I House of Commons Great Britain: oda ekwakhekeni, Ukwakheka

Iphalamende-United Kingdom - owodwa wemizimba izindlu-omele endala kakhulu emhlabeni. It yasungulwa ngo 1265 kanye izinguquko ezimbalwa kuze kube lamuhlaa. IPhalamende LaseBrithani lishaye siqukethe emakamelweni amabili: Lords and Commons. Okokuqala Nokho, futhi ubizwa ngokuthi phansi, kusenzima ifeza okukhulu kakhulu kunalokhu uma hhayi indima juqu ePhalamende LaseBrithani.

"Ugogo," ezimele zomhlaba

IPhalamende LaseBrithani lishaye is kangaka okuthiwa. Ubelokhu ukusebenza eminyakeni engu-800! Cabanga nje ngakho! Emlandweni wezwe, hhayi emazweni amaningi bangabhalisa ngizibonge khona eside enjalo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iphalamende wasala engasenabo izinguquko eziphawulekayo futhi 1265, futhi namuhla siqukethe aphansi kanye engenhla emakamelweni, futhi le nkosi. umlando wezwe kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa kulomzimba isimo, ngoba (umzimba), futhi iphatha. Imithetho neziqondiso, izinguquko ezibalulekile - yonke imisebenzi yePhalamende. Kungaba ukuthonya umbono womphakathi, kanye izenzo uhulumeni. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka amaningana lePhalamende LaseBrithani kuyinto maphakathi ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe ye-United Kingdom.

Ngakho phansi noma cha?

Uma silandela inqubo ngezinkathi zezinguquko kwezombusazwe futhi degree of ithonya kwamakamelo akunzima ukuphetha ngokuthi kokubusa ekamelweni eliphansi. Kuyinto kule lesigceme ukhetho zenzeke, amazwe enze izicelo angene kuphela ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokhetho kanye khona kakhulu eside lapho wenza umsebenzi omkhulu. Abasephalamende we House of Commons kuyizinto eziyinhloko isimo izishaya. Babehlale kufanele uku-pulse izenzakalo basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze aphendule ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zithembiso kwezomnotho, ezombusazwe nezenhlalo. Ngenxa yalokho we igunya wePhalamende usukela ngisho ukwazana ngokudlulisa amehlo ne izindlu-ummeleli umzimba imisebenzi.

Kumiswa House of Commons kanye ilungelo lokuvota

I House of Commons Great Britain, nesimiso ukhetho, has omunye umgomo. Njengoba yaziwa, umbuso uhlelo ezimbili eceleni. Futhi zonke zezombusazwe umshikashika wemandla kwenzekani phakathi kwala maqembu womabili. Ngenxa yalokho kokhetho ukuze ephalamende ukuza nabameli babo. Futhi ke akuve ilula: kabani qembu iningi, futhi oyobusa akhela. Lolu hlelo kakade isibe lukaKhisimusi UK, namalungu ayo Whigs futhi Tories, ubani namuhla asebebizwa ngokuthi Liberals futhi emthethweni ngokulandelana.

iqhaza okhethweni, zonke izakhamuzi ngubani batholile engu-18 ubudala, ohlala esifundeni, kanye wenza lokuthandwa yokubhalisela ukuvota. Loluhlu kuthiwa babhala njalo ngonyaka esikhathini kuze 10 Okthoba. Nov 29, posted on isibonisi ukuze uhlole kubo yizakhamuzi kanye ukulungiswa kungenzeka.

Kufanele ukuthi kukhona uhlelo imeyli kokhetho, kanye namandla ommeli uma ukugula noma ukungabi esifundeni ngesikhathi ukhetho.

Njengakwamanye amazwe, iqhaza okhethweni ungathathi izakhamuzi ophazamisekile emqondweni, abantu bezinye izizwe idonsa izigwebo zayo ngoba ithuna, wathi futhi ubugebengu ethuneni ikakhulukazi, umuntu oboshelwe ukungathembeki okhethweni cha attained kweminyaka engu-18, kanye nontanga, ngaphandle Irish.

Ubani ongafaka bakhethwe ePhalamende?

Kumiswa House of Commons is bahlali, amazinga ezifanele yokwenziwa suffrage. ilungelo okunjalo athweswe zonke izakhamuzi eziye zaphetha ubudala kwasinda 21:

- the uphazamisekile emqondweni;

- ikhokhwe nezimantshi;

- ontanga futhi peress ngaphandle Irish, njengoba abanalo ilungelo ukuba amalungu House of Lords lePhalamende LaseBrithani;

- bakahulumeni (ofisa iqhaza ekukhethweni isisebenzi sikahulumeni kufanele uqale ukwesula esikhundleni sabo lomsebenzi, bese ukhetho);

- servicemen (ofuna iqhaza isikhulu ukhetho kumele kuqala afake incwadi yokusula bese ongema);

- abaphathi bezinkampani zomphakathi (isibonelo, i-BBC);

- isigungu sabefundisi.

