Ngesisekelo zomlando kwendaba "Taras Bulba". izenzakalo zangempela zomlando eziyimbangela yokuhlupheka indaba

Isici esiyinhloko umsebenzi yobuciko zomlando indaba ephathwayo - yokuthi umbhali organically ihlanganisa kuwo indaba izenzakalo ezenzeka Eqinisweni, isuke nasezindabeni eziqanjiwe kumbhali. Ngandlela-thile engavamile kulesi sici, indaba Nikolai Gogol "Taras Bulba": izenzakalo zomlando it is kungacacisiwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ufunda ngesinye isikhathi kunzima ngempela ukunquma ngasiphi isikhathi isenzo senzeka khona - e 15, 16 noma 17 leminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho izinhlamvu akuyena umuntu zomlando, kuhlanganise uqobo Taras. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, selokhu obhekwe umkhiqizo libizwa yezinganekwane oludumile, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa ngokuthi inoveli. Kuyini amandla futhi yemakhono "Taras Bulba"?

History of the indaba yendalo

Umlayezo ovela umbhali nesihloko Cossacks wayengekho ngephutha. Njengoba ayezalelwe sifundazwe Poltava, kusuka ebuntwaneni ayekuzwile ngokusebenzelana itayitela nobuqhawe abantu ngesikhathi somzabalazo ne abahlaseli eziningi angaphandle. Kamuva, lapho Gogol waqala ukuloba unesithakazelo esikhethekile kakade savusa ikhaya abanjalo abanesibindi futhi oqotho wabantu like Taras Bulba. I Sich babebaningi. Ngokuvamile Cossacks waba serfs wangaphambili - baye bathola ikhaya lapha emzabalazweni.

NV Gogol wafunda imithombo eminingi ngale ndaba, kuhlanganise zemihla ngemihla Ukrainian wesandla, ucwaningo zomlando Boplana Myshetsky. Hhayi wokufundwayo okuqukethwe (ngokombono wakhe, ukuthi zaziqukethe olwazini olungaphelele, okuyinto kwakunganele ukuqonda umphefumulo kubantu), Gogol waphendukela temdzabu. iculo zomlando kanye ballads, anikezelwe amaqhawe esizwe, kutjelwa izici izinhlamvu, amasiko nendlela yokuphila Cossacks. Banika umlobi impahla enkulu "bukhoma", okuyinto isibe kwalokho omkhulu emithonjeni yesayensi, futhi abanye storylines ngefomu kusetshenzwe kufakwe indaba.

Ngesisekelo zomlando kwendaba

"Taras Bulba" - incwadi mayelana nabantu abakhululekile esasiphila ngekhulu 16-17th, ensimini ka endaweni Dnieper. Kwakuwusuku maphakathi Zaporizhzhya Sich - igama layo livela yokuthi kwaqinisa nxazonke by udonga imithi ewile - nezimagqabhagqabha. Kwakukhona indlela yokuphila kanye nokubusa. Njengoba ayefa ukuhlaselwa njalo yi-nabasePoland, abaseTurkey, naseLithuania Cossacks waba, amabutho enamandla kakhulu oqeqeshwe kahle. Esikhathini esiningi, babechitha amanye izimpi futhi nomkhankaso wempi zokuzuma waba yindlela eyinhloko mihlangano. Kuyinto akukho ngozi incazelo Taras Bulba futhi Svetlitsa endlini ayehlala yedwa umkakhe, kuhlanganisa izimpawu eziningi zokuphila ekamu yempi.

1596 kwafakazela ebulalayo abantu Ukraine, owayeneminyaka ngaleso sikhathi obuswa naseLithuania nabasePoland. Rzeczpospolita wayisa inyunyana hlanganani ngaphansi kwegunya zinkolo ezimbili uPapa womKristu: Orthodox futhi yamaKatolika. Isinqumo esenziwe nakakhulu nzima ubudlelwano nzima phakathi nabasePoland kanye Cossacks, ayewaholele ukuvula ngxabano wezempi. Le nkathi futhi Gogol wachitha indaba yakhe.

Image of Zaporozhye Sech

Lesi sikole esiyinhloko imfundo ophikelelayo, amaqhawe enesibindi yaba indlela ekhethekile zokuphila nokuphatha, othisha - Cossacks abanolwazi, hhayi nje ukukhombisa yobuqhawe bawo empini. Omunye wabo kwakungu-uColonel Taras Bulba. Umlando wakhe - indaba mayelana ekwakhekeni Patriot kweqiniso, elingafunwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, kukhona izithakazelo kanye nenkululeko ezweni.

