Old Arbat: mbukwane. Old Arbat, eMoscow: umlando kanye nezithombe

Moscow - kungcono idolobha esimangalisayo nesifundisayo, futhi zonke isihambi uzothola okuthile lapha ukuze ukunambitheka yakho: ukuzijabulisa, iminyuziyamu kanye ezikhangayo. Old Arbat Street - yezindawo eziyinhloko ukuthi zonke izivakashi kumele owabona inhloko-dolobha yaseRussia. Kukhona namanje walondoloza umoya eMoscow ubudala, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ekhethekile, umkhathi bohemian, okuyinto kudala charm kule ndawo.

indaba

Moscow - umuzi wasendulo, ahlukahlukene, mikhulu kakhulu. Izivakashi njalo ufuna ukuthola indawo lapho kuyoba eziningi ezithakazelisayo futhi iqukethe izinto eziningi ezikhangayo. Old Arbat, umlando lapho uya okungenani ngekhulu le-15, ikuvumela ukuba ubone kwezinkathi zomlando eziningana, ukuzizwa umoya eMoscow ubudala, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthenga izinto eziyizikhumbuzo azidle. Mhlawumbe yingakho abahambi kakhulu ngemva Red Square ngokuvamile bathutheleka Arbat.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala endaweni watholakala emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke 1493, uchaza ukuthi umlilo abesabekayo esele ku-amakhandlela isonto. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-18 igama elithi "Arbat" ngokuthi endaweni kuhlanganise ezizungezile ezitaladini kuze Vozdvizhenka, futhi kamuva kuphela kwaba igama lomgwaqo olulodwa. On kanye ran eya Smolensk. Kodwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, Arbat waba yindawo ehlonishwayo ukuphila, lapha uhlala izikhulu zendawo, wakha izakhiwo ezintsha.

Ngemva umlilo 1812 uqala impilo entsha ngoba emgwaqweni, naye gone zonke izakhiwo lokhuni ne izihlalo ezingenalutho baqale ukwakha izindlu ezintsha. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 isimo yokugcina Arbat. Ngeshwa, ukwakhiwa kwamaSoviet, kwaba buhlungu emigwaqeni Arbat futhi alleyways.

Kodwa Old Arbat ngokuvamile ngasinda, ngo-1974 akhululwa ngaso imoto, kodwa yanyamalala kanye izindlu mlando. Ngo-1986, esanda kwavula itshe emgwaqweni, setha izibani "Antique". Namuhla, Arbat - indawo Kumelwe uhambele bonke abantu izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe, kangakanani ngabo lapha nabathengisi of eziyisikhumbuzo ngabanye nasezintweni ezazisetshenziswa kudala iyahambelana nsuku zonke. Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke izinguquko, emgwaqweni namanje igcina umoya eMoscow ubudala, ngakho kukhona into ukubona.

Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili Arbat

E-Moscow, zikhona izindawo eziningana ukuze abe nemikhosi futhi omunye ezitaladini ethandwa kakhulu - Old Arbat. Izikhangibavakashi, okungaba ngempela ukuhamba encyclopedia ukuphila edolobheni, inkumbulo abantu abaningi abadumile kanye nemicimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mkhankaso ngokumelene Arbat - ifuna banciphise umfutho wamanzi emkhathini ekhethekile. Street abaculi, abadlali kanye abaculi, yaseshashalazini. Vakhtangov Theatre, House actor sika - konke lokhu kwenza isimo ekhethekile, umoya lokusungula. Ukuhamba ngebhayisikili Arbat, ungakwazi ukuhlangana nabantu abaningi ezithakazelisayo abathenga izinto eziyizikhumbuzo bendabuko Russian futhi Yiqiniso, ukubona izakhiwo yendabuko eMoscow.

