Umlobi uCharles Baudelaire: biography, ubuciko

UCharles Baudelaire ungumgxeki odumile, imbongi kanye nezincwadi zakudala zesiFulentshi. Ilungu le-Revolution ka-1848. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yilokho okwakusengaphambili kwezimpawu zesiFulentshi. Kulesi sihloko uzonikezwa nge-biography yakhe emfushane. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale.

Ubuntwana

UCharles Baudelaire, owaziwa yibo bonke abathandi bezinkondlo zaseFrance, wazalwa eParis ngo-1821. Esikhathini esizayo, uzobiza ukuthi umshado wabazali bakhe "awusizi, ukhululekile futhi unengqondo." Ubaba wayesekhulile kunomama iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. UFrancois Baudelaire wathola izithombe futhi kusukela ebuntwaneni wanikezela indodana yakhe uthando lobuciko. Wayevame ukuhamba noCharles ezigumbini ezihlukahlukene nezamamyuziyamu, futhi wamtshela abanye abaculi abafana naye. UFrancois washona lapho umfana engeneminyaka eyisithupha ubudala. Ngemva konyaka, unina kaCharles washada. Okhethiweyo wakhe kwakunguGeneral Olik, ombongi ozayo owayengazange abe nobungane ngokushesha. Umshado wesibili womama waphula ukuthula kwengqondo kukaCharles. Wakha i-classical Oedipus complex. Ngenxa yalokhu, imbongi yesikhathi esizayo eyenziwa ebusheni bayo iningi elishaqisayo emisebenzini yomphakathi.

Ukufunda

Ngesikhathi eneminyaka engu-11 ubudala, uCharles Baudelaire, osencwadini yakhe yezincwadi eziningi, wayethuthela nomndeni wakhe eLyon. Lapho wabelwa esikoleni sokubhukuda, wabe eseya e-Royal College. Ngo-1836, umndeni wabuyela eParis, futhi uCharles wangena eLyceum yaseSt. Louis. Kamuva, lo mfana waxoshwa lapho ngenxa yecala. Ngo-1839, washaqeka abazali bakhe ngesitatimende sokuthi ufuna ukunikela impilo yakhe ezincwadini. Noma kunjalo, uCharles wayeseya esikhungweni seSikole, kepha wavela khona kakhulu. Isimbongi sesikhathi esizayo sasithandwa kakhulu ngumfundi womfundi weLatin Quarter. Yilapho lapho enza khona izikweletu eziningi futhi waba nemilutha yezidakamizwa. Kodwa "isipho" esivulekile kunazo zonke seQatter Quarter kwakuyi-syphilis. Kwakuvela kuye uBaudelaire ozofa engxenyeni yekhulu leminyaka kamuva.

Ukuhamba

Lapho ebona ukuthi indodana yakhe "ihamba" kanjani, abazali bakhe banquma ukuthatha lesi simo ngezandla zabo. I-India - yilapho, ngemiyalo kababa wakhe oyise, kwakuzohamba noCharles Baudelaire. Leli hambo laphela izinyanga ezimbili kuphela, njengoba umkhumbi wangena esiqhingini, ufike kuphela esiqhingini saseMauritius. Lapho imbongi yabuza induna ukuba imbuyise eFrance. Kodwa uhambo oluncane lwaluba nomthelela omkhulu emsebenzini kaBaudelaire. Emisebenzini yakhe yesikhathi esizayo kuyobe kulandelwa iphunga lolwandle, imisindo kanye nezindawo ezishisayo. Ngo-1842 uCharles Baudelaire, owaziwa ngezindaba ezihlukahlukene, wafika ebuntwini futhi wazuza ilungelo lokuba nefa. Ama-francs ayizinkulungwane ezingu-75 atholakale avumela le nsizwa ukuba iholele impilo engenandaba nokuphila okungenasidingo. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, isigamu sefa sabhidlika, futhi umama wasungulwa ngokomthetho ngemali esele.

Ukubamba iqhaza ku-revolution

UBaudelaire wacasula kakhulu ukuziphatha kwakhe. Wayebheka isenzo somama njengenxanxathela inkululeko yakhe. Ukuvinjelwa kwemali kwaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yakhe. UCharles wayenakho ukukhokha abakhokhisi, ngubani ozophishekela imbongi kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku. Konke lokhu kwandisa isimo sengqondo sokuvukela le nsizwa. Ngo-1848, imbongi uCharles Baudelaire yahlanganiswa nomoya we-Revolution kaFebruary futhi wahlanganyela emabuthanini e-barricade. Umbono wakhe ngalolu daba washintsha ukukhishwa kukaDisemba ka-1851. Le nsizwa yazizwa ingenandaba nezombusazwe futhi yalahlekelwa yinto enhle kuyo.

