Yiziphi oda we Crusaders elisungulwe emazweni yanqoba? EziMpini Zokholo nemiphumela yako

EziMpini Zokholo benziwa izakhamuzi Western Europe ku 11-15 eminyaka th AD, futhi umgomo wabo ukuguquka izizwe ezingamaqaba ezaziwazungezile ebuKristwini noma ukudedela amathempelana Christian ejokeni infidels.

Qala ukuhamba eziMpini Zenkolo

Ngo-March 1095 Wadlulela uMkhandlu waseClermont, ngemva kwalokho Pope Urban ngokuthi baseYurophu ukuya East. Izizathu zalokhu ukunyakaza ecabange ukusweleka kokudla abantu Europe kanye isidingo ukuthatha izindawo Christian ongcwele kwabeZizwe. Ngakho waqala ukwakha i the Order of the Crusaders, okwadingeka ukuya mashi kwabezizwe futhi yakhuthaza abantu abavamile ukuze ujoyine.

Ama-Movie zakhiwa eminyakeni 1095-1290 ukuze bathumba iJerusalema, okuyinto kwaku Lethuna Elingcwele. Ngalezo zinsuku, amaKristu alwa abaseTurkey, ne amaqaba emazweni aseBaltic kanye Eastern lwamaSlav, ababethi uhlobo esihlukile sobuKristu. Pope Urban II wenza ideologue okuqina yomkhankaso ngokumelene abaseTurkey, bonke labo bavumelana ukulwa ngasohlangothini kwakhe, wathembisa ukuqedwa ephelele isimo izikweleti zazo futhi umhlalaphansi nemindeni yabo, abasala e-Europe. Abantu zibuswe yakhe babebaningi, futhi ngenxa yalokho ayehlasela Crusaders eMpumalanga zenzeka.

Imiphumela umkhankaso wokuqala

Njengoba umqondo uPapa Urban sabiwa hhayi kuphela Knights nabakhulu abantu abavamile, bese baya East bayibutho elikhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, iJerusalema linqotshwa e 1099 waba unyaka owasungula umbuso eJerusalema.

Intshiseko kubahlanganyeli impi okugqugquzelwa futhi izindaba abaseTurkey benqoba iJerusalema, bephathwa kabi ama-pilgrim Christian futhi abacindezela kubo.

Waba yinkosi zokuqala ezahlala eJerusalema Baldwin, umfowabo umholi Yenkolo, uGodfrey ka Bouillon. Wanezela emasimini akhe e Beirut naseSidoni. Baldwin ngokuyinhloko obangela Crusaders lokho oda elisungulwe emazweni yanqotshwa. Ngakho, lapha ezihlukahlukene amaNtaliyane okunethezekile abanikwe imvume ukudayisa futhi izimbobo evulekile. I-oda wabheka Knights, ngubani kulombuso wavula ngokulandelana kwazo.

Okunye eziMpini Zenkolo uthi

UMbuso eJerusalema wayengekho isimo kuphela wadala kwamabutho ezimpi zokholo. Kule nkathi babusekelwe esiFundeni Edessa, Antiyokiya ubukhulu, Tripoli County. Kwakukhona-Order of Knights of St John the Crusaders.

Ubukhulu of Antiyokiya matasa ogwini Mediterranean, futhi kwakuhloselwe labantu acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu. Namanje wahlala khona le Crusaders, owayevela Italy kanye eNormandy.

EsiFundeni Edessa uvele 1098, futhi kwavela umhlaba ekuqaleni eyayihlala Armenia. Lokhu County kukhona indawo enkulu, kodwa akazange ukufinyelela imizimba amanzi. Izakhamuzi kwakunabamemezeli abangaba ngu-10 000 abantu. County kwadingeka insimu ngaphansi kwesizwe. I eziMpini Zenkolo uthi, ibalazwe okwakukhona kusukela ababusi Muslim, lapho saba sifushane.

I ikota yokuqala yekhulu weshumi nambili kwaphawulwa yokuthi ubunikazi Crusaders anda. Ngo 1100 kaKristu, ngiwuthumbile umuzi Tripoli futhi eKhesariya, Acre ngemva kweminyaka emibili lathunjwa. Ngemva kwalokho-ke sidalwe Tripoli County. Esahlukweni kwakhe ebonakaliswe Bertrand, Bala of Toulouse. Yiziphi oda we Crusaders elisungulwe emazweni ayenqotshiwe, kungaba liyokwahlulelwa indlela emadolobheni amaningi ashiswa, futhi babulawa Kubantu abaningi bendawo.

