Indiza La-7: Ukucaciswa, imidwebo, izithombe

izindiza Soviet La-7 yadalwa okb-21 (emzini Gorky, manje Nizhny Novgorod -). Wayehola ukuthuthukiswa SA Lavochkin - one of the best abaklami Soviet. Yona futhi le ndiza kwaba yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ukulwa izindiza phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Yena kuhlanganiswe imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emoyeni bokuphakama - maneuverability nezikhali.

Uhlolojikelele

LA-7 - indiza, ezingasetshenziswa labizwa ngokuthi monoplane (idivayisi eyodwa pair wamaphiko). It has a single-injini, elise umnsalo, isihlalo esisodwa - I-umshayeli. esasisandulele - 5-fighter aircraft, futhi athuthukiswe Edo 21 m. I sibonelo lokuqala izindiza (by LA-120 ikhodi) wakhumula ngoNovemba 1943.

Ekuqaleni kuka-1944, lapho ngempumelelo kudlule ukuhlolwa kwendiza isihlawulelo ukulwa komsebenzi. Ngu ekupheleni kwempi kusukela elihambayo owehla ezingaphezu kuka 5.700 fighter La-7. Ngokusho pilot eziningi zaseSoviet, lokhu indiza yikona okungcono: bayakwazisa lobubhalo yayo, isivinini, ukuthembeka kanye firepower. Oshayelayo of a fighters ephezulu bafundzi beliklasi lefana nokuzethemba e unqobe noma isiphi ace of-Third Reich.

Indaba

LA-7 kuwumphumela kwemvelo kwezobuchwepheshe uchungechunge izindiza eziningana. Zona uqala ukuvela fighters LaGG-2 (ithuthukiswe 1939) kanye LaGG-3 (1940 th). ekudalweni wabo waba khona nasemhlanganweni abaklami M. Gudkov futhi Gorbunov. Fighter yesibili wawukwazi endiza ngesivinini of 600 km / h - ngokushesha izindiza German ekilasini yayo. Kepha sasinzima: 600 kg aminingi ukudlula Yak-1. Maneuverability LaGG-3 futhi Umqansa kwesokunxele okuningi okufanele oyifunayo.

Ngo-1942 kwafika LA-5 kanye injini kube lula, kungase kutholakale kahle Battle of kwaseStalingrad. Indiza entsha kwakuphakeme "Messerschmitt", kwaba kakhulu ngendlela ezimbili 20-milimitha isibhamu osezingeni, ayengamakhulu kuphumelela ngaphezu "German" nge insimbi eyodwa, kulekelelwa ezimbili izibhamu.

Ngo-1943, ngesikhathi Battle of eKursk, wezwe Air Force wathola isizukulwane esisha fighters - LA-5FN ne izinjini uprated, ilula futhi kulula ukulawula. Ngisho yakamuva German "Focke-Wulf-190" alikwazanga esincintisana indiza Soviet. Futhi ekugcineni, ekupheleni kuka-1943, sesinyukele model entsha ukuze emoyeni - LA-7. On ke, uma iqhathaniswa nayo fighter langaphambilini, kwakukhona lwesithathu isibhamu, kanye izindiza ungakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini 680 km / h.

design ubuhlakani

Umuntu owasihola ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane LA-7 - Amalotha Alekseevich Lavochkin. Yena - igolide medalist, e 1918-1920 wakhonza e-iRed Army namabutho emngceleni. Khona-ke bahlukane nakho the tehuchilische eMoscow Ephakeme (manje MSTU. Bauman), lapho wathola ubungcweti unjiniyela Aeromechanics. Isihloko mqondo yakhe kwakuhambisana nezinga ukuthuthukiswa idelakufa.

