Yini elindele Ukraine esikhathini esizayo? Ikusasa Ukraine: sezulu singaba njani. ibalazwe Ikusasa Ukraine

Namuhla abantu abaningi babuze: lokho elinde Ukraine esikhathini esizayo? Kakhulu ukuphila kumatasa manje abahlala ezweni: Euromaidan, ababhikishi, imibuthano abazihlelele izinguquko ngamandla ... Lapho futhi lokho kuzophela izibhelu ezweni? Njengoba ezothuthukiswa kule ubudlelwane esizayo phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili ezihlotsheni, Russian futhi Ukraine? Yini akulungele ukuhamba ubuholi Ukrainian kute simo sibuyele kulesetayelekile kuleli zwe? Ake sizame ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki isimo.

Ukraine: Chronicle of Imicimbi

Indlela Bonke baqala? 28-29 Novemba 2013 e Vilnius kwakuhlelwe isiqongo "Eastern lobambiswano" anikezelwe ukusayinwa kwesivumelwano ukuhlobana phakathi EU ne-Ukraine. Kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi Uhulumeni imemezele ukumiswa amalungiselelo lesi senzakalo lebalulekile kulelive. Novemba 21 maphakathi Kiev kwaba nombhikisho lokuqala, injongo eyinhloko owawungumnyaka ukweseka Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu. Le ngqungquthela ka "Eastern lobambiswano" Namanje aphethwe. Kodwa isivumelwano inhlangano ye-Ukraine futhi EU sasayinwa kuso. Kwase kuzoqala igagasi elisha imibhikisho. Uqhekeko ababhikishi medium "elinganiselayo" futhi ezizivelelayo. Disemba 1 Independence House Kugcine anqobe izinyunyana kanye kwakhiwe Kyïv Rada. Manje abantu akuzona kuphela esivuna ukusayina wokukhushulwa Ukraine isivumelwano EU, kodwa futhi sasifuna ukwesula uhulumeni wamanje, eholwa kaMengameli uViktor Yanukovych. Kodwa kwakukhona nalabo ababelapho ngokumelene nombuso wakwa-Kuhlangana nge amazwe e-EU. Ngokubambisana obuseduze Russia, babona ikusasa Ukraine. Ukugxila ekuthuthukisweni yayo okunye uma akekho owaba nesibindi ukukwenza. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imibhikisho kanye izibhelu ezizivelelayo abezempi emigwaqweni baqhubeka. Ngenxa yalokho, Verkhovna Rada ngoNhlolanja owaketulwa Viktora Yanukovicha emandleni, sichitshiyelwe umthetho-sisekelo wezwe laqokwa Isilawuli Oleksandr Turchynov kokuthunyelwe of ibamba likamengameli. Lokhu kwabangela ukuhlolwa okuxubile nezwe ezombangazwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eMoscow okuphikisana izenzo ezinjalo uhulumeni Ukrainian, ebabizela engumlanjwana. US kanye EU abaholi ukusekela Kiev lanamuhla. Yisiphi isenzakalo esingakabonakali esizolandela? Nationals umbono ezahlukene ikusasa Ukraine.

Yini elindele izwe ngemuva kokhetho ngo-May 25?

UViktor Yanukovych ngenkani ikhishiwe ukusuka amandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ahambe kuleli zwe lapho ukuphila kwabo kusengozini. Inhloko kahulumeni isibe Arseny Yatsenyuk, akekho noyedwa kulaba baholi main eliphikisayo ku Maidan. Ngo-May 25 wokhetho lobumengameli e-Ukraine. Echaza contender esiyinhloko sokuba umongameli. Lesi sikhonzi esingumakad 'ex-prime Yulia Tymoshenko kanye oligarch Petr Poroshenko. Ake sizame ukuthola indlela yokhetho oluzayo kuzothinta ikusasa Ukraine. Ngemva Independence izinkanuko kuleli zwe liyakhuphuka. ososayensi zezombusazwe Western bakholelwa ukuthi ngokhetho kanye ukuguqulwa okwalandela e-Ukraine kuzoholela kuqiniswa futhi ukuzinza of isimo eziwohlokayo ngalesi sikhathi komnotho. eliphezulu kakhulu ukuzethemba isilinganiso yi Bakwethu kusukela ikhandidethi kamongameli Petro Poroshenko. abahlaziyi abaningi zezombusazwe bebakholwe bonyana yona izokwenza uwine ukhetho. Umsebenzi wakhe, ngokusho kwabanye abahlaziyi bezombusazwe, sizoqala nge resumption yempikiswano ukubuya eCrimea ku Ukraine. Kuba njalo nomthelela ongemuhle ebudlelwaneni obukhona phakathi Russia nase-"ukuzimela." Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoba nomthelela Kuhlanganiswe yokugcina ne-EU. Okungenani, into yokuqala uzimisele ukwenza njengoba umongameli, ngakho-ke isethwe umbuso visa-free namazwe e-EU. Ngo Yulii Timoshenko amathuba ukuwina ukhetho ngaphansi, njengoba abaningi bekholelwa ukuthi i-eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe kuqhathaniswa nokuhlala kwakhe kulesi sikhundla. Nakhu ukuthi wazwakalisa inqubomgomo ye-Ukraine esikhathini esizayo uma uba inhloko isimo: "Ezweni akha likaMengameli eqinile. Yena uyobe kuncike zonke izakhiwo isimo. inqubomgomo Tymoshenko sika uzogxila West. Njengoba-Russia ke noMongameli wakhe Mma eyokwakhela "efudumele" futhi ubuhlobo ukuthembana, ukuze uthole okuningi kuzo. Kahle kahle, lokhu kusebenza gas amanani. Ngakho, lona wesifazane ngeke ngempumelelo uzulazule phakathi EU neRussia. "

