Umzabalazo wekulwa cosmopolitanism eU.SSR kafushane. Ukuqala umzabalazo wokulwa cosmopolitanism: ngonyaka. Izizathu ngokumelene cosmopolitanism

Umzabalazo wekulwa cosmopolitanism, usuku lapho sima siqine emlandweni Soviet, iye kugunyazwe uhulumeni. Kwaba umkhankaso ngemibono ngokumelene izakhamuzi, emelela, ngokuvumelana nokuhola wezwe, ingozi esimweni. Ahluke imicabango, bengavumelani nesiqondiso Inqubomgomo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle ka uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Cabangela eminye kanjani ekulweni cosmopolitanism.

Uhlolojikelele

Umzabalazo wekulwa cosmopolitanism e-USSR, ngamafuphi, ngokuqondile nezazi Soviet. Ayebhe- abathwali imibono pro-Western. Ukuqala kwaphawulwa emzabalazweni kanye cosmopolitanism? umkhankaso usuku kuvumelana nesikhathi sempi abandayo. target Its main kwaba amasiko isayensi, amaJuda Soviet. Bonke babezibheka isiRashiya, Nokho, baye basolwa wuhulumeni entula izwe, izibopho kanye West, ukuhoxa kusukela Marx nemibono kukaLenin.

Izizathu ngokumelene cosmopolitanism

Ukunqoba e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe iye yabangela nokuziqhenya wezwe kuleli ubuqhawe abantu, umdlandla owaba khona enamandla yokushisekela izwe. Konke wasehlanyela izingqondo zabantu ngethemba lokwenza ngcono ephilayo, ukunwetshwa inkululeko, ukuphumula eqinile nakho ngeke kusize ukulawula isimo ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kodwa sekwephuzile Cold War. It phephetha inkolelo ikusasa eliqhakazile. Njengoba izimpawu zokuqala Oqala ukungezwa aze agcine ubudlelwano wezwe ne West inqubomgomo isimo ngo-1946, uhulumeni ingcindezi abameleli onxiwankulu kanye nezazi. Ngo omagazini ethandwa ishicilelwe Amakhasi phambi iKomiti Central isiko yokubusa. Ngo izinhlelo "Leningrad" futhi "Inkanyezi" zazibhekwa abalobi, izimbongi, abenzi mafilimu, abaqambi. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Akhmatova, Dovzhenko, Zoshchenko, Twardowski, Eisenstein, Shostakovich, Prokofiev. Bona, njengabanye abaningi, abangu ungachazwa ngesinqumo Central Committee sika njengoba nabantu abanenhlamba futhi oziphethe kabi. Esiqalekisweni uhulumeni okubangelwa umsebenzi Tarle. Wamangalelwa ngokuvukela, ngokukhethekile, iphutha count besizukulwane seMpi YaseCrimea, lokulungisiswa izimpi ezenzeka ngaphansi uCatherine II. Lokhu konke ephelezelwa ashintsha kusuka ezikhundleni zabo, ukuboshwa. Laba bantu bashushiswa ngenxa yalokho abasuke babezibheka ngezinga elithile esizimele imibono kweSoviet Union, ukuzikhethela phakathi East and West. Igama elithi "exubile embozwa ngelithi" kusho isiqalo nesigcino. Siveza ukuxhunywa kwe-mhlabeni, kungakhathaliseki kulokho izwe wazalwa futhi izimpilo.

Umzabalazo wekulwa cosmopolitanism eU.SSR (kafushane)

Nge-first charge abantu ukulandela amasiko Western kwaqala ukuvela phambi abandayo, ngisho ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngakho, owaziwa ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu ngokumelene nalabo awavumelani nokubekelwa isakhiwo setepolitiki yezwe. Uma sikhuluma owahola umzabalazo wokulwa cosmopolitanism e-USSR, kwaba ngokungangabazeki uStalin. Safakwa umfutho emkhankasweni inkulumo yakhe Meyi 24, 1945, uStalin waveza ukubaluleka abantu isiRashiya, ukusibiza amandla asiqondisayo ka sonke isizwe. Konke ayekusho ayematasa osekelwa cindezela Soviet. Ezingqondweni zabantu ke wawugxile inkolelo yokuthi kwaba Russian kwakungamadodana amandla main owabhubhisa AmaNazi ukuthi ngaphandle kosizo lwabo, asikho esinye isizwe sase-Soviet Union, le ngeke bakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nesimo. wonke Lo mkhankaso waba ngaphansi banner lokushisekela ubuzwe kulinywe. Ngokuvamile e angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo namajenali bashukwa cosmopolitanism, ngamafuphi, lilingana nokuchitha imali engu kukaStalin kwamaJuda. Lo mbono wavezwa-mlando eziningi.

imigomo

imikhankaso ngemibono e ngemva kwempi ziye ziyasatshalalaiswa futhi kubange okukhulu ukukhala umphakathi. Injongo eyinhloko yawo uhulumeni, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, kwaba Ukuhlakulela nokulondoloza ukulawula izizwe zokukhwabanisa eminye. Umzabalazo wekulwa cosmopolitanism (unyaka ukubonakaliswa yokuqala - 1948) bekulokhu ngaphansi ukulalelisisa ka uStalin. Wamfaka anencazelo ekhethekile ngemibono.