Ukuze usebenze embonini aviakonstruktorskoy uSemyon waqala ngasekupheleni 20, ezokuqala kokunikwa wahlanganyela kusukela ukuklama izindiza for ngoxhaxha USSR, bese ukuya emsebenzini fighter. Engxenyeni we 30s yesibili, lapho sekungenzeka udlubulunda, uhulumeni wamaSoviet wanquma ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze ukuthuthukiswa Air Force emhlabeni. Lavochkin Okokuqala nge SN Lyushin wadala izindiza LL-1, kunentuthuko ugesi rektivnymi izibhamu. Kamuva kwafika sibonelo mina-301, equkethe oluvelele design imidwebo. LA 7 ukweleta yayo ukubukeka ubunjiniyela nakangaka Imbewu Alekseevich leyo minyaka.

izici

Ijubane ngesilinganiso Umqansa indiza La-7, isimiso, babe efana naleyo La-5FN. Linganisa isivinini fighter kwaba 680 km / h (lapho flying ezingeni ukuphakama ayizinkulungwane 6 amamitha.), Umkhawulo ukubaluleka ezweni - 597 km / h. Ibanga LA-7 hambo 635 km, ukuphakama ophahleni - 10 km 750 m.

Climb fighter - 1098 amamitha ngomzuzu. Umshini obuphelele - 8,60 m, ukuphakama - 2,54 m isisindo Empty -. 2605 kg Loaded - 3265 kg. Area zamaphiko fighter - 17.5 sq. m Maximum ukusuka isisindo -. 3400 kg. Namaphiko indiza - 9,80 m LA-7 Engine -. Omunye ezintathu izinhlobo 82FN-DB, DB-83 Fighter noma 71. 1850 has a amahhashi wagxila (okulingana 1380 kW). Omunye umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi LA-7 kusukela izindiza odlule - design engasindi (ngenxa amalungu uhlangothi metal).

izikhali

Imishini ukulwa bezindiza La-7 babe, njengoba umthetho, ababili 20-mm inganono uhlobo ShVAK noma izibhamu ezintathu zohlobo olufanayo B-20 osezingeni. Yayikwazi ukuvimbela shot hits izindwani we bendiza, ngokusungula kubo synchronizer hydromechanical. Ezakhiwe ngayo isibhamu ngokuvamile ShVAK kwaba 200 imizuliswano isikhali ngamunye. Futhi izinhlamvu amagobolondo kwahambisana udibi Ukubhoboza uhlobo incendiary (bakwazi ibhoboze zempi ukuba 22 mm ne ibanga 100 m), kanye nokwehlukaniswa incendiary izinhlamvu hlobo. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko izindiza kungaba isethi amabhomu (kufika ku kg 100 kwephiko ngalinye). Abaningi babo kwakungamadoda amagobolondo izinhlobo Fab-50 no-100, Zab-50, 100 (ongezansi lisho ibhomu mass - 50 noma 100 kg).

amaphutha

ochwepheshe Military waveza ukuthi izindiza La-7 ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze senqabe ukusebenza hydraulics. Kwakungekhona ngempela owaziwayo kanye injini fighter. Ngenxa yokuthi injini emoyeni isibalo ezazisemizini indiza iphiko, ababeye ugcwale uthuli impahla phakathi ukusuka kanye kokwehla. Ngakho-ke, injini ongawunqaba ukusebenza. Le mpahla is wangazinaka nompetha ukuhlolwa isimo: Ukwamukelwa senzeka ebusika, lapho kwakungekho uthuli.

It is baqaphela ukuthi injini phezu LA-5FN inqatshelwe lingandile kangako kunangesikhathi LA-7. Amafutha cooler itholakala ngaphansi fuselage kwendiza, futhi ngenxa lokhu gumbi sasishisa kakhulu (mayelana 40 ° ebusika futhi 55 ehlobo). Abashayeli kuba nzima ikhumbula yokuthi abanikeze asebenza nabo bawa qeda umoya ovela injini, futhi ngokuvamile kwehla phezu condensate ingilazi.

Qhathanisa imikhiqizo efanayo: Ulwazi Ngokusetshenziswa

LA-7 indiza, okuyinto has a picture izincwadi eziningi zezindiza Soviet, ngokuvamile ibonwa njengoba othanda ukulwa, kude kwakuphakeme kunemifuziselo yako-German - FW-190 futhi "Messerschmitt-109". Nokho, abashayeli bezindiza ngokwabo ukuthi ukulwa izindiza German Kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, enze ukuphila ekujuleni, ngokusho kwabanye Aces Soviet, "amaJalimane" zazingcono kakhulu kunalokho lo mshini. Ngakho-ke, ukunqoba impi uma isitha lilingise aerobatics, ayengakwenza ngokuvamile kuphela abashayeli elitheni kweSoviet Air Force.