Arbat Square

Indlela engcono kakhulu ubone izinto? Old Arbat okuseza. Kodwa udinga ukuqala ukuhambahamba Arbat Square, okuyinto kusukela ngekhulu le-18 ebizwa ngokuthi Arbat esangweni futhi uhlobo iphoyinti luhlolo of sonke isifunda. Nge indawo ukubukwa amahle imigwaqo emikhulu 4: Novy Arbat, Gogol Boulevard, Vozdvizhenka futhi Old Arbat. Ngu endaweni okufanele uhambe ngayo emhlabeni ukubona ebhayisikobho "Art", indlu odumile okudweba nombhalo othi "Akukho ndawo ngaphandle Mosselprom" - ngobuciko constructivism eMoscow, ithempeli lika Boris futhi Gleb.

Cinema "Art"

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuhlola ezikhangayo (Old Arbat igcina eziningi izimfihlo), kubalulekile ukuba isikhathi esithile ukuhlala at ebhayisikobho "Art". Lena akuyona nje ethempelini cinema, kodwa futhi isikhumbuzo bokwakha futhi amasayithi ezingokomlando ezibalulekile. Ukubukeka wanamuhla isakhiwo labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe iminyaka 1910-1912., Uma elakhiwe kabusha wezakhiwo F. Schechtel. Kwakuwusuku isakhiwo sokuqala, okuyinto ngokukhethekile wakhulelwa ukusebenza njengendawo yamabhayisikobho. Lokho kwathatha indawo kudlalwé ifilimu wokuqala Russian, lapha ifilimu umsindo waboniswa okokuqala. Ekuqaleni 20 "Art" ekhulwini yayiyindawo kubutsela for nezazi eMoscow, ukuthi bekukhona A. White, Bryusov, UTolstoy yaziwa.

"EPrague" yokudlela

Qala ukuhamba ku Arbat imele ne ezikhangayo lokuqala (Old Arbat, 2/1) - "ePrague" yokudlela. Lesi sakhiwo, bavele ngaphambi kwekhulu le-18, lapho-ke okwakukhona kulo indlu efulethini. Kamuva yaphinde yakhiwa izikhathi eziningana, futhi ukubonakala kwawo samanje endlini kwafinyelelwa 1914-1915., Lapho sesize safika reworks umakhi A. Erichson. Yokudlela kuqala wavula lapha ngo-1896, igama yakhe edumile efika evela sokudlela, kanye etholakala lapha. Umnikazi we yokudlela, umthengisi Tararykin benza konke ukwenza kube isikhungo isibe ngenye yezindawo imfashini kunazo eMoscow. Futhi namhlanje, "ePrague" uyaqhubeka esebenza, lapha ungakwazi nambitha okuningi sokudla okwehla esiphundu, omunye edume kakhulu phakathi kwazo ikhekhe eponymous.

"Arbatskaya" metro station

Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka kukhona zokungena ezimbili kuya metro station "Arbatskaya" esiteshini - Arbat-Pokrovskaya umugqa futhi Fili. Bobabili ziteshi ziphakathi izikhumbuzo ukubaluleka yase isiko. Isiteshi Filevskaya umugqa okumele abonwe inkundla ngenhla phansi. It wadalwa wezakhiwo L. S. Teplitskogo futhi ngokulandela ezinhlanu enamaphoyinti inkanyezi ukuma. Ground yokwamukela izivakashi iwuphawu ezitimeleni eMoscow kweqiniso. Esiteshini Arbat-Pokrovskaya umugqa lendawo eziphawuleka kakhulu - lena ihholo esiteshini. Ziyamangalisa, ukwakhiwa ezinkulu 220 budze (kuba esiteshini umasipala eMoscow lesibili elide kakhulu), ahlotshiswe isitayela baraque eMoscow, Kugcizelela ne ubuhle baso nangobuciko.