Isimo somnotho e-Ukraine manje nasesikhathini esizayo

abezindaba Russian ukugcina ukuphinda ulwazi nesimo esingokwezimali Ukraine kushiya okuningi okufanele oyifunayo namuhla. umnotho wezwe libhujiswa. It ngokuphelele kuncike nemalimboleko futhi lisizwa eYurophu nase-United States. Mhlawumbe lokhu ulwazi mayelana nesimo sezimali e-Ukraine futhi nehaba, kodwa iqiniso lokuthi leli zwe ukusekelwa okubalulekile kusukela ngaphandle, ukugwema okuzenzakalelayo, lokhu kuyefana kakhulu iqiniso. Ake sizame ukubikezela ikusasa kwezomnotho Ukraine. Isibikezelo abahlaziyi kulesi sici kuyinto esidumazayo. I-European Union namuhla kunzima ukudlulisa yonke usizo kungenzeka emnothweni Ukraine kazwelonke. Lokhu kubolekisa ngemali nosizo ukunciphisa ukuncika igesi Russian, kanye nokwehla imisebenzi namasiko kwepahla abasuka emazweni izimpahla Ukraine. Nokho, lokhu usizo akusilo oludlulele. Ukuze ukhokhele konke. Futhi Ukraine esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuyodingeka bakhokhe ukuze zonke lezi "izibusiso": akhokhe izikweleti ngesithakazelo, futhi benze izinguquko eziphawulekayo izinqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle aphula umthetho kwezezimali okwenziwa abantu abavamile. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokusho kongoti, izwe luzoqhutshwa ku nenhlekelele ngisho ezijulile ngokwezomnotho. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, EU enqaba ukukusiza Ukraine, njengoba zonke izinyathelo ukubuyisela umnotho walo kuyoba ingaphelele. ingozi Okuningi impahla yabo inhlalakahle ngenxa iYurophu isimo ungafuni. Yini elindele Ukraine esikhathini esizayo kulokhu? Lapha ezweni, uhulumeni manje uzama ukusenza buthaka ithonya eMoscow isimo kuleli zwe kungenzeka iphoqeleke ukuba sicele usizo ngesiRashiya. Okwamanje, uMengameli Vladimir Putin wathi akenqabi nokuxhasa ngezimali Ukraine. Kodwa ukwaba ukubolekisa umakhelwane, uhulumeni waseRussia kungenziwa kuphela uma kukhona uhulumeni esizwakalayo zimiswe.