Uma umuntu akusho ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ngenhla, ngeke iqhaza okhethweni. Ezimweni lapho ngaphambi kokhetho kodwa alutholakalanga angenele kungenzeka kuhoxiswe ngokhetho luka ngisho emva kwabo. Khona-ke isikhala kuthiwa singenamuntu, futhi kubanjwe lukhetfo lolukhululekile futhi. ilungu Abakhethiwe we House of Commons kufanele nawo wonke amandla kunikeziwe.

Kuhlonyiswa eside

Amalungu elisanda kuqokwa ephalamende athweswe amalungelo isikhathi iminyaka 5. Nokho, umuntu kufanele acabangele amaphuzu enkulu yokuchitheka nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano nokonakala. Mayelana ngowokuqala, ungase ungaluboni ngisho nalapho kufanele anikele Undunankulu wase-Great Britain, futhi le nkosi, yona, empeleni, "imiBhalo" izimo ukwenqaba isiphakamiso sakhe. Undunankulu kungase uholwe amaqiniso ahlukahlukene, bese ngokuvamile kuba ngenxa izibonelo ePhalamende. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, iphalamende lokuqala, wasebenza lonke eside, wakhethwa ngo-1992.

Kwezinye izimo (okwenzeka kakhulu akuvamile) ePhalamende UK kungenzeka ukumemezela usuhlakazekile umshado noma isandiso kwamandla ayo. Mayelana ngowokuqala, okokugcina lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-100 edlule - ngo-1911. Futhi uma sikhuluma ukwelulwa igunya, zazenzeka ngesikhathi wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi.

Ukwakheka kanye kumiswa Regional

Kumiswa House of Commons is amalungu 659. Lesi sibalo awuzange njalo uthanda lokhu, iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inani ukukhula sabantu ezifundeni kanye imizi yasehlanzeni. Ngokwesibonelo, phezu engu-70 edlule, inani endlini ephansi kunyuke ngo-10%.

Uma sicabangela indlela yokwakheka umbono zesifunda, Ingxenye sengonyama of amalungu ePhalamende olusuka eNgilandi - Amalungu 539 of the Scotland emelelwa 61 izihlalo, Wales - naseNyakatho Ireland 41 - 18 izindawo.

kwakhiwa Party Ukwakheka is kuncike umsebenzi, kanye namakhono zeningi kugqugquzelwa izifunda kanye nemizi. Mangisho, umzabalazo lulunya ngokwanele, akekho ofuna emuva phansi, futhi iningi amazwi ihluke kancane.

Isikhulumi ekamelweni eliphansi

Indlu Commons ayiyona nje kweqembu amasekela yokuhlanganisa ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo. Umzimba yokwehlayo ecacile, futhi abantu abenza imisebenzi ethile. tikhundla okunjalo kancane, futhi zihlanganisa isipikha amasekela akhe amathathu, umholi House, kanye iphoyisa.

Isilawuli ingenye Chamber of amaphini likhethwa ozakwabo ekuvumeni siqu kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngokuvamile, laba akhethwe ilungu onegunya kunabo elibusayo, nakuba okuhlukile zenzeka. Ukhetho ngokwenzeka kwakho kanye, kodwa kulesi sikhundla sayo kwaze kwaba kuze ulahlekelwe ukhetho noma ngeke iphele bebodwa. LikaSomlomo ukuze umsebenzi elimisiwe liqine oda isethulo of amaphini. Ukuthi kuyinto ilungelo yedwa mpikiswano isiqedile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukubaluleka kanye noSomlomo indawo endlini ephansi lePhalamende LaseBrithani okusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Esikhathini nokusetshenziswa kwamandla alo Isilawuli ogqoka ingubo, iwigi emhlophe. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, ngemva kokuphela kwethemu yena yanikezelwa isihloko Baron, okwenza kuye ilungu endlini engenhla.

IPhini likaSomlomo Wesigungu, uMholi, umabhalane kanye umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu iphini likaSomlomo. Esokuqala futhi usihlalo izindlela. duty lakhe ukuze kufakwe esikhundleni isikhulumi lapho engekho. Endabeni engekho futhi amandla zidluliselwa amanye amaphini ezimbili. amasekela abathathu bakhethwa hlangana zamaphini ngesiphakamiso sokuba umholi House.

Umholi kungekho olusemthethweni ngaphansi ebalulekile Chamber. Lesi sikhundla akusona kobuholi. Umholi uqoka undunankulu Great Britain, njengoba umthetho, ukukhetha uwela phezu sibalo abanethonya elikhulu kakhulu nabahlonishwa Chamber.

