I-Conservative Party Great Britain: imibono, abaholi

United Kingdom kusala lizwe olandelanayo kakhulu, isimiso sezombusazwe, esebenza khona, ucace kakhulu, isiko zezombusazwe wehlukile kwamanye amazwe. Yingakho kunazo zonke kwezingu- amaqembu aphikisayo - Conservative Party Enkulu YaseBrithani. Umsuka walo lokuzalwa kwalo e yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, futhi umsebenzi evelele kunazo yabonakaliswa ngo-1997, lapho iqembu lethiwa samanje - "Tories".

Izici

Kusukela ekusungulweni British Conservative Party bavikela izithakazelo ebukhosini futhi onxiwankulu, kokubili ngokwezimali futhi commercial, okuyinto baqala ukuvela kancane kancane kusukela ugcine Liberal Party. I Ababesadla ngoludala ngisho nethuba ngezikhathi lokwakha uhulumeni bebodwa, ngakho leli qembu yayidumile. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, i-Conservative Party Great Britain ayedabula kanye nokunqoba. Kube ayenza amaphuzu, lapho bakunqoba betembusave okuphakade - Liberal Party. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho (uMargaret Thatcher) ushiye Margaret Tetcher inqubomgomo kahulumeni, Ababesadla ngoludala kwadingeka ezimbi kakhulu. Balahlekelwa izikhundla kanzima ngo-uhulumeni futhi cishe zonke ukwesekwa labavoti.

uMargaret Thatcher

Lona umholi onekhono kakhulu se-Conservative Party of Great Britain, akulona ize, yena waklonyeliswa isihloko "Iron Lady". Ngesikhathi ehamba kwaqala inkathi yokwehla, izilinganiso party kancane kancane wehlela, iyunithi kube nzima ukushintsha, ngokuvamile abaholi wangaphumelela washintsha. Kulingana ngezikhwepha yokucabanga zezombusazwe uMargaret Thatcher wenza ukuthola kwaba nzima. I-Conservative Party kwaba ziyawohloka.

ukuphila okusha for wakhe wafika lapho ngasekhanda baba uDavid Cameron, ukushintsha amalungu eqembu hhayi kuphela, abaye baba kancane abasebasha kodwa ngisho kufanekisa. isihlahla Green - umlingisi losemcoka - kuyinto isiqondiso omusha blyudot ngemvelo United Kingdom. Blue and green - lawa imibala olusemthethweni letikhetselwe Conservative Party Enkulu YaseBrithani.

uhlelo

The main isiqubulo - ukwehluka nokulingana. 2010 ukhetho ezinqunywe hlelo samanje umthamo wayo. I share iqhaza labesifazane, futhi inikeza hhayi kuphela yobuhlanga, kodwa futhi nezinye ezincane. Ukhetho omusha yaseLondon ezivela emphakathini Muslim kusobala kakhulu ephawula lo msebenzi.

Akayikhohliwe, kanye izinguquko isimiso sezomnotho-United Kingdom, kukhona ukushikashikeka ngenxa uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha isabelomali, encishisiwe uxhaso zezenhlalakahle, inkambo ethathwe rationality yazo zonke izindleko isabelomali. Izakhamuzi zezwe zingene kancane kancane ukujwayela a ezifana division uhlelo kwamandla, ngakho ukuhamba umbhikisho uzwakalise kakhulu kabi, ikakhulukazi, labantu ngokuvumelana nalezi izisekelo zezombusazwe.

amasiko

Nokho, Conservative Party of Great Britain, kuyinto traditionally ethandwa phakathi kumasegimenti ocebile labantu kanye Izicukuthwane, ezinhlwini zayo akhiwa amalungu ezempi ephakeme, abezenkolo, amasekela mkhulu kakhulu futhi izikhulu. It emthethweni ngesikhathi ebizela othile futhi umehluko zangaphandle kulo lonke lwesintu British - salokhu kubanjwa, indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo esiqinile futhi ngisho ukuziphathisa kancane.