Ukuncipha zombuso eJerusalema

Sokuthuthwa kwempahla kule ndawo iphutha ngesikhathi sokubusa Balduina Edesskogo. Wabalwa umuntu, izinhloso Christian inkolo oqaphelayo, nomkakhe - koroleva Melisenda - nendodana. Indodana yakhe Baldwin baba umthetho wesithathu embusweni ngemva kokushona kukayise. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-eziMpini Zenkolo uthi eMpumalanga lwabuthana futhi waba kuwumgogodla lwenkolo yobuKristu. Okwesithathu waba yindlalifa Baldwin Baldwin lesine.

Kusukela 1185 waqala ukwehla zombuso. Ushintshe i ababusi eziningana. Ngo 1189 emkhathizwe kulombuso livela Salahaddin umbusi nebutho lakhe Islamic. Bathatha e ukuvinjezelwa kweJerusalema, okuyinto efihla eziningi amaKristu nombaleki. Ngemva ukuthunjwa edolobheni izakhamuzi zakhona basinda, kodwa kwadingeka bakhokhe isihlengo. Musa isihlengo baba yizigqila. Abantu bendawo ukhumbule lokho oda esungulwe Crusaders emazweni ayenqotshiwe, futhi-ke beba semathubeni kuhambile ngaphansi kokubusa Muslim Sultan.

Ngo-1229, Korol Fridrih II ngesikhathi edolobheni emuva ku kwelifa loonyana amaKristu. Kodwa ngokushesha amaSulumane embamba futhi, futhi 1285 Knights zokugcina ukubaleka eKhupro, abaleka eJerusalema Muslim emashalofini. A indima enkulu ukuthunjwa eJerusalema kudlalwa Mamluk Sultan Baybars. Crusaders belwa amaSulumane yayithatha izinsuku ezintathu.

Crusade Wezingane

Omunye Amakhasi ebanga usizi kunazo zonke eziMpini Zokholo kuyinto Crusade weZingane, okwaqala ngo-1212. Ngo kwelinye lala madolobhana French uvele umalusi Stefan, owamemezela okuthiwa kuphela kungenzeka ngosizo izingane ukukhulula Lethuna Elingcwele, futhi bakhuthaza izingane ukuya eJerusalema. Ngenxa yalokho, wakwazi ukuqoqa kufika ku abalandeli izinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu.

Isiphetho alandelayo nowokudatshukelwa yabo kwakhiwa: abanye babulawa izinhlekelele ezihlukahlukene, abanye abangu ebugqilini. Abaningi zafela endleleni. Ngemva kwalokho, uPapa libakhululile ezifungweni crusading, uhlehlise nokuqaliswa kwalo waze waba mdala yabo.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la Zokholo eMpumalanga Ephakathi

Ithonya Zokholo emlandweni nomnotho emazweni ahlukahlukene kuyadida. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yalokhu kwaba khona ukwanda emadolobheni Italian lapho ukuhweba isungule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umnotho nempucuko yaseSiriya neyasePalestina babe ziyawohloka. Okuningi kwakuxhomeke Crusaders lokho oda elisungulwe emazweni yanqotshwa.

ESiriya nasePalestina bahlupheka ngenxa kuphangwa we Crusaders, emadolobheni amaningi babhujiswa futhi zishiswe. Amadolobha ezifana Edessa, Ashikeloni Qaisar, ekugcineni wangena la mavangeli. Ngo 1227 ekugcineni wabhubhisa Tinnis, idolobha lesithathu ngobukhulu we-ke eGibhithe. Ekupheleni kwekhulu nantathu ingxenye elisogwini Palestine kwaba ezweni ebhuqiwe, lapho kungekho muntu owayeke alokothe ukuze wehlise umoya.

izikhungo Abaningi wezandla yaseSiriya neyasePalestina abangu phakade, ubhubhe neze abuyiselwe, futhi abantu wasuka lapho waya eGibhithe.