Amalahle Brown. Izimayini zamalahle. I lignite ensimini

Sebenzisa ansundu akuyona ovamile ngakho kuqhathaniswa lwaso lwamatshe Analogue, kodwa izindleko ongaphakeme Ukushisa kubangela ukuhlobana kanjalo ezimbiwa phansi phakathi kubhayela amancane ngasese. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani lokhu zohlobo yaziwa nangokuthi lignite, nakuba kuyaqabukela behlukene ngezigaba jikelele kwamalahle. Ngokuphathelene injongo-ke, isibonelo, eJalimane isetshenziswa ukuze awunikeze umusi izitshalo amandla lignite eGreece ikuvumela ukuba ukhiqize kufika ku-50%. Kodwa futhi okwandile njengoba uhlobo fuel okuqinile, le nto has, okungenani ngesimo yithuluzi ezimele.

Ukwaziswa Okumayelana lignite

Lignite kuyinto mass aminyene idwala-like yokukhanya-brown noma black. kungabonwa isakhiwo yemifino izinkuni phezu sihlolisisa. Amalahle kubhayela brown uyaphakama kunalokho ngokushesha lapho kukhululwa umule nokuhogela eyinqaba bokusha. Ngokuphathelene Ukwakheka, kwakhiwa umlotha, isibabule, carbon, i-hydrogen ne-oksijini it is. Ukungcola sihambisana zakhi ekhona nezinye izinhlobo amalahle.

Ngokusho ukwakheka okubalulekile, iningi kulezi iphathelene humites. Transitional Sapropelite futhi humus inclusions zenzeka ngesimo izingqimba kule idiphozithi yanoma humites. Esikhathini imicengezi lignite microcomponents babeqoqana ka vitrinite. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izingxenye umlotha emikhakheni siyisinqumo esinzima kunazo zonke ukubala. Ukuze ukubala ezishisayo ukusebenza kutuswa ukuxhumana amatafula ekhethekile futhi uqhathanise izici zohlobo imishini idatha kubhayela.

Umsuka imali

Imali ezinkulu sici Mesozoic-Cenozoic inhlabathi. Ku-Lower Carboniferous idiphozithi yanoma umcengezi eMoscow kungathiwa okuhlukile. ezifakwa European ogxile ezihambisana enezingxenye Neogene- isikhathi Paleogenic, futhi e-Asia ubuswa kwesigubhu Jurassic. izinsalela zamathambo lingandile kwesikhathi Cretaceous. amasheya Russian nazo esikhathini esiningi material kusuka inhlabathi Jurassic. Kwenqwaba izisetshenziswa amanga ngesikhathi ukujula engajulile (10-60 m). Ngenxa yalesi isici kungaba izimayini zamalahle evulekile, nakuba kukhona iziteshi eziyinkinga up 200 meters. Eyinhloko impahla eluhlaza for kumiswa lignite owake wakhonza njengomdala lezihlahla kanye zezihlahla, Peat kanye pyalpy. Nokunonophala carbon ngenxa yokuthi inqubo noqhekeko kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi futhi ngaphandle ukufinyelela air. Futhi izinkuni isisekelo ngesikhathi esifanayo isihlabathi nobumba, ngawo igxathu eliya phambili ezifakwa ukuguqulwa yakha graphite.

izimayini zamalahle

Russia ngokuya ukukhiqizwa lignite zibalwa yesihlanu. Mayelana 75% izinsiza Imininingwane etholakalayo izinkampani ezimbonini kanye namandla, kanti bonke abanye isetshenziswa embonini chemical nelesimbi. Futhi, ingxenye encane athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. yokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ukukhiqizwa ngqo e iyakhumbula jikelele nezindlela zokusebenza nezinye izinhlobo imali carbonaceous. Kodwa izimayini zamalahle umbala onsundu kunezinzuzo zako. Njengoba lokhu zohlobo kuyinto ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, inani elikhulu umthombo akhishwa endle. Kuze kube manje, le ndlela iyona ngempumelelo kakhulu, ephephile futhi ezishibhile. Nokho, kusukela umbono ngemvelo akusiyo indlela engcono kakhulu isizinda, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni emigodini ejulile akuhileli yinqwaba enkulu okuthiwa overburden.

ezifakwa enkulu

Uma sikhuluma neRussia, ngobukhulu ansundu ezifakwa kuba Soltonsky ngasezinkwalini eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lena komthombo amalahle, ise-Altai. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lokhu idiphozi iqukethe abangaba yizigidi ezingu-250 amathani idwala. Futhi it is futhi Kan-Achinsky multikilometer pool ansundu, okuyinto Itholakala Krasnoyarsk esifundeni ezaziwayo. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, ukukhiqizwa kwenziwa i ubuchwepheshe evulekile. ezifakwa Abaningana impela othembisayo lignite iphinde ithuthukiswe eJalimane, okuyinto umphakeli elikhulu amalahle e-Europe. Iningi izenzakalo ezinkulu zenzeka IMpumalanga Jalimane, lapho amachibi Central isiJalimane Lauzitsky. Ngokwemibiko ethile, lezi ezifakwa aqukethe amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-80. Njengoba e-Russia, e-specialists German siholwa indlela evulekile zokukhiqiza, badonswa, baphuma ezibizayo Shaft indlela.

Izindleko lignite

Ngokwe-izici qualitative ansundu itshe ilahlekelwa uzakwabo ngaphezulu ajwayelekile. Kodwa, kunezici eziningana kwenza ukuba kancane ukukhulisa ukufuneka isisetshenziswa kancane ezikhangayo. Phakathi kwabo singakwazi ukusho inani lapho lignite loluphelele. Inani kuyahlukahluka ngokwesilinganiso ruble 800 kuya 1200. I-1 ton. Ayanda ukubaluleka calorific ayanda inani layo likwenza ubone. Ukuze uqhathanise, ton kwamalahle angathengwa at ruble kakhulu ayizinkulungwane 2,000 .. Njengoba sekushiwo, ezicashile ezisebenza kubhayela usebenzisa lignite namanje ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo abantu abaningi. Kodwa abahlinzeki impahla qualitative baphakathi amakhasimende kanye nezinkampani amandla, futhi ingxenye ukusetshenziswa ngabanye.

isiphetho

Ukuphela umthengi lignite kungenziwa enikeziwe ifomu Okunokubuka noma unsorted. Njengoba-ke fuel ngokuvamile yasekhaya esetshenziselwa omlilo of ziyacolwa, futhi izimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi Metallurgical yenziwa koksobrikety. Ngenxa izindleko zalo ongaphakeme futhi kwasakazwa imali enkulu ansundu akuyona indawo yokugcina ohlwini likufuna fuel izinto. Nokho, sinombono okwandisa kuhle kwegezi Ukushisa izinhlelo izidingo neziqondiso kwemvelo izinto zokusetshenziswa eqinile olunjalo luya luba muhle kangako. Emazweni amaningi, ukusetshenziswa ansundu lilinganiselwe nezidingo zokukhiqiza, kodwa eRussia kanye eJalimane izibonelo uqinisekise zohlobo nokuhlobana ngokuya ukusetshenziswa umthengi.