Ukufakwa kwephepha elifakiwe ophahleni: izindleko zomsebenzi. Imiyalo yokufaka ukuphahla kusuka kushidi elifakiwe

Umfundisi - indaba ayithengi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo inokwethenjelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinzuzo zalo zifaka lula ekufakweni. Ukubeka amashidi anjalo ophahleni ngeke kube nzima kakhulu. Indlela yokwenza lokhu, kanye nokuthi izindleko zomsebenzi zingabiza kanjani, futhi sizokhuluma ngokuqhubekayo kulesi sihloko.

Iyini ishidi elibiziwe?

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuqonda ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani ishidi elifihliwe ophahleni, ake sibone ukuthi empeleni, yilezi zinto. Futhi, kuqala udinga ukunquma uhlobo lwalo. Ishidi elincibilikisiwe lensimbi, eliboshwe nge-zinc ngendlela yokubanda okubandayo, kubizwa ngokuthi yenziwe nge-sheet metal. Phezulu kwensimbi kusetshenziswe upende nokugqoka i-varnish. Ngezinye izikhathi ishidi eliboshiwe limbozwe ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-polymer. Okwamanje, izinhlobo eziningana zazo zikhiqizwa. Ukuze umboze uphahla udinga ukuthatha amapheshana ophahleni lomkhiqizo H35 - H114.

Ukuhlelwa kabusha kwephrojekthi

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokusebenza okunjalo, njengoba ukhuphuka uphahla kusuka eshidi elifakiwe, faka imidwebo edingekayo. Ngokuvamile iphrojekthi yokuphahla ifakwe kuphrojekthi yesakhiwo ngokwazo. Kodwa-ke, akukude kakhulu ukwenza umdwebo ohlukile ophahleni kwiphrofayli nangaphezulu. Ungaphinde udwebe uhlelo lwephahla kanye nomdwebo walo. Kulesi simo, kuzoba lula ukugwema amaphutha ngenkathi kulungiswa. Yiqiniso, into yokuqala okumele ukwenze ukucacisa i-angle yomthamo wendlela. Le nkhomba ngokuqondile ixhomeke ekutheni uhlobo luni lwemithwalo yemimoya neqhwa lungasebenza ophahleni ngenkathi lusebenza. Indlela elula yokuthola i-angeni ngokusebenzisa amatafula akhethekile.

Futhi kuyodingeka ukubala ubude bezinsimbi, ukugijima, ama-mauerlats, njll. Yebo, kuyodingeka ukuthi wenze izibalo zempahla yokuphahla. Ubude bezinhlawulo kubalwa ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ye-trigonometric. Ukuze unqume inani le-proflista edingekayo, okokuqala ubala indawo yezingqimba, bese kubalwa izibalo ezifakiwe.

Kungakanani okungabiza ukufaka ishidi elifihliwe ophahleni

Indlela elula yokunquma intengo yokukhwabanisa nalokhu kusetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zekhompyutha.

Ngakho-ke, kungakanani ukufakwa kwephepha elifakwe ophahleni. Intengo yomsebenzi onjalo ngokuqondile ixhomeke endaweni yesikhumba. Ukubalwa kwenombolo edingekayo yamashidi kwenziwa ngokuhlukaniswa okulula. Ngokwezindleko zabo, thola inani lokugcina. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izindleko zemikhumbi, ama-rails, ama-aprons, izakhi ze-ventilation, izinketho zeqhwa, uhlelo lokugeleza, amapuleti wokuphela, njll kuzodingeka wengezwe emphumela owatholiwe.

Izindleko zekhasi elilodwa lebhodi elihlanganisiwe, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu bungaba yini ukusuka kuma-ruble angu-150 kuya kwangu-250 (ngo-2015). I-meter yesici se-ridge ivame ukubiza ama-ruble angu-200-250.

Ngakho-ke, wazi ukuthi kungakanani kuzodingeka ukufaka uhlu lwabafundi. Intengo yokwakhiwa kwephahla ngokwayo izongeza phezulu, kuhlanganise nezindleko ze-rafter system. Futhi, inani lokugcina lincike ekutheni kufanele ukhokhe kangakanani ifilimu yokuvimbela amanzi, kanye nokulungisa izinto.

Kodwa-ke, izindleko zephahla zixhomeke ekutheni kungakanani okudingekayo okudingekayo ekwakheni uhlelo lokushisa.