Emthethweni azibalulekile okubafaneleyo nezindaba isakhiwo kanye kumiswa Umholi womphakathi kwahlukana ngokuphelele enquma ukuthi ngisho inkomfa party yonyaka unelungelo ukungamlaleli. Independence ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ukunyakaza komphakathi emthethweni okuphuma kulawa amanye amaqembu party. ukhetho ePhalamende futhi ukucacisa Yiqiniso yezwe iminyaka emihlanu futhi uhulumeni. Kukhona Amaqembu amabili amakhulu, amandla, kanye nempumelelo elwa Liberals futhi emthethweni obuhlukahlukene.

indaba

Izinguquko ephalamende 1832 walungiselela Umfutho ukuvela amancane nezinhlangano, lendawo ukuthi bazibize le Tories kanye emthethweni, njengoba izinguquko it is kakhulu abathandanga. Khona-ke, ngo-1867-m, bahlanganiswe njengoba iNational Union. Umholi lokuqala enkulu Ababesadla ngoludala baba Benjamin Disraeli, ngubani waphathiswa Ya empumelelweni bese uhlala party ngo-1846, futhi kamuva waba uNdunankulu ezinhle (1868 futhi 1874-1880 iminyaka). I-Conservative Party of Great Britain, okuyinto uhlelo ngaphambilini ahlelwe elite ahlukile kuphela, kancane kancane washintsha. Kusukela 1870s, ke bakhangwa ingxenye enkulu labavoti kwabaphikisi bakhe. Liberals futhi emthethweni kakade uphikisa emzabalazweni.

Iningi zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili kwenzeke ngaphansi kokubusa Conservative Party, futhi Labor noma Liberals enganikanga iziphathimandla ezingaphezu kweyodwa eside. Cishe mathathu kusukela 1915, Ababesadla ngoludala kwakhiwa uhulumeni uqobo (kuphela 1924 nango-1929 babe iyathinteka), noma uyayenza sokusebenzisana ne-Labour Party lokwakha uhulumeni kazwelonke. Igama eliphelele beqembu futhi kuzwakala sengathi ezinye uhlobo inhlangano: iqembu ngoludala futhi wezinyunyana. Ngemva kwempi futhi yayiphawuleka nje kokubusa Ababesadla ngoludala. ukunqoba Kuphela ukhetho ePhalamende ka 1997, 2001 futhi 2005 ophoqelelwe kubo ukuya ukuphikiswa.

impumelelo

Ukuncishiswa uxhaso izinhlelo ezithile zomphakathi kanye nesimo ithonya izinqubo zezomnotho, kutiphendvulela bachitha izimali zomphakathi, ratovanie bendabuko amagugu umndeni nokukhuthaza yangasese osomabhizinisi isinyathelo - konke lokhu, njengoba amaphuzu eyinhloko esimisweni ezombangazwe, Ababesadla ngoludala wenza ethandwa kakhulu phakathi labavoti. ukuhlala kwabo emandleni lesite lelive ukufeza imiphumela ephezulu okwandisa izinga lokukhula komnotho, ukunciphisa izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, ukukhula yangasese ibhizinisi imali. Kunamaphuzu amaningana izinkampani zikahulumeni kwavele azimele.

Kusukela ngo-2005, lapho Cameron sika right-wing party, impumelelo yezwe sika wanda, ukwandisa imisebenzi ensimini kanye nethonya okwandisiwe emthethweni kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila komphakathi kanye nezombusazwe. UK ephalamende ngemuva kokhetho 2010, usiyala ezintathu namakhulu ayisithupha kanye Commons aphathiswa Conservative Party, okuyinto wavotelwa cishe abayizigidi ezingu-nanye abavoti. Khona-ke Cameron akha sokusebenzisana ne-Liberal Democratic Party lokwakha uhulumeni. Ngo-2015, emthethweni zonke nje waba iningi - izihlalo ezintathu namakhulu amabili futhi ePhalamende.