Ukudala

Umsebenzi wezombhalo wembongi uqale ngokubhala izihloko ezibucayi mayelana nabadwebi baseFrance (uDelacroix noDavid). Umsebenzi wokuqala owashicilelwa uCharles wabizwa ngokuthi "Salon of 1845". Ithonya elikhulu kulo mbongi osemusha lahlinzekwa ngemisebenzi ka-Edgar Poe. UCharles Baudelaire, oncwadi yakhe engakashicilelwa, wabhala izihloko ezibucayi ngaye. Wabuye wahumusha imisebenzi kaPo. Futhi nesithakazelo ekudaleni kwalowo mbhali uBaudelaire kulondolozwe konke ukuphila kwakhe. Kusukela ngo-1857 kuya ku-1867 emaphepheni wezincwadi, kuningi izinkondlo ezitholakala ku-prose, ebhalwe nguCharles. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, baqoqwa ngomjikelezo owodwa "iParis Splin" futhi banyatheliswa ngo-1869.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-Psychedelic

I-hero yalesi sihloko inomqondo ohluke kakhulu kulolo sichazo sesikhathi somphumela we-hashish emzimbeni womuntu . Kukhona nesimo sokuthi kukhona imisebenzi eminingi ukuthi, ngaphansi kwethonya lemithi yengqondo, uCharles Baudelaire wabhala ("Ukubhujiswa", njll). Kodwa akuqinisekisiwe.

Kusukela ngo-1844 kuya ku-1848 imbongi yayiyisivakashi esivamile ku "Club of Hashishists", esasungulwa nguJoseph-Jacques Moreau. Ngokuyinhloko uCharles wasebenzisa uDaviesc. Omunye ilungu leqembu, uTheophile Gautier, uthe uBaudelaire akazange amamukele ngokugcwele, kodwa wenza kuphela ngezinhloso zokuhlola. Yebo, futhi hashish kwaba imbongi enengekayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uCharles wayengumlutha we-opium, kodwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-50 wakwazi ukunqoba lo mkhuba. Kamuva, wadala umjikelezo wezihloko ezintathu ezinesihloko esithi "IPharadesi Lokufakelwa", lapho echaza ngokuningiliziwe izivivinyo zakhe ze-psychedelic.

Amabili asebenza nguBaudelaire Charles ("Inkondlo nge-hashish", "iwayini ne-hashish"), ayinikele ngokuphelele ekudleni. I-hero yalesi sihloko ibhekwe ezithakazelisayo umthelela walezi zinto emzimbeni, kodwa yayingahambisani nokuvuma kwabo ukugqugquzela umsebenzi wokudala. Ngokwembongi, iwayini lingenza umuntu ajabule futhi ajabule. Lesi sidakamizwa sazihlukanisa. "Iwayini, kunalokho, lidumisa intando, futhi i-hashish isichitha nje" - yilokho okushiwo uCharles Baudelaire. Ukuxhumana kulawa magama, kungatholakala ezihlokweni eziqanjiwe zembongi. Ngisho lapho wazama ukucabanga ngendlela ephikisanayo ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokuwela ekuziphatheni futhi ngaphandle kokwedlulisa imiphumela ye-psychotropic ye-hashish. Yingakho abafundi abaningi bethemba iziphetho zakhe.

I-harbinger ye-symbolism

"Izimbali Zobubi" - lokhu kuqoqwa izinkondlo, ngenxa yokuthi uCharles Baudelaire waba udumo ("I-Hymn to Beauty" - enye yemisebenzi yakhe edume kakhulu, eyayihlanganisa). Yanyatheliswa phakathi kuka-1857. Ngokumelene nabathengisi be-typographer, umshicileli kanye nomlobi, icala lokulwa nobugebengu lasungulwa ngokushesha. Basolwa ngokuhlambalaza nokuhlambalaza. Ngenxa yalokho, imisebenzi yakhe eyisithupha yathathwa kusukela eqoqweni lakhe nguCharles Baudelaire ("I-Hymn Beauty" yayingeyena wabo), futhi ukhokhela ama-francs ama-300. Izinkondlo ezisusiwe zizoshicilelwa eBelgium ngo-1866 (eFrance, ukucutshungulwa kuzosuswa kuphela ngo-1949). Ngo-1861, uhlelo lwesibili lwe "Izimbali Zobubi" lushicilelwa, olubandakanya imisebenzi emisha engamashumi amathathu. Futhi uBaudelaire wanquma ukushintsha okuqukethwe, ehlukanisa ngezigaba eziyisithupha. Manje iqoqo seliphenduke uhlobo oluthile lomlando we-imbongi.