Zaporizhzhya Sich zifana republic sisekelwe eenkambisweni zobuntu nokulingana. Mishka wakhethwa isinqumo ethandwa, ngokuvamile kusukela phakathi efanelwe kakhulu. Phakathi nempi, le Cossacks kwadingeka kwemibandela ukumlalela, kodwa sokuthula kuba imisebenzi yakhe ifakiwe wokunakekela Cossacks.

I Sich konke kwahlelwa ukuba kusetshenziswe ulimi ukuphila futhi nomkhankaso wempi izakhamuzi zakhona: wasebenza zonke izinhlobo workshop futhi kwakha, wawufuye izinkomo. Konke lokhu uzobona Ostap futhi Andriy, lapho beningenisa lapha Taras Bulba.

Indaba khona esifushane Republic of Zaporozhye yabonisa indlela entsha ukuhlela ukuphila obuntu esekelwe bobuzalwane, ubunye kanye nenkululeko, kunokuba yokucindezela eqinile ababuthakathaka.

Ikhaya esikoleni ngoba Cossack - elwa ubuzalwane

Mayelana kwalokho, kwaba kumiswa izinsizwa kungenziwa yahlulelwe kanjani isibonelo bakwa-Taras, Ostap futhi Andriy. Baye iziqu ukuqeqeshwa esikoleni sobufundisi, ngemva kwalokho indlela yabo walala Zaporozhye. Ubaba ihlangabezana amadodana ngemva ngokwahlukana eside akukhona basanga futhi angiqabule, futhi ukuhlola amandla abo ngezibhakela nangekhono.

Life Taras Bulba kwaba linesizotha, njengoba kufakazelwa sedili lokuhlonipha bakwa ( "ukuhudula ... zonke izimvu, imbuzi ... yebo sikaphalafini ngaphezulu" - ngala mazwi le Cossack ubudala uphendukela umkakhe), zilale evulekile, ngaphansi kwamazulu evulekile.

Ngisho ngosuku engachithwanga Ostap futhi Andriy ekhaya njengoba uhambile kakade Sich, lapho kokuba belinde isikhathi ubudlelwane wezwe best nezenzo ekhazimulayo izwe lakubo inkolo. Uyise yayiqiniseka ukuthi isikole sangempela kubo ungakwazi kuphela ukuzigaxa ekulweni izimpi.

Zaporozhtsy

Esondela Sich, Taras namadodana akhe wabona ingalali olunothile phakathi komgwaqo a Cossack. Welula njengengonyama, futhi emhlabeni bahlonishwe. Wide kufike olwandle, ibhulukwe, ngeqholo kuchubekele forelock (ngokuqinisekile oshiywe agunde ikhanda), ihhashi omuhle - wabheka Cossack ngakho ngempela. Kuyinto akukho ngozi hero lobalulekile wendzaba libhekisela emadodaneni ukushaya ngokushesha ukushintsha "amademoni" izingubo zabo (ke ukuthi bavelaphi sabefundisi) kwenye Cossack ayakufanelekela. Futhi ngempela nje aguqulwe Morocco amabhuzu, ibhulukwe ububanzi, ihembe kanye semvu izigqoko ebomvu. Image kwahambisana isibhamu Turkish futhi saber abukhali. Bamhlonipha nokuziqhenya okubangelwa olunesisekelo ekhazimulayo zamahhashi noyingqalabutho kuyise.

Ngesisekelo zomlando kwendaba "Taras Bulba" ubophekile umlobi aphathe Cossacks ngokungakhethi. Nabo bonke ngenhlonipho efanele kubo futhi ngobuqhawe babo, Gogol futhi eqinisile ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi ukuziphatha kwabo kwavusa ukulahlwa futhi ngokungaqondi. Lokhu wabhekisela izimpilo zokudakwa nemibuthano antule bamhola phakathi izimpi, unya ngokweqile (i-ukubulala lobugebengu bangcwatshwa ethuneni isisulu uyaphila) kanye ezingeni eliphansi kwamasiko.

Amandla ubambiswano

Inzuzo enkulu ye Cossacks kwakuwukuthi esimweni esiphuthumayo ingakhishwa luphumelele ngokushesha futhi isenzo njengoba ibutho united ekulweni nesitha. Ukuzinikela kwabo, partiotizm, isibindi nokuzinikela imbangela abavamile babengenayo leyo imingcele. Endzabeni kaningana wazibonakalisa Taras Bulba. Biography nezinye amaqhawe ovelele, phakathi kwabo wazibonela Tovkach, Kukubenko uPawulu Hubenko, Mosy eShilo Ostap abasha, njengoba kusho.

