngesikhathi sokudla kwemikhosi, amaJuda ahlabelela izingoma zeSabatha. Kukholelwa ukuthi ngesikhathi seSabatha endlini kumele kulawulwe umoya wokujabula nokuthula. Wonke umuntu ohlangene etafuleni lokugubha, khuluma ngezenzakalo zeviki lamanje noma utshele izindaba ezithakazelisayo ezivela ekuphileni.
Shalom!
AmaJuda ayabingelelana, ekhuluma igama elithi "shalom". Ekuhunyushweni, kusho "ukuphelela." Ngakho-ke, "shalom" ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle kwekhwalithi yangaphakathi engcono nesimo somuntu. Ukuphelela lapha akuhlotshaniswa nemingcele yangokwenyama, kodwa umuntu ubeka isimo esingokomoya. Ngakho-ke, emihlanganweni amaJuda athi "Shalom!", Ngaleyo ndlela bafuna ukuphelelana okungokomoya. Igama elifanayo lisetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi kungani iSabatha linalo igama - "Shabbat shalom!". AmaJuda athi "iSabatha lokuthula" ngumkhosi omkhulu kakhulu u-Israyeli angaziqhenya ngawo. I-Shabbat isiza abantu bamaJuda ukuthi bayakuqonda ukuthi empilweni kunezindinganiso eziphakeme kunezimpahla zasemhlabeni kanye nokufuna inzuzo yezinto ezibonakalayo. I-Shabbat isifundisa ukuba siphile kuze kube nini nanini ubungcwele. Futhi labo abahlonipha iSabatha bayothola umvuzo ngokufanele. " Ngaphezu kwamaJuda agcina iSabatha, iSabatha laligcina amaJuda ."