izinhlelo ezintsha

Ezinye izethembiso entsha Ababesadla ngoludala e okhethweni olwedlule kuleli ephalamende UK babhekana ukugxekwa. Ngokwesibonelo, inhlolovo, okuyinto iqembu uhlose ukubamba phezu ophumayo wezwe kusukela European Union, kanye sesimanje nokuvikeleka zenuzi. Nokho, kwi-ajenda kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile eziphathelene nezokwelapha, iziphi nje isuke ibangelwa isikhathi: kwesabelo sezimali, okudinga zokunciphisa izintela, ukwandisa esiqongweni kanye ibha main, ukutholakala kwezindlu, ilungiselelo impesheni nokuningi.

Nalapha futhi, bajabule isiko kusukela ukuthuthukiswa isifundiso iqembu Chamberlain, ngubani ezihlongozwayo umbono wokuba nomshado amasiko, owethulwa umumo okhululekile, okuyinto ephoqeleka ukuba ashiye izindlela isimo saleli esinakho embonini global, kwaqina umncintiswano (ikakhulukazi eJalimane). Imizamo zemikhaya evelele ukuze kushwelezwe ubudlova amaNazi ngaleso sikhathi kwaholela lapho kugqashuka iMpi Yezwe II. Kuzokwenzekani kulokhu - akucaci kakhulu, kodwa umhlaba wonke ngemva izitatimende yamuva yi Ababesadla ngoludala kancane Yekani ukubanga umsindo, hhayi nje eBrithani. Emthethweni ngonyaka wamashumi amane, wathola futhi okhethwe Churchill, ngubani ephethwe uhulumeni futhi wasiza ukunqotshwa nobuNazi. Ukuthi enjalo sibalo ezidlula thola namuhla? It uhlala kuphela ithemba. Ikakhulukazi uma ucabangela ukuthi kamuva Churchill kwenzeka amaphutha ungalungiseki.

Isimanga ukuthi abaholi bomhlaba

Ngo-March 1946, Churchill esifanayo, uzakwabo sizana eU.SSR ngo iMpi Enkulu, wenza inkulumo ngesikhathi American Fulton, okuyinto ezihlongozwayo inyunyana wonke amabutho kosozimali ngoba Bloc emelene ngempela namaSoviet. Kwaphela isikhathi esithile ngisho Ababesadla ngoludala balahlekelwa amandla. Kodwa ngo-1951 sebebuya, wahlala amandla iminyaka eyishumi nantathu. Ngo-1955, Churchill kuphumelele Edene - uzakwabo umngane seminyaka eminingi. Nokho, isimo esibucayi Suez , wehluleka futhi waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe njengoba ekuseni njengoba 1957.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ababesadla ngoludala sezishiye ubuholi MacMillan futhi Douglas-Home, kodwa inqubomgomo esesidlangalaleni, abazange baphumelele, kodwa ngo-1970 E. Heath, inhloko party kusukela ngo-1965, iye yakha bebodwa UK Uhulumeni. Wakwazi lukhulu: ukubusa ukuze Common Market, a ukuhlanganisa pan-European. Ngenxa yalesi, ngasendleleni, ngaphakathi eqenjini yena wagxekwa kakhulu, futhi inhlangano wona awubanga ukungavumelani ezijulile phakathi kwamalungu ayo: eBritish ungathandi noma yiziphi izinguquko noma behlanganisa. Ngakho, kulandela ukwesula Heath waba umholi we 'nensimbi' uMargaret Thatcher, abangagcini nje savuka umsebenzi party, kodwa futhi kwavusa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa komnotho British.

kokunqotshwa

Ngemva Churchill, uMargaret Thatcher kwaba umholi oqinile phakathi kwazo zonke ababengaphambi zabo. Lapha-ke waqala azimele imikhakha yonke umkhakha isimo eziye zacindezelwa cishe ngokuphelele yizinyunyana, kanye Ababesadla ngoludala iwine okhethweni ngokuzethemba futhi ngemajini omkhulu. Ngo-1990, Major endaweni yakhe ayikwazanga ukusebenzisa izwe kanye, ngoba ngo-1992, Ababesadla ngoludala aqala ukuphelelwa kwayo. Ngo-1997, ukhetho kwaba inqotshwa kabuhlungu, lapho Labour Party, ithathe izihlalo ezingu-418 ephalamende, kuyilapho Ababesadla ngoludala 165 kuphela.

