Valeriya Novodvorskaya: imbangela yokufa. Kusukela lokho futhi lapho eshona Valeriya Ilinichna Novodvorskaya?

Kunzima baphikisa ngokuthi ukufa Valerii Novodvorskoy, esasimenyezelwe ngo-July 12, sehle kakhulu ushintshe ibhalansi amabutho lezombusazwe Russian Federation. Novodvorskaja wafa inombolo esibhedlela edolobheni eMoscow 13, sizungezwe odokotela. Londoloza wakhe akakwazanga, ukuvuvukala uye Seledlulise amalawulo, kanye nobudala yokuphila ungakuvumeli esilondeni sokuphulukiswa, okuyinto kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuthi wayengeyena yingozi. Ukuqagela mayelana nokususwa ezinonya isitha zezombusazwe esiyingozi akazange abe munye. Ngenxa yalezi izinguqulo Sasingekho isizathu sokuba. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa kwamenyezelwa Valerii Novodvorskoy ngokushesha. Kwakuyisikhathi ithumba unyawo.

Mnene futhi benesibindi

Yebo, it is kungazange kushiwo khona ukuthi inkanyezi eqondisa, kubonakala, banelisekile nje impela usesikhundleni oqinisekisa nenkululeko ukumemezela imibono yabo ngokungabi bikho ikuphi ukubophezeleka. Nokho, ilungelo ukwenza kanjalo-ke kwakudingekile ukuze uthole, mane noma behlupheka. Abangane, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Khakamada, Borovoy, Nemtsov, Ryzhkov nezinye abameleli zezombusazwe elite Yeltsin inkathi, walibiza romantic nge umoya wengane, bessrebrenitsey, indoda ngokungenamkhawulo obucayi mncane kakhulu, ungakhohlwa ekhethekile kukhulunywa isibindi verging ku ukungakhathali. Abanye abantu ngaphansi friendly, Ukucabanga mayelana Antics yakhe, egcwele njengento embi ngokwesabekayo, ngokuvamile elibi futhi iwubuphukuphuku, akukuhle. Kakhulu ubuntu impikiswano kwaba Novodvorskaja. Imbangela yokufa, biography, izindaba zezombangazwe uzobe kafushane kuchaziwe ngezansi. Noma yimuphi izilinganiso, nje amaqiniso. ezicatshangwayo, abuye ambalwa.

EU.SSR ngo ngasekupheleni kwawo-60

Moscow engxenyeni sixties yesibili. Ngemuva umlando eminyakeni engamashumi zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Enhloko-dolobha, ngokuchichima isihlobo kwezimpahla owenza mnyama kuphangwa izivakashi, wathenga yonke into, futhi ngezinye izikhathi liyabonakala, nganoma yisiphi into wema ujenga kanye kuphela kwi-counter. Sezadlula lezo ukwesaba elibomvu futhi impi okugcwele igazi, nalokho ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu kukaStalin mass, futhi ukuzikhethela Nikita Sergeyevich. Izwe uqinile, ihlukaniswe yaba "imikhakha ukunikezela", futhi ngamunye wala bantu zisetshenziselwa degree of ukwaneliseka izidingo, okuyinto ukubeka phezulu. Abantu ukuphila ngokuthula, futhi esasinedumela elibi, "ikusasa" - hhayi amazwi nje, kodwa kuyinto eyenzekayo. Ayikho abangasebenzi, kodwa kukhona lokuzikhethela ocacile phakathi unjiniyela encane kakhulu iholo noma uthisha, nangaphezulu tariff amazinga abakhi noma izisebenzi ezinekhono kakhulu. Uhlelo Daily "Isikhathi" kubika inhlangano elwela owaziwayo kanye ezithuthukayo ebheke ekusaseni eliqhakazile. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi abagxeki futhi sithule. Futhi phakathi naso sonke lesi idyll singazelele kuyi enganelisekile. Yini bafuna? Lingobani leli qembu? Njengoba bafika ukuphila okunjalo? Yini abanalo?

