Kuyini ukungathathi hlangothi? Wonke umuntu kumele bazi

Eminyakeni yamuva isimo emhlabeni kakhulu lishise. Njalo manje bese ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba flash izingxabano ezintsha zasendaweni, bajoyine emazweni angaphezu nokuningi. Kulezi zimo ezinzima, kuthelevishini emakhasini izincwadi, inkulumo ethi "inqubomgomo yokungathathi hlangothi ezimpini 'ngezikhathi ezithile umsindo. Nokho, akubona bonke abantu baqonde ngokugcwele incazelo yalo, kanye labo abavele bazifake isimo, wamemezela kule isimo.

Inchazelo

Igama elithi "ukuma kokungathathi-hlangothi" elisuka Latin. Ehunyushiwe kusho "akekho noma ezinye." Leli gama linwetshelwe ukuze umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Isetshenziselwa nakakhuluma ngetheksthi ukwehluleka wombuso iqhaza empini ngesikhathi izinkinga futhi ngokujoyina omunye amayunithi wezempi e nenkathi yokuthula. Ngamanye amazwi, ukungathathi hlangothi - kulapho uhulumeni uthatha isimo sengqondo abaqotho imibono kwamanye amazwe inhlangano ingxabano.

izinhlobo yokungathathi hlangothi

Hlangothi isimo has izinhlobo eziningana futhi ingalungiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Leli gama ingasetshenziswa amagugu ezine:

1. States ezifana Switzerland nase-Austria, bagcine ukungathathi hlangothi unomphela. Lokhu isimo iqinile kumthethonkombiso yangaphakathi futhi waqaphela emhlabeni wonke. States ngubani iziveze abasekeli yokungathathi hlangothi unomphela, awukwazi ukubamba iqhaza ohlelweni impi ngokwakha umbimbi nezinye ezempi kanye ukugunyaza ukwakhiwa on insimu yalo insiza angaphandle lempi.

2. Abanye namazwe ase-Asia, e-Afrika naseLatin America ubambe ukungathathi hlangothi omuhle. Bathi ukunamathela kwabo ukuphepha usizo ngamazwe ekususweni zibhekene ngeziqu zamehlo, ukwenqaba izingalo uhlanga. Kanye ngeminyaka emithathu, Conference ligcinwe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho wezwe kabusha ukumemezela isimo sabo.

3. Sweden kwelinye lamazwe abathi ukungathathi hlangothi bendabuko. Sici Its main wukuthi isimo neze usungula isimo sabo, futhi unamathela inqubomgomo yokungathathi hlangothi njalo yokuzithandela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungase ngasiphi isikhathi sokuqeda ukugcinwa ukuzibophezela, ngoba ndawo akazange athi isimo sabo.

4. Ngokuvamile uhulumeni amaphepha asayinwe ngamazwe okuyinto ukumemezela izikweletu zabo. ukungathathi hlangothi izivumelwano - okubizwa ngokuthi lolu hlobo. Isibonelo salokhu isivumelwano kwafinyelela Russian Federation nase-Canada e Ottawa ngo-1992. Sikhuluma iSivumelwano Concord Nokubambisana phakathi kwamazwe vdumya.

jurists Abaningi ngamazwe onegunya ngokuthi oluphakeme kakhulu yokungathathi hlangothi unomphela, okuyinto isebenza kubo bonke izibhelu ahlomile ngothi lwawo. State waqhamuka lendlela, ke eqala ukuzinikela okukhulu hhayi kuphela impi kodwa futhi nenkathi yokuthula. Ngaphezu ukungakwazi iqhaza ingxabano, ingxenye iyunithi nokuvumela Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo ingqalasizinda lempi angaphandle, ke ayikwazi ukusebenzisa Ukungqubuzana zezikhali indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga acute geopolitical.

Imikhawulo ngesikhathi sempi siye saba

Ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba, lapho uhulumeni wamemezela ukungathathi hlangothi yayo ngesikhathi sempi, kumele ihambisane nemithetho ezintathu:

1. ngisho ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo unganikezi usizo lwebutho emazweni engqubuzanayo.

2. Ungavumeli ukusetshenziswa emazweni okwakuchazwa insimu yalo ngezinjongo ezempi.

3. onikezwe amaqembu ukuba impi ngemikhawulo efanayo ku supply of izingalo kanye izimpahla lempi. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukuhlukanisa omunye ahilelekile futhi ngaleyo ndlela musa ukumeseka.

Umlando kumiswa imiqondo

Uma sicabanga ukungathathi hlangothi kusukela Ngokombono ongokomlando, abahlala uthi esasikhona ngenkathi izwe lasendulo, wayengumuntu ongamazi. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, lesi simanga waqala ukuthola incazelo yalo yesimanje. izwe Medieval limenyezelwe mayelana commonality izinkolelo zabo zenkolo namasiko futhi wazama okuba ngingathathi hlangothi, kodwa kwezinye izimo alihambisani. Kuyinto, ngaphezu kwakho konke, mayelana nezimpi esikhaleni ulwandle. Kuphela kusukela ngekhulu XVI, uthi waqala ukubona ukuthi ukungathathi hlangothi - isimo lapho kufanele kuqashelwe.

ukunikeza izibonelo

Okokuqala emlandweni, nalapho leliya lizwe wamemezela ukungathathi hlangothi ahlomile, sihlehlela emuva ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. Esikhathini emlandweni wezwe zashiya izibazi umbimbi kwemibuso yezwe emikhulu, okuye azibophezela ukuvikela izimiso evezwe Simemetelo uCatherine II, esenziwa ngo-February 1780. Lihlanganisa Russian Empire, eFrance, eSpain, e-US States, eDenmark, eSweden, Prussia, Austria, Portugal, eSicily. Lokhu kusiza esebenza, kuyilapho kwakukhona impi ngenxa ukuzimela amakoloni aseMelika ezivela eNgilandi. Ngemva kwempi 1783, empeleni ngiyaquleka.

Ngo-1800 kwathiwa wasayina okuthiwa ukungathathi hlangothi lwesibili ahlomile phakathi Russian Empire, eDenmark, eSweden futhi Prussia. Kusekelwe izimiso zokudalula Catherine ukushintshwa ezincane zafakwa. Nokho, ngemva kokufa Paul Mina ukubusa u-Alexander I, akabange esaba khona.

Kufinyeta

Hlangothi - ilungelo elingokomthetho ifikile ibanga elide, kwaze kwathi ekugcineni yazuza nencazelo yalo yesimanje. umnikelo omkhulu ukuvela kwaso kwenziwe Russian Umbusikazi uCatherine II, ngubani owabeka itshe out izimiso eziningi e Simemetelo 1780. Uma isimo uthi ukungathathi hlangothi kwayo, kube incurs nezikweletu abalulekile. Lena ngokulinganayo kweqiniso ngoba sokuthula futhi ngesikhathi sempi. Ngakho-ke, lesi simo akusona uvamile ezweni ngakho njengoba singathanda.