Uhlelo se-Conservative Party kwakudingeka izinguquko ezinkulu, okuyinto kwenzekeni. Qondisa rejuvenate futhi, uhlelo olufana ovulekile. Kwaze kwaba ngo-2005, lapho Cameron waba umholi, kodwa ukuzimela isikhathi namanje asikafiki: isenzo senzeka sokusebenzisana ne-Liberals.

Amaqembu

Emthethweni - isizwe esisodwa. Ngesisekelo conservatism kuyinto ubumbano yezenhlalakahle nezikhungo ezivamile, ukuze silondoloze nokuvumelana izinhlangano ezikhathazekile kanye amakilasi. Kulesi mqondo, kwaze kwaba ezikhathini zamuva bezinhlanga ezahlukene nezinkolo. Luyingxenye abantu bami, izakhamuzi zezwe lakubo yabo, ne nezimpande ezijulile, okuxhunyanwa isiko ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Manje nobunye kakhulu lakhulisiwe ngoba emthethweni nabasekeli eziningi European Union kanye khona kuwo Enkulu YaseBrithani.

Kodwa okungenani phakathi emthethweni kanye nezitha eziyimbangela yalokhu. Ngakho, kwakungekho iqembu lokuqala amalungu Conservative Party - "Isizwe Omunye" nge izibalo owaziwa zezombusazwe Tepselem, Clark, Rifkind, nabanye. ezombusazwe Radical noma kungakhona okunye ukuguguleka kutati bengamlaleli eduze. Kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo ukubekezelelana! Njengoba US izintandokazi zezombusazwe futhi lonke elaseYurophu, ukuthi ukubekezelelana ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukene sibalulekile ngempela.

khulula kwem iphiko

Lokhu iqembu labalandeli Margaret Tetcher, le Ababesadla ngoludala nge liberalist noma ukuchema kuzo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside base wabusa kwababusi amalungu eqembu - ngokushesha ngemuva ngokhetho uMargaret Thatcher ngo-1975, njalo ekunciphiseni indzima yembuso ekuthuthukisweni kwezomnotho, ukunciphisa izinga esihlanganyela ngalo yayo yonke imikhakha yezezimboni, kanjalo ephumula khona yayo njengendlela yokuxhumana nabantu.

Umphakathi iba classless, kwaba umsebenzi oyinhloko wenhlangano yezombusazwe, okubizwa ngokuthi Thatcherism. Phakathi kwabaholi lokhu iphiko, futhi eurosceptics eziningi, abalwa imithetho kokungenela emakethe khulula, ngoba bheka it njengoba ebukhosini British. Reagan kaThatcher kuyancomeka umnikelo ezombusazwe ezweni. I-United States ngisho isandla i liberalism kwezomnotho ukuthi izimiso zalo owasungula ithuthukiswe nje e-United States.

emasikweni

La maqembu ngaphakathi Conservative Party kalula kwenziwe isibaluli ilungelo kakhulu: ukholo, umndeni, ifulege - lawa izikhungo main nomphakathi ukuthi labo abanamathela traditionalism wathatha emahlombe. Anglicanism, isimo, umndeni. Lokhu ifa okuphikisana yimuphi ukudluliswa kwamandla ezivela ezweni, ngisho noma kuyinto European Union.

Futhi, ababesekela lokhu ukunyakaza ngokumelene wezifiki okwandisa, pro-kuphila futhi bendabuko izindinganiso zemikhaya ngokukhethekile, bexabana umshado saziso, okuyinto ngisho inikeza ezinye izinzuzo intela. Basebenza okungenani ezingeni kwezomnotho, ngokuvamile izama ukuxazulula izinkinga kwezenhlalo, similo kanye nemasiko.