eyamukelwayo

UVladimir Bukovsky, lo ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni Soviet ngubani wachitha isikhathi esiningi izibhedlela ezikhethekile. Sarcoma Cha, wayengabhekiseli ohlukunyezwayo noma ofakwa esinye isifo esithile esingathí sina. Odokotela bazama ukuwenza "evamile" (okungukuthi, zonke wanelisekile), ngakho baphathwa okuyimpoqo ezibhedlela zengqondo. Kukholakala ukuthi uma umuntu akathandi ndawonye, into asekhanda lakhe akuyona kulungile. Uzokwenza Bukovsky yena wavuma ukuthi impela phakathi abaphikisi bombuso kwaba eningi ngendlela yokusangana. Ekuqaleni kwawo-ngeminyaka yoma amandla LamaKhomanisi kwakubonakala lwaluqinile futhi nesingazanyazanyiswa ukuthi avukele ke umuntu ovamile, njengoba umthetho, akazange alinge. Futhi kungani? ukuphila Okunzima Kakhulu Ukubhekana Nakho kwegama abantu baseSoviet wayengabuzi, nezinye izinzuzo iningi lezakhamuzi zase-USSR ukuthi awubonanga, futhi uma ulwazi mayelana "ipharadesi isicebi 'futhi seeped ngaphansi" yensimbi kwesihenqo ", wayevame kungaqali ithemba ikakhulukazi, bekholelwa ukuthi ngaphezu izinhlobo eziningi amasosishi kukhona ezinye izindleko. Ngale ndlela, injengomoya Umlando uye wabonisani, babeqinisile.

Kodwa abaphikisi bombuso kwakusekhona. Bazifaka engozini.

"BaseNtshonalanga" eU.SSR

indoda Russian uthambekele categorical. Kubonakala e ukuqashelwa amaphuzu kakhulu kwanoma iyiphi mkhuba kanye nokudelela cishe okuphelele uthi Lesisemkhatsini. Uma ezweni lethu akunjalo, njengoba singathanda ke phesheya ngokunembile okuphambene. Ezimweni yokuqwashisa akuphelele futhi eyodwa emaceleni mayelana izimpilo zabantu emazweni aseNtshonalanga usukhulile okungenani ezimbili izizukulwane abantu baseSoviet ngubani bayaqiniseka ukuthi uma ukugxeka ne-capitalism, kusho ukuthi nguye esimisweni sezenhlalo ephelele. It sigxile futhi wabonisa ukuthi uyabakhathalela abantu futhi pay fair, kanye nokuchichima kokuthula izimpahla, kanye inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Inhloko yakwa-ukukhanya amandla esitimela ngaphakathi the bombo of-United States. Ukuba khona yimuphi omunye imicabango yabantu e ingxenye ethile emphakathini waseSoviet kwakusho okuqondene ngesilwane esifuywayo party, nokubambisana ne-KGB noma nje oyisiphukuphuku. Enganelisekile ngokuphila esikhathini konke eSoviet Union American kubhekwa okuhle, futhi zonke izinto ezimbi Soviet. Empeleni, lesi simanga bekulokhu nesibuko isithombe agitprop Soviet, okuphambene. izisulu zakhe avame nabantu sengqondo engazinzile. Zonke abanye baye bafuna ngandlela-thile ukuzivumelanisa, ukwazi ezinye nokushintshashintsha umugqa olusemthethweni zezombusazwe, kodwa nokubekezelela njengomngani oludingekayo.

lozalo

Valeriya Novodvorskaya wafa eneminyaka engu ayisithupha nane. Wazalelwa inkathi pozdnestalinskuyu, ngo-1950, edolobheni eBaranovichi (Belarus). Umndeni wawungelona nje uhide yenjwayelo, angabizwa ngokuthi okuyisibonelo. Bobabili abazali - amaKhomanisi. Ubaba wayesebenza wobunjiniyela. Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili noma amathathu, lena awuyona into ekhethekile ngeke babone, kodwa ngo-1950 khona uyise esiphilayo wawusemasondweni ngokwako injabulo esasingamazi izingane eziningi kakhulu Soviet. Eminyakeni emihlanu edlule wagcina impi olunegazi emlandweni wonke. Valerie Umama wayengumKatolika udokotela.

zezakhi zofuzo Revolutionary babemane bagcwalise wonke amangqamuzana omzimba Valeria. Ukhokho kwakungumkhulu Smolensk sotsdekom - ngowokuqala wehhashi Army Budenny. Sasiphakathi umkhaya nezinye abanegama - umbusi Andrew lapho sibona Kurbsky ngisho Knight saseMelitha, okungenani esho kanjalo Novodvorskaja.