"Izinkantolo udumo"

Indlela has emzabalazweni kanye cosmopolitanism? 1948 kubhekwa isikhathi brilliant kunazo zako. "Tinkhantolo udumo" ezazakhiwe ekuthatheni isinyathelo uStalin. Imfundo yazo - ekuqaleni ezisemthethweni ekulweni cosmopolitanism. "Izinkantolo udumo" kwadingeka ukuhlonza kuwukubonakaliswa sycophancy futhi servility ukuba isiko West. Basuke uphathiswe duty ukuqeda underestimation indima abaholi isiko amaSoviet nasemakamu isayensi ekuthuthukiseni impucuko izwe. Ukuqala umzabalazo wokulwa cosmopolitanism ubephelezelwa ushushiso lokuqala lamaJuda. Lo mkhankaso owaqhutshelwa e yonke imizi yezwe. Izinkantolo eyitshatha yonke iminyango. Babebheka izenzo engamukelekile anti-isimo nezenzo ukuthi awekho ngaphansi isijeziso ngaphansi linqoba ngesikhathi Criminal Code.

Case "KR"

Kwaba isikhathi umkhankaso ezinkulu kukho konke zocwaningo kuleli zwe. Ososayensi Klyuyev futhi Roskin wadala ngo-1947, i-izidakamizwa ngempumelelo yokulwa nomdlavuza. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "elingenamikhono krucina izikhali" ( "CR"). Ukutholwa ngokushesha nentshisekelo Melika. I-US ahlinzekwa ukuqhuba ucwaningo ngokuhlanganyela. Lapho beqeda ahlinzekwa ukushicilela incwadi. Isivumelwano olufanele yathinteka ngemvume kahulumeni. EMelika Parin (Academician-uNobhala AMN) sithunyelwe. Wasinika America isitsha izidakamizwa futhi irekhodi uhlaka biotherapy izimila ebulalayo. Zonke lezi zenzo Parin enziwe kwemvume kaNgqongqoshe wezeMpilo wase-USSR. Kodwa umcimbi wazibonakalisa Angenelisekile kakhulu nge uStalin. Base bebuya Melika Parin baboshwe. Wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-25 ngaphansi sihloko: "Ngugobe." Ngaphezu kwalokho, ecaleni Roskin futhi Klyuyev.

Umkhankaso eLeningrad

Umzabalazo wekulwa cosmopolitanism ayenziwa futhi umuzi iNeva. Ngo-1948, waba phakathi nendawo mkhankaso. Namandla kunomFilisti zonke wahlupheka esuka kude impela eLeningrad University. On amandla zomlando philological babe ukuboshwa kwaba kanye ukuxoshwa osolwazi engcono. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona Weinstein, uHooke, Rabinovich, Mavrodin nabanye. AmaJuda zaxoshwa esikoleni iziqu. Ngemva kokuphothula inyuvesi, ngemva ukusatshalaliswa ezikutholile isiqondiso abafileyo wesifundazwe noma ngisho wahlala abangasebenzi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside ke kuyekisiwe amaJuda ngokwamukela ekufundiseni okuthunyelwe. Zonke abasebenzi nabafundi ayenqatshelwe ukushicilela emaphephabhukwini ngamazwe. Umzabalazo wekulwa cosmopolitanism laba usizo olukhulu "ososayensi Okuqukethwe akuzwakali." Abaningi babo esetshenziswa kufihlwe izincwadi angaphandle emthethweni, enika ukushicilelwa bebodwa.

isetshenziswe ngomqondo ongathandeki kwegama elithi

Ngo-March 1945 Aleksandrov yashicilela isihloko ephephabhukwini "Izinkinga of Philosophy". Kuyo osolwa yokucwaswa unpatriotic abavelele ezifana Trotsky, Milyukov, Bukharin. Cosmopolitans, ngokombono wakhe, abangu Kwesobunxele Socialist Abavukeli namaKhomanisi, ngokukhethekile, owazihlanganisa amaNazi phakathi nempi, Jikelele vlasov. Kuyinto kulesi sihloko, izazi-mlando eziningi attribute ukubukeka ngomqondo elikhanyayo omubi kwethemu. Kwesilungu liqhathaniswa 'bayizitha zabantu "noma" zingabakhapheli zezwe lokhokho. " Alexandrov esihlokweni sakhe ngokuthi amagama athile. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka umhleli oyinhloko 'Izinkinga of Philosophy "- ukuthi umagazini lapho ishicilelwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi emzabalazweni kanye cosmopolitanism rootless lidlule ku izincwadi.