Zokuhlala Arbat House

I ezikhangayo esemqoka Old Arbat Street - isakhiwo engxenyeni 19 yesibili - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. ithuluzi Street likhona ku izitayela lathumela. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona indlu isitayela yendabuko classicism, i avant-garde Art Nouveau ku "isitayela Russian" neo-baraque izakhiwo, ikhaya constructivist. Kodwa ngaphandle izici ezakhiwo, ezithakazelisa endlini nezakhamuzi zawo, ngoba lapha ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene wahlala A. S. Pushkin, Okudzhava, u-Alexander Rybakov, AF Losev, White nabanye osaziwayo abaningi. Cishe zonke endlini okuyisihloko izinganekwane ahlukahlukene legends, ngakho-ke ungafunda umlando indlu ngayinye.

Theatre. Vakhtangov

Old Arbat (amaphuzu ezithakazelisayo), isithombe engatholwa ku-albhamu zonke izivakashi ngubani wavakashela eMoscow, waziwa hhayi kuphela nomlando wakhe omude, kodwa futhi, umoya okhethekile wokudala. Lokhu kuyasiza kakhulu ethiyetha ligcinwe inombolo yendlu 26. isakhiwo yakhiwa kuleli nekhulu le-19, emva kwempi, ke zadliwa uhulumeni ezandleni ethiyetha studio Vakhtangov. Lapha adlalwa abadlali abaningi abadumile isiRashiya, wadala abaqondisi oluvelele, futhi namuhla le nkundla indawo nezazi yokudala kanye Luhambo kwentsha.

Viktor Tsoi Wall

Ngo-1990, ezikhangayo Arbat yavama ngenxa ukuvela entsha, isikhumbuzo nokuguqulwa yokudumisa oshonile umculi we-rock Viktor Tsoi. Phezu kodonga, noma ubani angaba ushiye oqoshiwe. Kukhona ekumeni, kuhlanganise nalezo lasavele ngibe usaziwayo. Eziningana izikhathi izigangi wazama ukubhubhisa odongeni, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi-ke savuka amabutho abalandeli umculi.

ezikhumbuzo Arbat

Ngaphandle izakhiwo, Arbat, yebo, ezithakazelisayo kanye izikhumbuzo zalo. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi Arbat Square kukhona ezimbili lesikhumbuzo ukuze umbhali omkhulu Russian - N. V Gogolyu. Ungakwazi uqhathanise umbono ka umqophi Andreev futhi saseTomsk futhi unqume ukuthi Gogol is closer kuze you. Ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo Arbat futhi Plotnikov Pereulok imele omunye lesikhumbuzo - isikhumbuzo umbhali, imbongi kanye umculi Bulat Okudzhava. Umfanekiso obunjiwe G. Frangulyan ngokuvamile iba indawo bethwebula izivakashi. Kuthatha cishe abe lesikhumbuzo ukuze inkomazi, obiza mayelana cafe "Mu-Mu", liphinde bakubheka njengomthwalo wabo ukuthathwa isithombe Izivakashi Arbat.

Le ndlu imbongi A. S. Pushkina

Emakhaya eziningana mlando ikakhulukazi Old Arbat eMoscow izimpawu zendawo zaziwa emhlabeni wonke, eziqhenya efulethini yisikhumbuzo omkhulu Russian imbongi A. S. Pushkina. Inombolo yendlu 53 - sezakhiwo omdala Arbat. Lapha ngo-1831 kwezinyanga ezimbalwa imbongi wahlala, kwaba lapha waletha umkakhe osemusha Natalia Goncharova emva komshado futhi bahlala lapha, wathi, isikhathi esingcono zokuphila kwakhe. Nokho, akazange ukubhala lapha. Namuhla kule efulethini iqukethe izinto kwesikhathi Pushkin sika, ke kabusha imvelo lapho imbongi wahlala. Namuhla indlu uxoshiwe njengoba umnyuziyamu, lapho ungakwazi nje kokukhumbula Pushkin, kodwa futhi ufunde okuningi mayelana nomlando eMoscow.