Umbhangqwana Umkhaya wayevakashele nogogo nomkhulu ngesikhathi kwenzeka lokuzalwa. Umlando alisho lutho olunye izizathu, kodwa Kwavela ukuthi imfundo amantombazane wahlanganyela ngokuyinhloko ugogo. Kubonakala sengathi abazali ukuba siye saba matasa kakhulu.

ukuqeqeshwa

Khulisa umuntu ezweni elinesidingo predominated collectivism Imininingwane, kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngisho ukhuluma ngani indoda ezivelele, cishe njalo intatheli is ikakhulukazi eshukunyiswa yokuthi "wayefana wonke umuntu". Akukona njalo zivumelana iqiniso, kodwa amagama athi isibe ujabule ezivamile etemibhalo. Zonke leitmotif zokuphila ngisho imbangela yokufa Valerii Novodvorskoy bathi "Njengawo wonke umuntu" wayengafuni ukuba ingane. intando yakhe iwukuba ube iminyaka bayazi, futhi ngineminyaka emihlanu ubudala, ugogo ayemfundisa ukufunda. indondo yesiliva kumnyama ngaphezu idiploma esikoleni kubonisa lutho yemizamo yabo ukuphasiswa umuntu esebenzisa impumelelo ezibe etholakalayo. Ukugeleza French nesiJalimane, ikhono lokufunda nezinye izilimi eziningana - ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima. Akuwona wonke iziqu faculty of izilimi zakwamanye amazwe ungakwazi khombisa ulwazi ezifana.

ingxabano

Ukubheka izithombe Valerii Novodvorskoy, senziwe nineties nokuqala enkulungwaneni yesithathu, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi ubeyisibenzi intombazane enhle zeminyaka nesishiyagalolunye ubudala, kodwa kuyiqiniso. Quality izithombe incane, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi agcinwe, kungenziwa bahlulelwe lens ubukeka nje umfundi omuhle, indoda ehlakaniphileko, nibe ngamaqhawe. charm Personal, ngokusobala, ngokwezinga elikhulu kuye kwaholela yokuthi Valerie wakwazi ukuheha abantu abasha ezidalwe umbuthano komhlaba, okuyinto isebenza - kungekho futhi akukho ngaphansi - zabhikisha ahlomile ukuketula uhulumeni zamaKhomanisi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni engaphansi kwamashumi amabili adlule, ukufa kweza kubo Novodvorskaia ngokushesha, ngemva kwecala emfushane. Ngo-1969, amandla laseSoviet nomusa ngaphezulu.

ubuwula Okokuqala

Nesishiyagalolunye intombazane enhle omnikeza zamakhophi abhalwe ngesandla alo izinkondlo zakhe siqu. "Yeka ukuthi lithandeka kanjani!" - sasithi namuhla. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, ngo-1969, lapho izimbongi babe Thixo okuyinto kude lanamuhla pop futhi rock izinkanyezi, lona kanye iqiniso lokuthi yingakho nje kungazange kumangaze. Uma kungenjalo izinto ezimbili. Okokuqala, izinkondlo babe emelene ngempela namaSoviet futhi party esinegama, ugconwe ngenxa inzondo yakhe, ihlazo, okulahla kanye nezinye izenzakalo isikhonzi. Okwesibili, ukusatshalaliswa esenzeka ezibiyele Isigodlo congresses, futhi ngoSuku uMthethosisekelo we-USSR. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo Novodvorskaya hhayi ukubopha nje bahluleka. Khona-ke noma yini esikisela ukuthi akayena ngempela ngokuphumelelayo. Ngemva esho etshela nabo-KGB sombutho Duntsu, uchwepheshe oyinhloko we-Serbian Institute, ukuthi empeleni isebenza amaGestapo, uphethwe sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi livunyelwe.