Kodwa, okubaluleke kakhulu, ku LA-7 Ezimweni ezinjalo, onikeza inzuzo ngenxa isethi abukhali isivinini. Njengoba wakwazi ukuthola obuseduze amaJalimane ayikwazanga ukuhlasela isitha. Nokho izinkomba goba engaba (maneuverability ovundlile) e LA-7 uvumele ikhuluma ukuphakama kunezilwane izindiza German. Lokhu kwakubangelwa aphansi fighter Soviet iphiko ukulayisha: mayelana 190 kg / sq m. (Lapho "German" - ezingaphezu kuka-200 kg / sq.m.). Ngakho-ke LA-7 aphambuka 3-4 imizuzwana ngokushesha kunokuba, isibonelo, "Focke-Wolf".

isipiliyoni ukulwa

LA-7 - kungcono indiza, okwakwenza ukulwa kwabo ohambweni, IN Kozhedub - edume umshayeli, Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kathathu. Ukulwa indlela waqala oshayelayo we LA-5, lapho Wehlisé izindiza eziningana kunabantu. Peres LA-7, Kozhedub wabhubhisa fighters 17 isiJalimane, ngokunqoba kokuqeda ukulwa layo ohambweni empini eduze Berlin.

Active ukulwa ukusetshenziswa kwendiza saqala ngo-June 1944. Lokhu fighter ubelokhu udumo ekhethekile Guards regiments kweSoviet Air Force. Mayelana edume LA-7 akhuluma izinto ezinhle AI Pokryshkin - al, Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kathathu. Lapho efeza combat ohambweni kule indiza, wacibishela phansi fighters 17 isiJalimane, kuhlanganise esisheshayo "Messerschmitt-262". umshayeli Great Soviet wabona LA-7 isampula kakhulu maneuverability, isivinini, amandla isikhali: konke imisindvo kahle eziyizintandokazi zakho "ifomula" umpetha "isivinini, iqhinga futhi umlilo."

Le ndiza hero

LA 7 izazi-mlando Patriotic Omkhulu ngokwesiko elihlobene ne igama Ivan Nikitovich Kozhedub owashaya igoli 64 onqobayo (yayingasekho yimuphi omunye umpetha anti-Hitler sokusebenzisana). izimpi-Akhawunti umshayeli wavula ngo-March 1943 on izindiza zempi La-5. Ngemva kwalokho Kozhedub kwenza lolu hlobo indiza fighter 146 nokuhlasela angqongqoze 20 "German". Ngo-May 1944, umshayeli kuhanjiswe ku LA-5FN, okwakubekelwa eqoqwe kuma imali, kuyathakazelisa ukuthi omunye yomlimi kwaseStalingrad esifundeni. Ngalesi indiza, yabulala amayunithi 7 isitha izindiza. Ngo-August Kozhedub ibutho wayiswa entsha Soviet Air Force izindiza-7 fighters. Kulesi hlobo izindiza Ivan Nikititch walwa kuze kube sekupheleni Umhlaba.

Kolunye izimishini ukulwa LA 7 Kozhedub ushayiwe, injini yakhe okulahlekile. Wazimisela ukuthi ngeke sisukele isitha, umpetha Soviet Uthumele indiza komunye izinto phansi. Kodwa lapho fighter waqala ukushona phansi, injini kungazelelwe wathola, futhi Kozhedub, ezihambayo LA-7 kusukela isiqongo, emuva airfield. Phakathi nempi, u-Ivan Nikitich landizela on umsebenzi ukulwa izikhathi 330, ahlanganyela kulo 120 emoyeni izimpi, owabhubhisa 64 isitha izindiza. Yena yanikezelwa izindondo ezintathu "Gold Star".