Macrolides - imithi elwa namagciwane / izici Jikelele kanye isicelo

Macrolides - imithi elwa namagciwane, isakhiwo zazo yembula macrocyclic lactone indandatho. Zabo kuye kuma-athomu e-carbon ahlukaniswe 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), 15-membered (azithromycin), 16-membered (josamycin, midecamycin, spiramycin). Lezi izinto ezimatasa maqondana intracellular izimuncagazi (chlamydia, mycoplasma, Legionella, Campylobacter) kanye cocci Gram-HIV (aureus, piogenez). Macrolides - imithi elwa namagciwane okuqondene okungenani compounds ezinobuthi.

Muva nje kuye kwaba nokwanda kokungabi amagciwane abe nenkani ukuze isenzo alesi sigaba izidakamizwa. Ubufakazi besayensi bubonisa ukuthi kwezinye izimo macrolides 16-membered (midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin) agcine umsebenzi ngokumelene streptococci pyogenic futhi pneumococci, amelana 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), kanye 15-membered (azithromycin) ejenti ezithaka imithi. Macrolides - izidakamizwa ukuthi isinyathelo idiphtheria kanye pertussis, Legionella, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Listeria, chlamydia, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, ureplazmu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nezilwanyana ezincane omndeni Pseudomonas futhi Enterobakteriatsea babe ukumelana yemvelo bonke macrolides.

mshini wezenzo

Izidakamizwa kuleli qembu kwephula biosynthesis amaprotheni ku ribosomes lamaseli amagciwane abe nenkani. Macrolides - imithi elwa namagciwane, lapho abonise nethonya bacteriostatic. Lapho ukwabela Ukweqiwa esiphezulu abonise umsebenzi amagciwane ngokumelene pneumococcus, idiphtheria kanye pertussis. Le mithi ingase futhi abonise umphumela immunomodulatory futhi eqeda ukuvuvukala.

Le mithi basuke kalula ugxile pheshana gastro-emathunjini, ku adsorption yabo Umthelela bioactive izidakamizwa lokuhlushwa khona ekulungiseleleni, ifomu ngomthamo, kanye khona ukudla kanye lemali yayo. Ukudla iyehlisa bioavailability of erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin futhi medikamitsina, kunjalo akukho ukusebenza ngomhla ka-bioavailability we spiramycin, josamycin futhi clarithromycin.

Macrolides - imithi elwa namagciwane, ogama lokuhlushwa plasma lingaphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa izindwangu. Ngakho-ke bebizwa futhi izicubu antibiotic. isizukulwane esisha macrolides kalula abophezele plasma amaprotheni. Izinga eliphakeme plasma amaprotheni ngibopha yabonakala rodomiksinom (90%), ephansi - ne spiramycin (ngaphansi kuka-20%). izidakamizwa macrolide zabiwa kahle wonke umzimba, udala lokuhlushwa esiphezulu e izitho ezihlukahlukene nezicubu. Bona kalula ukungena ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi cell, ukudala olwenzeka abekelwe emaceleni intracellular.

imikhiqizo umzimba etholakala ngokuyinhloko Bile kanye nomchamo. Ngemva nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi ungaba imiphumela emibi njengoba ikhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukukhishwa isisu, ubuthakathaka jikelele, ukucobeka komzimba. Imithi elwa namagciwane kusho iqembu zinikwa izifo ezithathelwanayo elingenhla (sinusitis acute, tonzillofaringit streptococcal) kanye ephansi (pneumonia atypical, ukucinana kwemithambo yomoya emaphashini) umgudu, pertussis, idiphtheria, ugcunsula, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, periostitis, periodontitis, induna ezinzima, kampilobakterioznom Gastroenteritis, toxoplasmosis cryptosporidiosis.

Kuyinto engathandeki ukuba linqume alama-antibiotic ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngokwesayensi kungase kutholakale umphumela ongemuhle clarithromycin embungwini. Josamycin, spiramycin futhi erythromycin akudingeki kuyingozi ezingenzeka embungwini, ngakho lungasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Azithromycin ngesikhathi isetshenziswa uma eziphuthumayo. Iningi izidakamizwa-macrolide ingena obisini lukamama. Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa ibele kungcono uyeke ukusetshenziswa alama-antibiotic.