Imephu Ukraine ngemva Isibikezelo yokuhlukanisa

Muva nje, bambalwa abantu babekholelwa ukuthi eCrimea kuyoba Russian futhi. Kodwa kuze kube manje, kunjalo. Futhi eYurophu nase-United States kufanele aqaphele lokhu njengendlela accompli fait. May 11, 2014 inhlolovo owawusedolobheni Lugansk futhi IDonetsk ezifundeni, okwaphumela izakhamuzi kulezi zifunda isimemezele ubukhosi bazo. Kodwa uma osopolitiki emhlabeni ukuqaphela leli qiniso? Futhi manje kuzokwenzekani esanda kubalwa Luhansk futhi IDonetsk Yabantu Republic? kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufake amayunithi njengochwepheshe abazimele ku Ukraine noma Russia wanxusa kuhulumeni kanye isicelo ukuthatha kwabo? ochwepheshe Political bathi kuze kube muva nje kungenzeka ukuvimbela wokugoqa yezwe yi federalization futhi unikeza amalungelo xaxa izifunda. Futhi namhlanje akukho isimo yokuthi isimo elahlekile eCrimea, futhi ematfuba exclusion-mpumalanga, ogama labantu akubona bonke ukuxhasa uhulumeni wamanje eKiev. Yini elindele Ukraine esikhathini esizayo? Sekuyisikhathi wenze izinguquko ezithile endleleni ibalazwe yezwe? Ngokusho ngezinkanyezi Pavel Globa, kuze 2020 zokugcina obumbi bomnotho kulelizwe. Lapho liqedwa, siguqulwe ibalazwe sezwe sezombangazwe. Ngo-2014, isimo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu. Fike of them kube yingxenye Russia, njengoba manje ukubona isibonelo eCrimea. Ingxenye yesibili kuyoba abenqaba ukulalela Kiev futhi yakha ekuphathweni ayo, kuthiwani sibona okwamanje ku Donbass. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba la madoda abhula ngezinkanyezi uthi, ensimini ka isimo kungase futhi ulahlekelwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi Ukraine ngokwayo emva ophuma sezomnotho esimanzonzo emhlabeni njengoba isimo ngeke usaba khona. Njengoba, Nokho, futhi EU. Lena imibono subjective futhi umhlahlo pavla Globy.

Yini esongela Ukraine, ukulahlekelwa ezindaweni empumalanga?

Ngemva inhlolovo ngo-May 11 laseDonetsk futhi Luhansk imemezele ukuzimela. Kule ndaba kuphakama umbuzo: Yini elindele Ukraine esikhathini esizayo uma engawuboni ulahlekelwe lezi zindawo? ososayensi Yezombangazwe lo mbuzo waveza umbono ezivamile: isimo ngeke ukubabuyisela ngokugcwele loans anikezwe European Union ne-United States. IMF uxwayisa Kiev kwesokudla ukuthi uma ukulahlekelwa ezindaweni zabo empumalanga kungadinga ngezimali ezengeziwe komnotho. Ngempela, laseKharkov, Lugansk futhi IDonetsk ezifundeni tibheke kuya ku-30% wamabhizinisi yezimboni isimo. Ngokusho abahlaziyi Russian, ikusasa Ukraine - ku federalization yezwe. Lokho kungaba ukulisindisa uqhekeko.

Ukraine kanye 'abashisekeli "yayo abanethonya

I-EU futhi US ukukhuthalele asekelayo uhulumeni wamanje ekhatsi Kiev, zithi kungasimamisi isimo ezweni Russia. Ukuze ingxenye yabo, ukwethula unswinyo entsha ngokumelene eMoscow, abafisa kanjalo "uvalo" we Russian Federation futhi ukususa ithonya ezombusazwe Ukraine. Yini eshukumisa abaholi bakwa-Europe ne-United States ngesikhathi esifanayo? Ingabe kudingeka nje babeke injongo noyedwa: ukulondoloza State kusuka ucabanga nokuhlukanisa inkokhelo? Ake sizame ukuba sihlaziye isimo wadala futhi ukuthola ukuthi yini umthelela lo nosizo imizamo unqobe bomnotho nezombusazwe e-Ukraine? Iningi ososayensi zezombusazwe Russian bavumelane yokuthi United States kule "umdlalo" Kuwumgomo eyodwa kuphela: ukuletha Ukraine ku NATO nendawo yamayunithi enhlangano eduze komngcele Russia. abahlaziyi abaningi sebefike esiphethweni sokuthi kungase kwenzeke kahle maduze. Izwe ijoyina NATO, naseWashington uzokwazi siqaphe izenzo eMoscow, walubeka Russian lempi base imingcele. Ngokuqondene yesibili abavikela eziyinhloko zezwe, futhi lapha yonke into icacile. Kulindeleke ukuthi i-EU ne-Ukraine kufanele uvule izimakethe kwabo komunye nomunye. EU amazwe ufuna ezintsha yokuthengisa amaphuzu imikhiqizo yabo. Kulokhu, Ukraine nabantu bayo abayizigidi ezingu-46 kuyoba nesandla Ngaphawula ushintsho oluhle emnothweni EU. Kodwa kukhona omunye umgomo ezivamile kanye "ababheki" yasesifundeni sase: buthakathaka Russian Federation, okuyinto esanda ukudlala indima nakakhulu enkundleni yomhlaba. UMengameli Vladimir Putin, uyaqiniseka ukuthi ikusasa Ukraine neRussia - seduze ibhizinisi nokubambisana phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili kanye nokwesekwa. Abantu ababili ahlobene babe umfela ukuba sibhekane ngokuphumelelayo kuwukuphikisana zamanje kwezombusazwe tetemnotfo. Yilokhu ubiza Russian futhi Ukraine. Uma thina uthinte zezibikezelo zabafundi bezinkanyezi izangoma, iningi labo ungayiboni Ukraine e -EU. Imibandela ukungena inhlangano namakhono izwe sokuboshwa manje, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi ekubumbaneni akunakwenzeka ukuba kuyoke kwenzeke.