Awu ubunye isabelo esemqoka ye Cossacks wathi enkulumweni yakhe bangaphambi juqu impi Bulba: "Akukho isibopho ngokubambisana bengcwele" inkulumo yakhe uwukubonakaliswa ukuhlakanipha okukhulu ukholo ongcwele kulokho ayekanye nawo sivikele a engafanele. Ngomzuzwana nzima amazwi Taras ezijabule Cossacks wakhumbuza of duty zazo ezingcwele ukuvikela ozakwabo, njalo besikhumbula ukholo Orthodox nokuzinikela ezweni. Esabeka kunazo zonke ukuba Cossack kwaba ukukhashelwa: alisho Some ubani. Taras ubulala indodana yakhe siqu ukufunda ukuthi ngenxa yothando ntombazane enhle Polish wayekhetha nezithakazelo omphakathi. Njengoba izibopho ubuzalwane zazibaluleke ukwedlula igazi. Iqiniso lokuthi leli qiniso liyalingana ngokoqobo, sibonisa ngesisekelo zomlando kwendaba.

Taras Bulba - omele best of the Cossacks

UColonel ngohlamvu esikebheni, indlela ekhazimulayo esidlule. umngane Glorious Ataman futhi ezingase ukusekela igama kukhuthaza futhi anikeze iseluleko esihle ngesikhathi esinzima. Wayephethe bemzonda isitha, encroached okholweni Orthodox, nabathi engawayekanga ukuphila kwakhe ukuze kusindiswe lokhokho nabafowabo izingalo. Ejwayele ukuphila khulula, okuqukethwe kanye ngendawo ehlanzekile kwaba linesizotha ngokuphelele ekuphileni. Ngakho Gogol iveza umlingisi lomcoka. Impilo yakhe yonke oye wachitha ezimpini futhi njalo endaweni eyingozi kakhulu. Izikhali, ugwayi ipayipi futhi ihhashi enhle Taras Bulba wakubeka engcebweni yayo eyinhloko. Nokho, wayengase ukuntela futhi pobalagurit, waneliswa ukuphila kwakhe. Udumele uthunjana hero nokuziphakamisa okukhulu uyazwelana Ostap. Bafaka ukuphila kwabo engozini, Bulba weza endaweni ngokubulawa, okokugcina ukumbona. Futhi lapho Ostap wabekezelela ukufa kwemihelo, ngomzuzu wokugcina bambiza, yayincane, yethuswa yonke indawo, uzwakalise nokuziqhenya kwakhe, isikhuthazo nokusekelwa indodana hhayi kuphela wakhe, kodwa umoya nabo, umngane. Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila bayolila indodana yakhe Taras aphindisele kokufa kwakhe. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe uyokwenezela kuso yonya inzondo ukuhlambalaza kwesitha sayo, kodwa akazange aphule intando yakhe futhi siqine.

Indaba akuyona evamile ngencazelo hero Taras Bulba, njengoba akubalulekile kangako. Into esemqoka ukuthi anakho izimfanelo iphuze esikhathini unonya.

Ihaba Taras ngendlela scene ngokubulawa

Kwebalingisi hero uqeda incazelo ngokufa kwakhe, ngezinga elikhulu iwubuphukuphuku. The hero is ekuthunjweni, njengoba uyagoba ukuze acoshe ipayipi bawa - ngisho wakhe akafuni ukuba uphisane isitha phantsi. Lapha Taras uyakhumbula Folk iqhawe: okungenani abantu abathathu ongakwazi ukuyinqoba.

Ngo yesehlakalo zokugcina umbhali uchaza hhayi ubuhlungu komlilo, owawunesihloko iqhawe, nokukhathalela kwakhe isiphetho nabo bangene emfuleni. Ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe, luziphatha ngenhlonipho, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo bethembekile ezimisweni induna ngokubambisana. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, wayeqiniseka ukuthi ukuphila akulona wahlala ngeze. Lokho lase Cossack yangempela.

Ukubaluleka imisebenzi namuhla

Ngesisekelo zomlando kwendaba "Taras Bulba" - a umzabalazo wenkululeko abantu ngokumelene abahlaseli, encroached kuzwe bakhe nokholo. Ngenxa umoya onamandla kangaka labantu Taras Bulba, indodana yakhe kanye namaqabane, kwakunokwenzeka nje ukuvikela ukuzimela kanye nenkululeko.

Umkhiqizo Nikolai Gogol nezinhlamvu zakhe ngoba abaningi waba yisibonelo sakhe sesibindi izwe, ngakho-ke ngeke ulahlekelwe ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo nokuthi ibaluleke ngani.