UNobhala imisebenzi babelwa umabhalane, ngubani ukusiza 2 umsizi. Umsebenzi eziyisisekelo iseluleko umabhalane sika ayanikezelwa esikhulumini, ukuphikiswa uhulumeni. Ngenxa yalokho, yena kanye uSomlomo umholi we House ingenye abantu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuphepha endlini ephansi - umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu ezweni, okuyinto unomthwalo umsizi wesikhonzi senkantolo.

Indawo yemihlangano

Ngokomlando, umhlangano kokubili emakamelweni kwenzeke Palace of Westminster. Igumbi Green sanikelwa endaweni ethile ye endlini ephansi, lilingene ngobukhulu amancane ubukeka ngempela nesizotha. On zombili ezibhekene egumbini ezibekwe namabhentshi. Phakathi kukhona ndima phakathi kwazo. Ekupheleni egumbini iyindawo isihlalo isikhulumi, kwandulelwe itafula omkhulu - indawo amakilabhu. Eceleni isipika etafuleni wahlala yamatlege kayikhonzanga iseluleko. Amasekela, ithathe izihlalo ezingu phezu amabhentshi ngesizathu: ngakwesokunene angamalungu ePhalamende Isilawuli ohlezi kusukela iqembu elibusayo, ngakwesokunxele - ukuphikiswa.

Ngaphambi imigqa phambi amabhentshi ohlangothini ngalunye kukhona imigqa ebomvu - umngcele. Basuke sise ibanga izinkemba ezimbili ubude kusuka komunye nomunye. Phakathi mpikiswano, amasekela sinqatshiwe ukungeqi umngcele. Ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, kunenkolelo ukuthi isikhulumi ufuna ukuhlasela isitha sakhe. Izihlalo eziphambili kuthiwa tacitly agodliwe izikhonzi zikahulumeni kanye zabaholi bamaqembu aphikisayo.

Kumakota eduze, kodwa hhayi mad ...

Isici esiphawulekayo lapho sinikezwe endlini ephansi, isikhala esanele. Ebhentshini kukhona 427. kuphela Nakuba lokhu okushiwo ngenhla ukuthi Indlu ihlala 659 amasekela. Ngakho abantu abangaphezu kuka-200 kufanele emnyango. Kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya ngoLwesine wokugcina ngesonto zokusebenza, ngezinye izikhathi imihlangano ngoLwezihlanu. Ezimweni elibandakanya basongela ukulondeka kwezwe, amasekela ukuphumula ngosuku olulodwa - ngeSonto.

Okusanda, umhlangano wavunyelwa ukuba kwenziwe kwelinye igumbi lwesigodlo - Westminster Hall. Nokho, imibuzo ebalulekile abaqondi ke.

amakomiti

Ukuze wekugcina ngesinqumo futhi Chamber of imithetho noma izikweletu kukhona amakomiti ahlukahlukene:

• Permanent. Wadala ekuqaleni we umhlangano olandelayo wePhalamende futhi isenzo ngaso sonke isikhathi amandla akhe. Igama layo akusho ukuqinisela ka ngezithako zawo. Amakomidi, kanye nokhetho House of Commons wasebenzisa isikhathi ngasinye ukuthi idale iphinde futhi ubuyekeze izikweletu entsha.
• Special. IPhalamende LaseBrithani lishaye, zikhona 14 amakomiti ethize. umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko ukuqapha imisebenzi zezinkonzo. Lolu hlelo yasungulwa ngo-1979 futhi uthathwa njengomgcini kabusha ebaluleke kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka, evumela qualitatively ngcono ukusebenza kukahulumeni.
• Session. Ezinye amakomiti wadala ngonyaka t. E. Ukuze kuseshini ephalamende, kungani sebewelele igama labo. Lokhu kungenxa kakhulu amakomiti zezimboni, futhi usebenza ngokuqinile ngaphakathi kwenkululeko House of Commons uqobo.

Ngaphezu izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko yamakomidi elisungulwe Kwezinye izimo kuhlanganiswe. Zakhiwa abameleli zombili iziNdlu zePhalamende, njengoba kuthinta izithakazelo nemiphakathi, kanye Lords.

Ngakho, isimo sezombusazwe e-United Kingdom, ukuthuthukisa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka zonke emlandweni wayo, ifikile ibanga elide. Okwamanje eziphawuleka kakhulu lasungulwa is dalo kanye kwemvelo lombhalo umzimba omele - ephalamende. Ngenxa yalokho kohlelo ehlelekile ukusebenza emagumbini ayo UK manje ingelinye lamazwe ahamba phambili ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe kanye nezombusazwe. I House of Commons ngesikhathi esifanayo inendima enkulu e ushintsho zezombusazwe kanye nezinguquko izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho phakathi isimo.