Indlela yokuphuma esibucayi

Indlela yokusombulula izinkinga ezikhungethe ngokucindezela Ukraine namuhla? UHulumeni zamanje uqinisekisa labantu ngaleyo ndlela - ukujoyina EU. Kusolakala badinga kuphela ubekezele, ukuya kulesi sikhathi esinzima, ukunciphisa nezinzuzo zezenhlalo futhi sandise yerenti, bese konke kuzolunga. I-EU ne-US uyonika imali emnothweni isimo sika uye savuka futhi waqala ekukhuleni kwayo. Izigebengu nezakhamuzi nje ukuthi maduze ngeke siphile baseYurophu, ukuthenga imikhiqizo eyikhwalithi kanye uthola iholo ehloniphekile. Kodwa ingabe kunjalo? Ukungahlaliseki uyaqhubeka kuleli zwe. ibalazwe Political Ukraine ngemva Maidan ishintshile kakade. I Russian Federation unqume ukuvikela izakhamuzi Russian. Waba yini umphumela walesi isivele eyaziwa - Ukraine ilahlekelwe eCrimea, okuyinto abantu abangaphezu kuka-70% Russian. Manje, yena ungalahlekelwa nomthelela omkhulu futhi Donbass ukuthi omubi kakhulu emnothweni. Okuphuma lapha ingaba yinye kuphela, ngokuvumelana ososayensi abaningi Russian zezombusazwe: uhulumeni kufanele ubuso bayo kubantu, ukuyeka ukusebenza ingajezisa empumalanga ukuthatha ngenxa yazo zonke izifiso zabantu bayo. UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi we Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov iye yaxoxa ngamezwi enguNobhala indlela yokuphuma izinkinga sezombusazwe kanye nezenhlalakahle e-Ukraine. Chief phakathi kwabo - lena federalization yezwe. Yilokho kanye abaningi eMpumalanga wafuna. Umnotho wase-Ukraine uyoguqulwa ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo. Lokhu kwabenza baqiniseka abahlaziyi abaningi namuhla. Kodwa kanjani izothuthukangokuhamba kuzoya kakhulu ngokuthi yikuphi kwalokho kuzobe sekwenziwa isinqumo nguhulumeni ekhatsi Kiev namuhla.

Isimo abaholi banamuhla e-Ukraine

Futhi ubone ukuqhubeka abantu bakuleli zwe namhlanje emandleni e Kiev? Nazi ezinye izibikezelo ngekusasa Ukraine benza. Ukulingisa noNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle Andrei Deshitsa uthi kusukela eMoscow njalo wathola iziyalezo zendlela ukwenza ekhatsi Kiev kunoma isiphi isimo,. Lesi simo, ngokombono wakhe, kufanele ibe ngu- lutho. Kuzosiza Ukraine e-European Union ne-United States. Kuyinto e-European Union ebona ikusasa lezwe lakhe ohlakaniphile. Ngivumelana naye futhi Undunankulu wase-Ukraine Arseniy Yatsenyuk. Wathi izwe akufanele ujoyine EU, hhayi Customs Union. Buciko imisebenzi kaMongameli Ukraine ngalesi sikhathi u-Alexander Turchinov futhi wamelana kokungenela Russian ezindabeni zezwe lakhe. Ngakho, singaphetha ngokuthi abaholi samanje Ukraine isethwe rapprochement ne-EU futhi ngokumelene ngokubambisana neNhlangano Russia.

