"Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Ukufingqa indaba

Etafuleni yeseli ethule kudala imibhalo yabo siqu komlando esikweyoku. wonke Ububanzi angaphezu yayo mncane ukunweba imibhalo - ofakazi imicabango abaqaphile ekhaliphile. izinwele zakhe ezimpunga akhanyayo esiliva emehlweni akhe wazizwa umphefumulo ukukhanya ligcwaliswe nodumo, iminwe yakhe - ithuluzi omuhle - ikhululekile futhi eside. Yena - umbhali abanamakhono kakhulu, wayecabangisisa abahlakaniphileyo isembatho lezindela, amagugu tetemibhalo, owabhala: "I Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Isifingqo indaba kusinika isikhathi ayephila kuso Nestor Umlobi womlando.

Akekho owaziyo ukuthi eseyingane kwaba. Akukacaci ukuthi yini eyamshukumisela ukuba Isigodlo owafundisa kuye ukuphila. Esikwaziyo ukuthi wazalwa emva kokufa Yaroslav Mudry. Babalelwa ku-1070 ezihlakaniphile insizwa uvele Kiev-Pechersk Isigodlo, ofisa ukuba abalalele. Eminyakeni 17, izindela wamnika igama emaphakathi Stefan, kamuva kancane nje, wamiswa oda idikoni sika. Ngaphakathi the gama of iqiniso, akazange ukufakaza umsuka lasendulo futhi bayisipho esikhulu ezweni - "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Isifinyezo yezindaba zemihla ngemihla kufanele uyinikele naleso sikhathi, okuyinto, ngaphezu khona emsebenzini, ephelezelwa umbhali ekuphileni kwakhe samanje. Ngalezo zikhathi kwaba abantu abafundile kakhulu futhi wanikela lonke ulwazi lwakhe imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Nestor umlobi wezenzakalo abantu iye yasiza ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi siyisigaba Russia Lasendulo iminyaka 900-1100.

Umbhali kule noveli "Iminyaka esidlule" ezitholakala ebusheni bakhe ngesikhathi lapho Russia lalibuswa izikhulu Yaroslav. Yaroslav Mudry, wayala ukuba libe uyise kubo ukuvikela nomunye, ukuphila othandweni, kodwa laba abathathu kwesikhulu bacishe bahlukana nesicelo sikayise. Kuleso sikhathi, Kungqubuzana Polovtsy - asemaqeleni izakhamuzi. indlela Lobuqaba yokuphila, ukusunduza abathume ukuba ngobudlova bagomela ilungelo labo khona umbhaphathizo Rus 'zazibangelwa nezibhelu nokuvukela lidumile abaholi umthakathi. Lokhu utshela "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka".

Isifinyezo izenzakalo zezombusazwe emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke idatha kusebenza ukuphila Yaroslava Mudrogo - umsunguli ingcebo tetemibhalo, umtapo lokuqala eRussia. Kule, umtapo futhi wafunda ulwazi lwabo imfundamakhwela Kiev-Pechersk Monastery. Nestor umlobi wezenzakalo babenza ezikhathini nezinguquko ezinkulu: kwaba inkathi izingxabano kwesikhulu kanye izinduna ukuthi namanje, bakhonile kuphunyula kuyo amandla Kievan Rus. Khona-ke inhloko-dolobha ephilayo, eholwa Svatopluk - umbusi abahahayo ngobuqili. Abantu abampofu ngeke ngisakwazi ukuphila ukubekezelela ebugqilini nokuxhashazwa amakhosi asendulo, futhi lokhu kubhikisha ethandwa kwaqala ngo 1113. Izikhulu waphoqeleka ukuba ujike uVladimir Monomakh - Prince Pereyaslavl, ngakho wathatha izinto ezandleni zabo siqu. Wayengafuni ukuthi liphazamisane kusizinda umthetho zakwamanye amazwe, kodwa ukubukela okubi Kievan Rus, kwaba ayengenakukuphika abantu inqubomgomo entsha.

Encwadini yakhe ethi "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" isifinyezo Ancient Russian Umlando Nestor umlobi wezenzakalo iye yacebisa nobuchwepheshe babo kanye wanezela izithombe kwezobuciko: wanezelwa sokunconywa sezikhulu amnyama ababusi bengafaneleki. Annals inikeza umqondo ocacile lapho avela khona imithombo Russian yomhlaba, futhi ubani owaqala ukubusa. Ukuthi incwadi yokuqala isihloko indaba eside ngokungavamile uchaza isifinyezo. "Indaba Iminyaka esidlule" wangena nenhlalakahle, lapho umlobi wayeneminyaka engaba ngamashumi ayisithupha ubudala. Nestor Hlakaniphile nangenkuthalo kuzo izinhliziyo abantu Russian akasenzanga indela kodwa futhi wayecabangisisa onamakhono owakwazi ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe futhi kahle ekuqaleni kohambo lwethu.