Ukwelashwa e Kazan

kweminyaka emibili, isiguli ukwelashwa endaweni Kazan esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo kusukela uhlanyiswa futhi bayasangana (indolent). Iziphathimandla zazingathandi wonke amathuba ukuze avimbele ikhishwe ejele, isibonelo, ukuqaphela ezingelapheki ogulayo. Futhi kungenzeka ukuba umane ulilethe yokukhathala. Noma iphathwa ukuze usuku yokufa ayikazeki Novodvorskaia kamuva, isibonelo, 1972. Le nguqulo uma uthatha uhlobo ngesihluku iningi ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni umbuso zamaKhomanisi. Nokho, amaqiniso, yizinto nenkani.

Njengoba Isiphelo elingeke lithande Novodvorskaja yena washonela esibhedlela sengqondo. Wasinda. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa sendlela ukuphoqelela ukwelashwa kwamlimaza, singakwazi kuphela ukuqagela. It is kuphela ukuthi akazange aphule umoya lokulwa ezaziwayo.

Ngemva kokudedelwa kusukela esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo (1972): amashumi amabini anamabini Valery Ilinichna ke wabuyela ebhizinisini emthethweni. Yena basakaza ephrintiwe izinto ozishicilela, futhi kanyekanye wasebenza esibhedlela izingane uthisha. Omunye nezimangaliso budedengu "wama-KGB besahlulelo" ngubani bophezela yamuva umsebenzi pedagogical uphazamisekile emqondweni. Nokho, Novodvorskaja wasebenza khona isikhathi eside, iminyaka emibili kuphela.

I intertemporal

Ngakusasa iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu VI Novodvorskaja walwa emelene ubukhomanisi, usebenzisa izindlela KwamaBolshevik ngomshoshaphansi. Yena iziqu eMoscow Pedagogical Institute. Krupskaya (1977), ngathola umsebenzi wokuhumusha ku Medical Second. Futhi ungashiyi imizamo lokuketula wazonda ngamandla Soviet ngokusebenzisa zungu. It ngokuphindiwe uboshiwe, waboshwa futhi ngayo. ngezilingo ezintathu umphumela walokho akuzange ejele ejele, ihlelwe imiboniso wakhe futhi imibuthano bahlakazeka. Mhlawumbe ababhikishi abangu ngaphansi yokucindezelwa okukhulu kakhulu futhi Novodvorskaja wawuhlakaza izinhlawulo kanye nezinqubo zezokwelapha. Phakathi ncibilika Gorbachev sika kwakunokwenzeka cishe yonke into, ngisho ukuthukwa ngqo umongameli neSoviet Union ifulege. Ngemva kumiswa Ukrainian isonto autocephalous eye yabeka umgomo uqhekeko nge Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, Novodvorskaja labhajatiswa ngawo futsi waba asibonisa Ukraine iSonto Lobu-Orthodox Kiev Sabefundisi. Wakwenza, cishe ngo-wokumelana Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia.

Kubi ngaphandle ukujeziswa?

Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela ukunakwa iziphathimandla edelelwa oppositionist. Akayena isilinganiso zezombusazwe njengebalulekile, njengoba iqiniso ingozi ezakhe iqembu elibusayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iletha ekuphileni kwaba lokungahlaliseki, kodwa ngakolunye - kunikeza umuzwa wokuzizwa ubalulekile. Le mpi kunengqondo. Imbangela yokufa Valerii Novodvorskoy njengoba inqubomgomo wayengekho labavoti encane, futhi sengqondo sokunganaki iziphathimandla. Eminyakeni yamuva, wayevame wakhononda esiteshini somsakazo "Echo of eMoscow 'kanye nezinye wabezindaba ukungasiqondi uquqaba ezibanzi kwezifiso elikhanyayo yelinyenti. Ngokubona kwakhe, abantu Russian kungukuthi uvuthwe ngokwanele ukuqonda inkululeko yangempela. Phakathi naleso sikhathi yena ngiphuphe ukuthi eRussia kwaba "eNtshonalanga." Novodvorskaja wafa, akazange aphile isikhathi eside kuze kube ukukhishwa isifiso sakhe zaziswe.