Uhlelo lokugubha

Ukufakwa kweshidi elifakwe ophahleni kufanele lenziwe ekhiqiza elithembekile. Okokuqala, yiqiniso, kusetshenzwa uhlelo lokugqwala. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Ngemuva kwezindonga, ama-Mauerlats abekwe kuwo. Ukuze uzilungise, ukufaka amabhuloti anamathiselwe ku-belt eqinisekisiwe. Ku-Mauerlates, ibha ene-100 * 100 mm ivame ukuthathwa. Uphakanyiswa odongeni, ugqoke amabhuloti futhi uthathwe ngesando. Izimbobo ezibunjiwe zikhonjiswe emakhonini abangela. Khona-ke ama-mauerlates agxile odongeni.

Ngemva kwalokho, baqala ukufaka ama-rack, bese beka futhi beka izinsimbi. Ukuziqinisa kwalezi zinsuku kwenziwa kwizipikili ezinama "knot" noma emaceleni. Ukuze uthembeke kakhulu kuzo, udinga ukusika izidleke zokufika.

Ukuvimbela amanzi

Ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi onjalo, njengoba ukhuphuka ishidi elifakwe ophahleni, lokhu okumele kwenziwe kungenwa amanzi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, le miqulu ihlanganiswe ngokuzenzekelayo emgqeni wefilimu ye-polyethylene. Bazilungise ngezinyawo zabo ngosizo lwemishayo. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwamaqembu ngabanye kufanele kube ngu-15 cm. Ifilimu ihlanganiswe ne-sag encane (engekho ngaphezu kwe-2 cm). Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho ukwehlisa isakhiwo, kanye nangesikhathi somoya oqinile, izakhi ze-rafter system zingahamba kancane. Uma ifilimu iselulelwe kakhulu, ingase ivele iphule.

Ukufakwa kweshidi elifakiwe kufanele kwenziwe ekhiqiza elithembekile. Ungayenza, isibonelo, kusuka ebhodini. Ungathathi kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi amabhodi anjalo ajwayele ukuguqulwa nokukhwabanisa. Ibhodi ligcwele izipikili (ezimbili kwibha ngayinye).

Igesi lezimpi

Umshini ngaphansi kwekhasi eliboshiwe kumele uqhubeke kuphela uma i-angle yokuthambekela kwendlela ingadluli ama-degree angu-15. Kuzo zonke ezinye izimo, amabhodi alayishiwe endaweni ethile ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngokucacile, i-pitch ixhomeke ekubunjeni kwento yokuphahla. Ngokuvamile kungama-30-60 cm. Okukhethwa kukho okuyiyona ndlela isinyathelo se-50 cm. Faka i-crate kusukela phansi. Ekhoneni ngalinye lokuqinisa, izipikili ezimbili kufanele ziqhutshwe.

Ukugcizelela amamaki aphansi

Ukuphakama kwesigodlo ophahleni ngephidi elifakiwe kuqala. Ukulungiswa kwenziwa ngokuzakhela ngokuthatha isiteji sesigamu semitha. Ukufakwa kuqala kusuka phansi phezulu. Ukuhlangana phakathi kwezinto kufanele kube cishe ngu-15-20 cm. Esikhathini esizayo, phakathi kwephepha elifakiwe kanye nomgudu ophansi, kuzodingeka ubeke uphawu. I-profileist iphakanyisiwe kude no-10 cm ukusuka enkabeni yedolobha.

Ukufaka izinto zokuphahla

Ngemuva kokuthi i-crate isilungele, hamba, eqinisweni, ukwenza inqubo enjalo, njengoba uphakamisa ishidi elifakwe ophahleni. Okokuqala faka induku yesikhumba. Umngcele wayo kufanele uqhubekele ngaphesheya kwesigamu ngamasentimitha angu-3-5. I-tape yokufaka uphawu ifakwa phakathi kwalo kanye nephepha elifakiwe. Indlela elula yokusika amashidi inesibindi esisiyingi. Nokho, le ndlela ifanele kuphela impahla ngaphandle kokugqoka i-polymer. Esikhathini esilandelayo, sebenzisa izikhali zensimbi.

