Kobushiqela - uhlelo lapho umuntu eba kwesondo

Kobushiqela - a simiso zezombusazwe amandla, lapho isimo ngosizo abomthetho ukusungula ukulawula inani phezu zonke izici zomphakathi. Uhluka authoritarianism - nezinye umbuso non-yeningi - ukuthi uzama ukungena imicabango, empilweni yakho, ngisho izinkolelo zomuntu ngamunye. Uzama ukuphoqa ngisho ulungise ekuphileni komkhaya izakhamuzi isungule uhlelo ukubhekwa Imininingwane.

Ensimini ka ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union Namanje wathola phakathi izakhamuzi nostalgic izinsuku Stalin ukuhlupheka kanye ukulangazelela "isandla eqinile '. Basuke umelana nalabo abanemibono engqubuzanayo, ethi kobushiqela - kuyinto Stalinism. Bakhombe esivuna kakhulu inkolelo yakhe yokuziphendukela izizathu ezilandelayo: embusweni kukaStalin wabusa imibono esemthethweni "Marxism-Leninism", okuye kwadingeka ukuthi wabelane yibo bonke izakhamuzi. Fidelity ukuba lo mbono kwakufanele abonise konke futhi yonke indawo - ngokwesibonelo, amareferensi njengenye yentuthuko enkulu eyenziwa ukuphathwa sezenhlalo kwase kwandulelwe imisebenzi ngisho apolitical wesazi eembalweni.

Eyesibili agumenti ukuthi kobushiqela - lena Stalinism, wukuthi Ezweni amaSoviet naleso sikhathi eyayibekwe control amaphoyisa, kanye ingqikithi. Kusukela enkulisa yayikhuthaza nomuzwa wokuthi yonke yezwe abahlala ayezungezwe izitha, kokubili yangaphandle - "amazwe kaplagerya" lingabacindezeli futhi yangaphakathi - saboteurs ngubani enkulu yokuhlaselwa. Lokhu "isitha sabantu" kungaba yisiphi isakhamuzi, futhi abantu abaningi besaba Abamele ekhethekile amandla onke isakhiwo - the Cheka, NKVD, kamuva i-KGB.

Esivuna yokuthi kobushiqela - lena Stalinism, futhi ibonisa uhlelo eyodwa yangaphandle uhulumeni. ICommunist Party of absolutism ngemibono ukhiqiza - zonke "deviationism" ngesihluku bayoshushiswa. Zonke izinhlangano, abezindaba kanye nemfundo angaphansi iqembu linqoba. Zonke izakhamuzi beswela ilungelo ephikisayo. Umnotho ngokugcwele kulawulwa isimo, yimuphi izinkampani ezizimele is esizicabangelayo njengezaba yokungena kwi angahlelekile amandla Generating engenayo. Ngo ngezinga elikhulu usebenzisa labour senceku (Gulag).

Ngakho kulokho lifaka njengoba nostalgic yethu abanye abadala bethu? Uma-ke wona wawungemubi kangako, kungani abaningi bazizwa ngaleyo ndlela ezifana umfanekiso "zonke ezinye abasubathi" futhi "uyise wezizwe" UStalin wathambisa isandla? Yebo, iSoviet Union of the 1930 kwaba kombuso wobushiqela, kodwa ngezinye inkathi kamuva kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba lo okuthiwa. Kamuva isimiso samaSoviet, kunalokho, uyeza ngaphansi incazelo authoritarianism. Lezi izinhlelo ezimbili kukhona uhulumeni wengcindezelo - authoritarianism kanye kobushiqela - kuningi esifana, kodwa omunye umehluko kubaluleke kakhulu. Uhlelo lokuqala akafuni ukungena futhi ukusungula ukulawula zonke izici zomphakathi, kungagcini wezombangazwe nezenkolo yokungakholelwa.

Lapho authoritarianism kukhona ungqimba sabantu azizwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukhululekile futhi ephephile - ukusebenza emadolobheni amakhulu e-USSR, abasesigabeni esiphakathi esengaphansi de Gaulle eFrance, nezimboni ezinkulu ngaphansi Pinochet. Ngaphansi kobushiqela nokuvikeleka engazizwa akekho, ngaphandle iqembu elibusayo. Umlando kwekhulu lamashumi amabili igcwele enjalo imibuso ekhethekile. Wazalwa igama elithi "kobushiqela" e-Italy kukaMussolini, kodwa wathola ukubonakaliswa yayo extreme kakhulu ngemva kwesikhashana - amaNazi Third Reich amafilosofi kaHitler kwe-Khmer Rouge, Maoism, Turkmenistan ngaphansi Turkmenbashi futhi imfundiso ka "Juche" e-North Korea