"Iqembu Anti-yokushisekela izwe yaseshashalazini baxgeki"

Stalin, enika ngemibono ukubaluleka umkhankaso, wayevame eyanyatheliswa ngo ehola omagazini ngaphansi mbumbulu. Ngakho, wanyathelisa isihloko ephephandabeni "Pravda". Kwakukhona izincazelo eziningana umqondo, kodwa izincwadi linwetshelwe kuphela "exubile rootless". Ngo-1949, kwagqashuka ukushayisana yangempela phakathi abagxeki Theatre Ezomphakathi ikhanda we-Union of Abalobi. Okokuqala ezihlokweni lakhe ibingamashumi Opal umkhiqizo Socialist (fadeev, ikakhulukazi). Lesi sakamuva, esikhundleni salokho, osolwa abagxeki cosmopolitanism. Umqalisi we izingxabano kwaba Popov, mathupha ukuvusela ukunakwa kukaStalin nesehlakalo. Umphumela waba i umkhankaso ulwa emikhulu ngokumelene cosmopolitanism kumibuthano etemibhalo. Onzima hit, yebo, amaJuda aphinde.

imiphumela

Umzabalazo wekulwa cosmopolitanism kwaholela ngabodwa abantu baseSoviet sika nezwe. Abanye abacwaningi bathi, lonke mkhankaso ngu Stalin umkhankaso ukoma izinqubomgomo zabo (zakwamanye amazwe yasekhaya). Phakathi imiphumela kufanele ngokuthi zokunqanda nomthelela omubi ukuthuthukiswa isayensi Soviet namasiko. I kungenzeka ososayensi kanye nezishoshovu abangu ikhinyabezwa. Kucinisa kulawula ngemibono kakhulu waphonsa eSoviet Union emuva uma ziqhathaniswa West. Njengoba isibonelo, umgwaqo ukuvala Genet yasekhaya. Academician Lysenko ukuthi silawula agrobiology. Baningi odokotela, ososayensi inhlabathi kanye nezinye izifundiswa ziye chasiselwe uhlelo yokugcina. Lokhu kanzima sebehlushwa ukuthuthukiswa izindawo ezibalulekile Agro-begazi. Lo mkhankaso wagxeka amagatsha ebaluleke kakhulu isayensi ayenqatshelwe abambisane nozakwabo bakwamanye amazwe. Ngokuyisisekelo kwathiwa kungagcini kungenzeka ingxoxo yokukhuluma phakathi kwezisebenzi sifunde kakhulu futhi eziphambili.

isiphetho

Kumele wathi ukuthi impi yokulwa cosmopolitanism kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ukubonakaliswa kwamaJuda. Nokho, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, kwakungadingeki okuqondiswe amaJuda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emikhulu ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu, ezifana ababekuso neminyaka engu-30, lwenziwe. Inhloso esemqoka umzabalazo kwaba wasithatha umcabango kwezenhlalo kanye nekusungulwa ukulawula ke. Ngenxa nezenzo zikahulumeni, "izitsha udumo" kwabangelwa umonakalo emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi. ukulinganiselwa Obalulekile olusungulelwe inkululeko yokukhuluma, wacabanga, ukunyatheliswa. UHulumeni oholwa yi nemisebenti lehlose ngabodwa wezwe kusukela noma iliphi ithonya Western. Kwakuwukuzidela yokuzithandela isimo enkundleni ngamazwe. Ngo nomphakathi wamaSoviet, wasebenza onamabala igunya zokuziphatha futhi yesayensi West. Ngokungangabazeki umthelela iMpi Yomshoshaphansi kucinisa umkhankhaso. Stalin, ukuhlola isimo emhlabeni futhi kuleli zwe, wanquma ukuba ngihlele kabusha nangezindlela inkulumo-ze yamaKhomanisi kanti imibono evamile ngokumelene ephikisayo ukuze aqinise wokushisekela izwe phakathi kwabantu. Ngesikhathi sobandlululo abathintekayo abasebenzi bezizwe ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, njengoba kufakazelwa izincwadi zomlando, abantu buhlungu enkulu kumaJuda.