Ukulungiswa kweshidi kwenziwa enqenqemeni elingaphansi kwendlela. Kulokhu, i-overhang izoba ngisho. Inqubo yokwethula ishidi elifakiwe lilandelayo:

• Ishidi lokuqala likhuphukela ophahleni, lihambisana ngendlela yokuthi i-overhang ihlala ingu-4 cm, futhi iqondiswe ku-ridge kwesinye isikulufa.
• Phezu uphahla ishidi lesibini bese lihambelana kokuqala.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, amashidi ahlanganiswe ndawonye nezikrini zokuzibamba eceleni kwe-wave of wave in steps of half the meter.
• Okulandelayo, elinye ishidi liphakanyiswa futhi liphinde ligcinwe esigodini futhi linamathele kusibili.
• Emva kwalokho, onke amashidi amathathu aphinde ahlobaniswe phezu kwama-eves futhi anamathele ku-crate nge-screws. Kukhredithi, amashidi agxilwe phansi phansi, ngemva kwezintathu.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-angle yokuthambekela komgwaqo engadluli ama-degree angu-12, amalunga amashidi abekwe nge-tape yokufaka uphawu.

Indlela yokulungisa i-skate

Ngokushesha nje lapho inqubo yokufaka ishidi elifakiwe isiphelile, qhubekela phambili ekugxilweni komgwaqo. Yilungiselele phezulu kwesinye isilwane ngaphandle kwephawu. Phakathi kwephepha ngalinye nomngcele ophezulu wezinsika kufanele uhlale okungenani u-5 cm. Ngakho, ngaphansi komgwaqo kuyoba khona isikhala sokungena umoya. I-skate ihlanganiswe nezikulu ezikhethekile zokuphahla.

Ukuhlangana kwezinguquko ezingenhla

Isigodi esiphezulu siqala ukukhuphuka kusukela phansi. Ukwehla kuleli cala kufanele kube ngu-10 cm. Ukulungiswa, njengoba kunjalo nasesigodini esingaphansi, kwenziwa ngezinkambo zokuphahla ngesiteji sama-50 cm. I-sealant ayifakiwe kulokhu.

Indlela yokulungisa i-pediment

Izindleko zokufaka uphahla kusuka eshidi elifakiwe lizofaka izindleko zokwaziswa okudingekayo zokuthunga izigubhu. Lapho kuthengwa kwayo kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi kulokhu ekunqumeni kuyoba yimfucuza eminingi.

Hlanganisa amashidi esenzweni esihle kunawo wonke ngogagasi. Kulesi simo, uphahla luzobukeka lukhangayo. Okokuqala, ukwaziswa kukhishwa, bese kulungiswe izikuluvu ku-krethri egcwalisiwe ngaphambili. Imikhawulo ye-pediment ivaliwe ngama-slats akhethekile, ahlanganiswe nezikhwama ngesinyathelo sesigamu semitha.

Ukulungiswa kwepayipi yepayipi

Phakathi kwe-chimney kanye neshidi elifakiwe, amancane, kodwa ama-crevices, ahlala njalo. Kamuva, ngesikhathi semvula, bathola umswakama. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu, ipayipi kufanele ifakwe i-apron ekhethekile. It isethwe kanje:

• Izindwangu ze-apron zisetshenziswa pipe.
• Okuqhubekayo lapho bephawulwe.
• Izigubhu zenziwa cishe ngo 2 cm.
• I-apron iqala kusukela phansi. Ukuzakhela ngokuzenzakalelayo kusetshenziselwa ukulungisa. Ukuqoqa phakathi kwezici zepronti kufanele kube ngu-15 cm.
• Stroiba emva kokufakwa kuhlanzwa uthuli futhi kugcwele uphawu.

Indlela yokulungisa abanikazi beqhwa

Emagqumeni aphansi, iqhwa ngesikhathi sokubusika kuqala liqoqa, bese "i-avalanche" ihla. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ophahleni oluhlomele izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi, i-snow clogs emagumbini. Ukuvimbela lokhu kungenzeki, abanikazi beqhwa abakhethekile bafakwe emithambekeni ophahleni. Isethi iqukethe umqhawulo, ogcina "i-avalanche", namagumbi. Hamba snegozarzhateli ebangeni elingaba ngu-35 cm ukusuka e-aves. Esikhathini esenziwe ngophawu uphawu olukhethekile lubekwe ngaphansi kwebha. Ukuphakama kwenziwa phezulu kwamaza. I-self-tapping screw kumele ihlaselwe emaphethelweni angaphansi.

Kulungile, manje uyazi ukuthi ukuphahla kwenziwe kanjani kusuka eshidi elifakiwe. Njengoba ungabona, ukusebenza akuyona okunzima njengoba kungase kubonakale ekuqaleni. Uma ufuna ukwenza lokho ngokwakho futhi ulondoloze imali ngokuqasha i-brigade, ngeke kube nzima.