Ubudlelwano phakathi Ukraine neRussia esikhathini esizayo esiseduze

Indlela kuzothinta zonke izenzakalo ezenzeka namuhla kuleli zwe abantu ngenxa ezimbili ezihlobene? Phela, abantu abavamile iningi Ukraine ukusekela uhulumeni wabo, ophikisa rapprochement ne Russia. Ingabe i-EU ne-US izinhlelo, iphuzu eliyinhloko okuyinto ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, amazinga osopolitiki umuntu ukuba embroil yalezi zizwe ezimbili anobuhlobo, siyogcwaliseka? "I West akanandaba isiphetho Ukraine ngemva Maidan," - wathi umholi we "ukukhetha Ukrainian" Victor Medvedchuk. abaholi baseYurophu bayahamba ukwenza lutho ukuqaphela imigomo yabo. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi Ukraine futhi Russian ziyosizonda nomunye, zingabantu nje ususondele. Kodwa, njengoba ososayensi abaningi bezombangazwe bakholwe namuhla, nethonya elikhulu ubudlelwano babo intuthuko yezwe ngeke babe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, maduze nje iRussia kuyoba nesandla ophumayo crisis e-Ukraine. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka uma West uyenqaba okwengeziwe ngezimali "kungathembeki" isimo. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho Ukraine ukuqonda ukuthi ubani "umngane wangempela" yabo.

abahlaziyi bezombusazwe ngekusasa Ukraine

Kuyathakazelisa ukuzwa umbono ochwepheshe ukuthi ulindele kuleli zwe lobuzalwane esizayo. usosayensi wezombangazwe-German ichaza isiphetho Ukraine esikhathini esizayo: "Izwe ngeke ukuya rapprochement nge eMoscow, njengoba akusiyo inzuzo. Ukraine ubona izinzuzo ngaphezulu Ukubambisana eduze ne-European Union. Futhi zonke izibhelu emva ngokhetho uzobe ukuyiveza. " Enye into icacile - isimo manje ibhekene okukhethayo. Futhi ukuthuthukiswa wayo kuzoncika ke. Kodwa njengoba izinkulumo ukuthi Ukraine ulindele esikhathini esizayo, kusho umhlaziyi wezepolitiki, uVladimir Belyaminov: "Izwe ulinde federalization. Lena ukuphela kwendlela efanele aphume esibucayi. " Umbono ofanayo eyayithandwa ochwepheshe abaningi. ecubungula ezombusazwe Vadim Karasev ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela yokhetho ezayo umongameli kuyodingeka 'senza lo mfelandawonye oligarchic kuleli zwe. " Ngamanye amazwi, inhloko yezwe kuyodingeka ukuwuqondisa phakathi izithakazelo Ukrainian tycoons ibhizinisi.

Ababhula Ngezinkanyezi izangoma ngekusasa Ukraine

Manje kunzima ukubikezela ngaphandle ukuxazululwa isimo eziyinkimbinkimbi e-Ukraine. Ababhula Ngezinkanyezi izangoma kakade benza izibikezelo isimo ngonyaka ozayo. Ikusasa Ukraine ngemva Maidan, iningi labo akubonayo rapprochement kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki Amazwe Russia, kunokuba ne-EU. Kodwa lokhu ngeke kwenzeke ngaphambi maphakathi no-2015, uthi Igor Nikishin, umqondisi we-Ukraine Institute of izinkanyezi pavla Globy. Wabuye ubikezela ukuguqulwa enkulu kule mikhakha kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho izimoto kule minyaka emibili ezayo. Nazar Lebyak, ilungu isizini 9 "Impi izangoma," kusho ukuthi kulo nyaka Ukraine ngeke neze okunokuthula futhi ethule. Kodwa ULyudmila Savina numerologist wathi 2014 kanye nowezi 2015 kuyoba ngoba kunzima Ukraine, kodwa kubalulekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyothiwa babebeke izimiso eziyisisekelo isimo ukuthuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo.

efingqa

Futhi manje afingqe umhlahlo mayelana yiziphi izinguquko uzohanjiswa inqubomgomo kanye nezomnotho Ukraine ngemva Maidan. Futhi abahlaziyi bezombusazwe izangoma bavumelane yokuthi bonke siba sibi kakhulu ngenxa yezwe. Bathi ukuphindaphinda Maidan ngeke kusaba khona, nawo onke 2014 kuyoba yezwe ngandlela-thile. Ukuxhumana phakathi Ukraine ne-European Union cishe ngeke kwenzeke, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uhulumeni sayo samanje uzimisele kakhulu ukwenza kanjalo. Lesi iseluleko esihle kuthabathela ecaleni Russian mayelana indlela yokunqoba le nkinga esibhekene nayo kuleli zwe, Ukraine izobheka emva, hhayi ngaphambi iminyaka 2015-2020. Kunokuphishekela uhulumeni ulinde omningi kanzima guqula kodwa Ukraine namanje ukusinda kulesi sikhathi esinzima futhi bakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga zabo. I-EU kungenzeka angabe esaba khona njengesizwe kweyunithi kwezomnotho. I-United States uzolahlekelwa isimo omhlaba anothile. Futhi eRussia ulinde isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa. Futhi ngeke zenzeke ngaphandle iqhaza Ukraine.