Isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza

Lapho Xerox Corporation wethula yokuqala isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza yekhompyutha yakho Alto, ngokuqinisekile kwakukhona abagxeki abaningi ngubani isinqumo kwakubonakala aluhlaza cwe. Ngaphambi ukuthi amakhompyutha uyesaba abasebenzisi ongenakho okuhlangenwe nakho ukuba "inyoni" yayo ulimi umugqa wemiyalo mayelana nanoma ikuphi ukwehla izidakamizwa n noma phuzu bese uchofoza, ngisho inkulumo yayingekho, futhi konke ukuxhumana nge umshini kwenziwa ngokufaka imiyalo kusukela ikhibhodi.

Kodwa lokhu kwashintsha kakhulu lapho abamqoka IT ngesikhathi emakethe (kwaba 70s kwekhulu elidlule) abangu ziqiniseke ukuthi ingcaca interface yomsebenzisi - akusiwona nje lula umsebenzi wabasebenzi Ochwepheshe, kodwa futhi indlela enhle kakhulu lokubakhipha kukhompyutha ubuchwepheshe abasebenzisi ongaqeqeshiwe. Nokuwufundisa version PC lokhu kuba lula kakhulu. Ngakho, i-isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza Ngakho uma kukhona okusunguliwe, okuyinto waqala ukwakha emakethe computer siqu emhlabeni. Omunye shudders ukucabanga ukuthi bekuyokwenzekani uma akekho oye ngiyicabange zonke isixazululo manje sobala.

Ngakho lokho kuyinto GUI? Lena indlela ukuze uxhumane umshini womuntu, lapho esikhundleni imiyalo kusukela izenzo control ikhibhodi eyenziwa idivayisi ekhethekile (ngokuvamile yenza indima yayo igundane). Inkhulumomphendvulwano kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa amamenyu, amafasitela, kanye nezinkinobho, panel ahlukahlukene nezinye izakhi.

Ngomqondo elisetshenziswe ngawo okuqinile "esibonakalayo" - umlamuleli, umsebenzi wakhe - ukubonisa zonke izici OS nokulawula izakhi i kuyaqondakala ngabantu ifomu graphic. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-Windows esibonakalayo ilula kangaka futhi kufinyeleleke ukuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani isimiso, kodwa ukuqonda butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi balo bayakwazi ngamunye.

Uma thina ukulawula ikhompyutha igundane, kudingeka sibe izenzo ezitholakalayo ezifana:

- kwesokunxele chofoza - okukodwa nge kwesokunxele inkinobho yegundane kwi-elementi esibonakalayo;

- uchofoza kwesokudla - okukodwa kwesokudla inkinobho noma isici;

- chofoza kabili - chofoza kabili main (ngokuvamile ngakwesokunxele) inkinobho yegundane nge isikhathi esincane phakathi ukuchofoza ezimbili;

- ukuhudula (ukuhudula) - ezihambayo izinto besebenzisa izakhiwo kubo pointer igundane bese uchofoze inkinobho kwesokunxele bese ubambe sonke isikhathi leyo nto udonse.

On lokho izakhi sehlukaniswe Windows GUI?

Okokuqala - kungcono desktop yakho. Uma OS ukulayishwa, sibona Desk, zonke imifanekiso nezinqamuleli izinhlelo umboko wayo. Zonke amawindi avuliwe phezu kwalo.

Icons. Noma yimuphi ifayela, hlelo, noma idokhumenti Windows kuboniswa isithonjana. Ukubulawa kuhlelo kabili ngokucindezela isithonjana. Futhi lolu hlelo kungenziwa akhiwe kudeskithophu, futhi angaluboni ejulile kakhulu, bese uyiqalisa isuka ishothikhathi ukuthi ikhono lokubona izinto kusengaphambili ukuboniswa kudeskithophu.

Mark - kungcono isithonjana ukuthi nakuba uhlelo ayikanye, kodwa uyazi lapho agcinwe futhi uyakwazi ukhombe kule ndawo. Badges, ngokungafani amalebula akudingeki umcibisholo lesokunxele ngezansi. Qhafaza kabili izinqamuleli, siqalisa uhlelo kulula njengoba uma thina uchofoze isithonjana yayo.

Yemisebenzi - isiqeshana eside ikhona, ngokuvamile ezansi (atholakala elingenhla, kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla, ngokusho ukunambitheka yomsebenzisi) kwesikrini. On ke ungathola "Qala" inkinobho, iwashi futhi izici ezibonwayo ukuthi sibonise izinhlelo okwamanje egijima kwi computer.

Futhi yini ebaluleke kakhulu lapho lo GUI-Windows ufunde - ukuthi iwindi, ngoba zonke izinhlelo ziyadingeka ukusebenzisa emafasiteleni.

Nokho, naphezu umphumela cabanga ngempikiswano esaqhubeka mayelana nokuthi ubani has Microsoft waboleka ikakhulukazi design isici noma wonke umqondo kokusetshenziswa kubonwa okufana okuyinto wethiwa igama elithi "i-Windows", lokhu OS isibe ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ake zonke eziyisisekelo esibonakalayo izixazululo, okuyinto ezisetshenziswa kuwo, abangu washayelwa Kudala 1970 Xerox onjiniyela. Kodwa-Japanese awawamemezelanga PC zabo ezweni, kungagcini izinkulungwane ezimbalwa izingcezu ukusetshenziswa yakhe siqu, kwathi abanye, kuhlanganise Apple kanye Microsoft, baye baqala ukuthuthukisa le entsha ingxenye emakethe.