Bundestag - Iyini?

Bundestag - kwePhalamende we iFederal Republic of Germany (Deutscher Bundestag), umzimba uhulumeni unicameral emelela izithakazelo wonke abantu German. It yadalwa njengoba ngundlalifa Reichstag ngaphansi komthetho ka 1949, futhi kusukela ngo-1999 itholakala e-Berlin. Okwamanje ephalamende German iholwa Christian Democrat Norbert Lammert, okulesi kusukela ngo-Okthoba 18, 2005. It Bundestag ikhetha Federal Shansela, ngubani inhloko uhulumeni German.

imisebenzi

Uma sibheka ukwakheka kwazo zaso zezombangazwe Germany kuyinto republic ePhalamende lapho Bundestag - iyona igunya ezibaluleke kakhulu:

• Ukuba netjhebiswano Bundesrat, njengoba esethembise umshado emisebenzini yokushaya imithetho ekuthuthukiseni nokuthatha ezingeni federal, imithetho ehlukahlukene kanye nezichibiyelo uMthethosisekelo. Iphinde ratifies izivumelwano kanye nokwamukela isabelomali sikahulumeni.
• Bundestag ukhonza njengoba legitimizing nezinye iziphathimandla, kuhlanganise ivoti ikhandidethi kokuthunyelwe of Federal Shansela, futhi nawo uhilelekile kule amakhetho Federal uMongameli nabahluleli.
• Eliqondisa umsebenzi uhulumeni, okuyinto kufanele abike kuye, futhi ilawula ukuhamba amabutho ezweni.

Indawo dislocation

Ngemva kokuhlanganiswa Germany, Bundestag iyiswe isakhiwo Reichstag, ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka futhi kwalungiswa ngo umakhi Norman Foster. Kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1999, imihlangano yayiqhutshelwa Bundeskhauze (Bonn).

Izakhiwo asezindaweni Amahhovisi okuqondene ePhalamende, ezakhiwe eduze komunye nomunye nhlangothi zombili we Spree emfuleni kanye German ngokuthi uPawulu-Lobe-Haus kanye Marie-Elizabeth-Lüders-Haus behlonipha abasephalamende ezimbili ovelele Democrats.

okhethweni

Ukhetho ukuba ephalamende German ngokuvamile siqhutshwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine, ngaphandle amacala enkulu yokuchitheka ekuseni.

Bundestag - kwePhalamende, ukhetho okwenziwa kwisistimu hybrid, okungukuthi, zamaphini zikhethwa ngezabelo alinganayo ohlwini party futhi single-Igunya abajameli majoritarian emzuliswaneni olulodwa. Bundestag sakhiwa 598 amasekela zazo 299 akhethwa ukuvota nezizinda. Usiyala etholwe ukhetho kusukela amaqembu ngenxa yokhetho oqondile (by iningi ezifundeni), zigcine uhlu amasekela ezisuka, kubalwa ngaphansi ezilinganiselwe uhlelo lokhetho.

Okhethweni kuya German ephalamende iningi isici ingabe akukuningi yini okuhilelekile kuyi-ukusatshalaliswa izihlalo phakathi kwezinhlangano, ngaphandle uma othize phakathi kwezinhlangano ohlelweni uninominal uthola amalungu ePhalamende ezingaphezu kuka it ngabe wathola ngesisekelo uhlelo uhlu ngenye inhlangano kuphela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, lowo ophathwe ungase uthole ethile usiyala ezengeziwe (Überhangmandate). Ngokwesibonelo, Bundestag 17, owaqala umsebenzi Okthoba 28, 2009, inamalungu 622, 24 of them are abanikazi eziwanikwe ezengeziwe.

nokonakala ephalamende

UMongameli Federal (Bundespräsident) unelungelo ukuncibilikisa Bundestag ezimweni ezimbili:

1. Uma ngokushesha ngemva nomhlangano, futhi esimweni sokufa noma ukwesula, Chancellor we iFederal Republic of Germany, Bundestag awukwazi ukukhetha likaShansela entsha iningi ngokuphelele amavoti (Article 63, isigaba 4, Eziyisisekelo Umthetho Germany).
2. Ngokwe-Shansela sesiphakamiso, uma Bundestag antjintje isinqumo omubi indaba yokwethenjwa wasibeka ivoti Shansela (Isigaba 68, isigaba 1). Leso simo Kuvezwe ngo-1972, lapho Shansela Willy Brandt futhi uMongameli Gustav Heinemann, futhi ngo-1982, lapho Shansela Helmut Kohl kwaba, futhi uMongameli Karl Carstens. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, umphumela ivoti kwaba Chancellor wenqaba ukwethemba, ngemva kwalokho ukhetho kumele ubanjwe. Februwari 16, 1983, iNkantolo Yomthetho-sisekelo wagumbuqela ukwenqaba ukwethemba.

Ukwesula Gerhard Schröder

May 22, 2005, ngemva kokunqotshwa iqembu lakhe okhethweni yesifunda e North Rhine-Westphalia, Shansela Gerhard Schröder yamemezela inhloso yakhe ukuvotela udaba ukuthembana, ukunikeza umongameli "wonke amandla adingekayo ukuze usinqobe leso simo esibucayi wamanje."

Njengoba kungase kulindeleke, German Bundestag, uGerhard Schröder wenqaba ukwethemba (ngamavoti 151 ngokumelene amavoti 296 babezithiba amavoti 148). Ukulandela lesi Shansela bafaka sicelosikhalo esisemthethweni sokuchitha Bundestag igama Federal uMongameli Horst Köhler. Ka-July 21, 2005, umongameli isikhipha umyalo ukuncibilikisa futhi ushayele usuku lokubamba lolu khetho ngo-September 18, ngeSonto lokuqala emva ngamalanga wamaholideyi lokha iinkolo kanye ngeSonto eledlule ngaphandle kokuhamba ububanzi eyasungulwa isikhathi umthethosisekelo ezingu-60 ePhalamende. 23 no-25 Agasti, iNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo yasichitha isikhalo ezafakwa amaqembu amathathu amancane, kanye namasekela kusukela SPD uHelen Hoffman futhi Werner Schulz kusukela "Green" party.

Isakhiwo Bundestag German

Bundestag - iyona umzimba, ebaluleke kunazo zonke okuyizinto amayunithi isakhi amaqembu paramilitary obiziwe maqembuqembu. amaqembu ePhalamende ekuhleleni umsebenzi wesishayamthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulungiselela umsebenzi wemisebenzi, ukwethula izikweletu, izichibiyelo, njll

iqembu ngalinye liqukethe usihlalo (Fraktionsvorsitzender), eziningana isekela lakhe futhi Ephakeme KaHulumeni, okuhlangabezana masonto onke. Phakathi mpikiswano, kanye ngokwesiko kubhekwe ukuba bagcine esiqinile party isiyalo ukuvota (Fraktionsdiziplin). Iphalamende German kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi ivoti kuwo ngokuvamile kwenziwa uphawu usihlalo we iqembu ePhalamende.

Ukwakheka Bundestag sihlanganisa uMkhandlu Yabadala (Ältestenrat) kanye Bureau. UMkhandlu siqukethe Ehhovisi likaMongameli kanye nasemakhaya abadala 23 (abaholi amaqembu ePhalamende). It ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa izingxoxo phakathi kwezinhlangano, ikakhulukati kukaSihlallo emakomidini asephalamende ajenda. Ngokuqondene likaMongameli, sifaka okungenani chairmen futhi amaphini kasihlalo we iqembu ngalinye.

Ngamunye oluhambisana Ministry of weKomiti ePhalamende (manje bona inombolo 21). isiqondiso Jikelele inikeza usihlalo Bundestag, manje kunesithembiso kule post, Norbert Lammert.