Russophobia nezinye izinto ezihlekisayo

Sovietism kancane kancane zaba Russophobia. Kuzo zonke izingxabano ezivela esikhathini okuthunyelwe namaSoviet Novodvorskaja wathatha isikhundla ethena, ukuphinda isipiliyoni uyabazonda amaBolshevik ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Njengoba baziwa nezimo yamahlaya. sezombusazwe Female ake wama nge izingqwembe okwakukhona kulotshiwe ukuthi: "Wena zonke iziwula futhi abaphathwa, omunye Ngingumfana smart ijazi elimhlophe emi amahle", ke wagqoka isikipha nge kwesiqubulo esithi "Ungavumeli Russian." By the way, ukuphathwa kudingeka abazona iziwula, kanye neziguli. Ngokuqinisekile lokhu kwakufanele eyaziwa Valeriya Novodvorskaya.

Imbangela yokufa - isizungu

eyamukelwayo wamaSoviet wawungakwazi ukuthikameza akhononde ngokuntuleka ukunakekela ingxenye yakhe impilo isimo. Bazimisele esibhedlela ngokwengqondo, ngisho nalapho bengafuni.

Washona ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi okungafanele i indida ukudalelwa Novodvorskaja. Cha, akuyona lokugula ngengqondo. Nodokotela lapha ngayo, kubo usizo, akazange asifake isicelo kuze kube ngomzuzu wokugcina. Khona-ke kungani Novodvorskaja wafa, prosaic okuningi. Valeria Ilinichna cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, ezilimaza umlenze. Yena wayezama lokuzelapha, akazange ukuya kudokotela, kwakukhona ukuvuvukala, okuyinto ikhule ibe sepsis, eyaziwa nangokuthi (ngaphambili, ngaphambi kwenkathi lokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo zomlando) yegazi elinobuthi. Lokhu ukungabi ukunakekela ngokwayo zonke Novodvorskaja. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa akunangqondo e nedolobha elikhulu lesimanje. E-Moscow, zikhona izikhungo eziningi zokwelapha, obekungadala iyakwazi ukunikeza usizo olukhulu uchwepheshe. Futhi elula udokotela ohlinzayo esibhedlela esisentshonalanga babephatha inxeba ngamanzi konke ukunakwa, uma kuphela ukuze kuvulwe Novodvorskaja. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa, Nokho, akuyona kuphela cellulitis, kodwa futhi ukuba nesizungu kwamane elula womuntu. Kwakungekho umuntu ngabe ufuna ukungenzela uhambo oluya udokotela wayevele bazophoqeleka owesifazane kancane ome njengeqanda ukuchitha amahora ambalwa uqobo, ngisho alimaze omunye rally evikela "ngicasukile" Russia nase-Ukraine.

Abanye bazibheka "entrepreneur yimpumelelo" futhi "sezombusazwe owaziwa," Konstantin Borovoy. Mayelana Novodvorskaia ukufa futhi ezinsukwini zokugcina izenzakalo zokuphila kwakhe, esho etshela izintatheli, ungakhohlwa ucacise ukuthi intombi yakhe, useqoke Ukudla, okuyinto ayengayenza ngendlela engeke ungeme. In version yakhe, yena unecala ngokufa kwakhe, mayelana efanayo izakhamuzi Odessa, basha ngokukhanukelana, House of Trade Unions, okuyinto abangane kumnandi ayekhuluma emoyeni ndawonye ngokushesha ngemva kwale nhlekelele.

Mhlawumbe isizathu kokufa Valerii Novodvorskoy alikho nandaba impilo yabo, kuba uqobo, kulokhu - uphenyo. Kungenzeka, le ophikisana nenqubo kahulumeni ezicindezelayo ukugcwaliseka lusizo futhi irrelevance. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi ukuphela Antics yakhe ongakayeki ukunyusele umqondo nesandla esivulekile, kodwa kunalokho wacasulwa Abokuqala wakhe bakuthathe.

World of umlotha wakhe.