Okuqukethwe

Okude kakhulu kwakuyisahluko sokuqala se-"Ideal and Spleen." Kulo, uBaudelaire "uphula" imicabango ephikisayo: ukuze athole ukuvumelana kwangaphakathi, uthandaza kokubili uSathane (isimiso sezilwane) noNkulunkulu (isimiso esingokomoya). Isahluko sesibili esithi "imidwebo yaseParis" ithatha abafundi emigwaqweni yenhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, ngokusho ukuthi uCharles uhamba kanjani usuku lonke, ehlushwa yizinkinga zakhe. Esahlukweni sesithathu uBaudelaire uzama ukuzinza izidakamizwa noma iwayini. Isahluko sesine se "Izimbali Zobubi" sichaza izono ezingenakubalwa nezilingo ngaphambi kokuba uCharles akwazi ukumelana nazo. Esesahlukweni sesihlanu, imbongi ivukela ngamandla isiphetho sayo. Isahluko sokugcina, esithi "Ukufa", kuwukuphela kokuhamba kweBaudelaire. Okuchazwe kuwo ulwandle luba uphawu lokukhululwa komphefumulo.

Love isosha esihlatshelelwayo

UJeanne Duval waba yintombazane yokuqala uCharles Baudelaire owaqala ukubhala. Izinkondlo ngothando zanikelwa kuye njalo. Ngo-1852 imbongi yayisihlukanisa okwesikhashana nale mulatto eyathandekayo, eyayilokhu imholela ekuzibulaleni ngokungathembeki nangama-antics enonya. I-Baudelaire Museum entsha yayingu-Appoloniya Sabatier, owayevame ukusebenza njengesibonelo futhi wayengabangane nabaculi abaningi. Ubuhlobo bakhe nomlobi kwakuyi-platonic kuphela.

Izifo

Ngo-1865, uCharles Baudelaire, owaziwa ngaye kulesi sihloko, washiya eBelgium. Ukuphila lapho kwakubonakala kunzima. Noma kunjalo, imbongi yasebenzisa cishe iminyaka emibili nengxenye kuleli zwe. Impilo kaCharles yayilokhu iwohloka. Ngenkathi elahlekelwa yilapho esontweni futhi wawela ezinyathelweni zamatshe.

Ngo-1866 imbongi imbongi yagula kakhulu. UCharles wachaza ukugula kwakhe ngale ndlela: ukuchofoza, ukudideka imicabango, ukuzwa ukuwa, isiyezi nosizi, ukuvutha okubandayo kubonakala, ukungaboni kahle kubonakala. Akazange akhulume i-syphilis ngezizathu ezisobala. Izinsuku zahamba, futhi impilo kaCharles yaqala ukuwohloka. Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, wathathwa esibhedlela esibhedlela saseBrussels. Kodwa emva kokufika kukaMama uBaudelaire wadluliselwa ehhotela. Isimbongi sasibheka kabi: ukubukeka okungekho, umlomo ophikisayo, ukungakwazi ukubiza amagama. Lesi sifo sathuthuka masinyane futhi odokotela bathi kumele kube khona isimangaliso ukuze kutholakale uCharles Baudelaire. Umlobi washona ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1867.

Amaqiniso anentshisekelo

• Sekuyiminyaka engu-17 uBaudelaire ahumusha imisebenzi ka-Edgar Allan Poe ngesiFulentshi. UCharles wayembheka njengomfowabo ongokomoya.
• Isimbongi sathola isikhathi esikhulu sokuvuselelwa kwenhloko-dolobha yaseFrance, esungulwa nguBaron Osman.
• EParis, imbongi yayiphila emahelini angaba ngu-40.

Charles Baudelaire - Iziqu

• "Ukuzijabulisa akuyona injabulo njengokusebenza."
• "Futhi kungani abesifazane bevunyelwe ukuya esontweni? Ngicabanga ukuthi bakhuluma ngani ngoNkulunkulu? ".
• "Ukuphila kungalinganiswa nesibhedlela lapho zonke iziguli zizama ukuhamba embhedeni okhululekile."
• "Owesifazane uyisimemo sokujabula."
• "Umsebenzi obunzima kunayo yonke ongenakukwazi ukuqala ngawo. Kuba yinto ebalulekile kuwe. "