Ubuningi asphaltic: flow rate kanye nendlela okwakheke ngayo impahla

Ukuze umhlaba ngcono kanye nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo namuhla ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa asphalt ukhonkolo, okuvumela ukuba uthole enamathela okuhlala kanye eliphezulu. Lokhu kwaziswa inhlanganisela itiyela kanye ngezinto zemvelo.

izithako zemvelo ukunikeza amandla, kuyilapho ibitume iyadingeka ukuze ngibopha wawayisa isakhiwo ebumbeneko. Asphalt sisiba phezu ubuchwepheshe obufanayo emazweni ahlukahlukene, kodwa izinga enamathela incike izingxenye ukuthi kunezelwa noma cha kungezwe ingxube ngezinye izikhathi kuthola futhi emakhiyubhi indlela.

I kwabantu impahla

I kwabantu of ukhonkolo asphalt - ingenye izici eziyinhloko yalesi material. Asphaltic ukhonkolo, ngakho-ke libizwa futhi, kuyinto yefomu yokwakhiwa nhlanganisela yokufakelwa, kwakheka ngenxa ekufezeni ukuminyana kudingekile ingxube ukulayishwa ekuklanyweni okuyinto. Ukwakheka okulungiselelwe indlela yokuhlanganisa amayunithi ekhethekile ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa. Lokhu kusebenzisa ibitume uwoyela umgwaqo bese kukhishwa nezingxenyana amaminerali ngezinto ezahlukene, zikhethwe ngezabelo echaziwe. Kwesinye isikhathi ungeze polymers, iraba, surfactants, nesibabule nokunye.

asphalt ukuminyana ukhonkolo incike zilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxube obukhulu lunesibalo ku uhla 2340 kg / m ^3, ngokuphathelene nenye ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, ukuminyana yayo Kuthi aphansi - 2300 kg / m ^3. I okuncane asphalt ukhonkolo ingxube uhlobo A, B no-C ube nokuminyanisa ezilandelayo: 2385, 2370 kanye 2343 kg / m ^3, ngokulandelana. Kwenzeka futhi asphalt zinhlobo esihlabathini "inhlanganisela uhlobo D", kulesi simo, ipharamitha kwezinhloso zenzuzo ilingana 2280 kg / m ^3.

inhlanganiso

Icacisa kwabantu asphalt ukhonkolo Kwenziwa ukuhlolwa laboratory of the amasampula ukuthi kwasuswa ezinengilazi. Lokhu ipharamitha ibalwa isilinganiso isilinganiso kwabantu impahla, okuyinto lathathwa enamathela, ukuze ushintshe kwabantu isilinganiso isampula.

Ukuze ngamunye zilwane ingxube isetshenziswa isilinganiso compaction. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Izingxube of A no B lingemaphesenti 0.99, ukuxubana B, D no E, futhi aphansi core izingqimba Coefficient kuyinto 0.98. Uma ezinye izithako eziqukethwe yokufakelwa itshe imfucumfucu, isilinganiso ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane 0.97.

ukusetshenziswa i-asphalt ukhonkolo

Akukhona nje kuphela kwabantu okuncane asphalt ukhonkolo kanye nezinye izinhlobo zayo, kodwa futhi ukusetshenziswa. Ngokuvamile, lokhu ipharamitha kunqunywa phezu 100 m ^2, kodwa ukushuba zingahluka. Ngo ingxube ukungena nakwamanye amazwe futhi obukhulu nge ukushuba ungqimba 55 mm ukusetshenziswa 100 m ² kuyoba 12,87 kanye 12,65 m, ngokulandelana. Njengoba kwanda ungqimba kuya ku-80 mm obukhulu futhi ukungena nakwamanye amazwe ukugeleza ingxube kuyoba ulingana 18,7 futhi 18.4 m, ngokulandelana.

I okuncane asphalt ukhonkolo ingxube uhlobo A has a ephansi ukugeleza rate uma ungqimba kuyehla kube 35 mm. Ngakho 100 m ² ushiye 8,35 m. Sekuvulwe icala lokuzama isihlabathi asphalt ukuxuba uhlobo D ke ukushuba ungqimba 45 mm ukusetshenziswa lemali 10,26 m 100 m ^2.

imitha ukuminyana

Asphalt imitha ukuminyana ukhonkolo angathengwa at okukhethekile ezitolo. Ithola kwabantu enamathela futhi emagcekeni endleleni. Njengoba idivayisi uya khona wenza ukulawula ukusebenza kwabantu, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho owazi degree of inhomogeneity futhi usigcine elisekela ezinengilazi komgwaqo.

Idivayisi kungaba ukuhlonza indawo unconsolidated futhi ukulawula esifundeni ezibucayi, lapha kufanele ichasiselwe imiphetho nezihlanganiso. Ngalo, ukuminyana isilinganiso ngokhonkolo asphaltic, okuyinto 2.35 g / ^cm3 kungaba azimisele. Isisetshenziswa ihlola indlela enamathela, ngisho nangaphambi isicelo ungqimba phezulu. Idivayisi ekwazi ukukala lokushisa asphalt, ukucacisa zlib isilinganiso, ukuze afeze lokushisa-ihlawulelwa kwabantu ukufunda.

Ukwakheka ukhonkolo asphalt namazinga isimo

I kwabantu of ukhonkolo asphalt, GOST okuyinto inquma izinga material futhi okhonjiswe izibalo ezilandelayo: 9128-2009 - okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla. Nokho, ochwepheshe kufanele ukwazi okwengeziwe kwengoma. I enamathela has noma amatshe chippings phakathi izithako okuyizinto comminuted kanye imvuthuluka. Njengengxenye ye-esihlabathini khona.

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, itiyela, ayezosebenza njengabaqondisi umkhiqizo anenhlaka elibamba izingxenye ndawonye. Nokho, kumele le nto alethwe isimo eshubile. Kuchaza futhi asphalt ukhonkolo kuvuleke ubuchwepheshe. Kodwa namuhla kukhona ubuchwepheshe evumela ukuthola itiyela nge viscosity kuze kube +5 ° C. Amafutha icutshungulwe nge izindlela zesimanje, okuvumela ukuthola itiyela ketshezi ngaphandle frosting aphansi ngokuhlolisisa lokushisa awalethe. Ngokuvamile lesi silinganiso kuyinto -30 ° C.

I kwabantu of ukhonkolo asphalt (t / M3) kuyinto 2.35. Kodwa lesi silinganiso - into nje ukuqaphela ochwepheshe. Ngokwesibonelo, nasekulawuleni isilinganiso samaminerali sehlukaniswe amagugu ezintathu:

• Iqembu A: 50 kuya ku-60% (ochotshoziwe itshe noma amatshe);
• Iqembu B: kusuka 40 kuya 50% (amaminerali);
• Iqembu B: kusuka 30 kuya 40% (itshe afahlazekile noma amatshe).

imfucumfucu kwemacembu ezilungisiwe Ukucaciswa. Ngokuhambisana lezi impahla ekhiqizwa usebenzisa imfucumfucu, namatshana okuyinto zingahluka kusuka 10 kuya 20 mm. ukwakhiwa okunjalo isetshenziselwa ukwakha ungqimba phezulu kuwebhu. Ubuchwepheshe ezivamile futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi namuhla, kodwa inhlanganisela kungenzeka ukungezwa polymers.

Guqula i-asphalt ukhonkolo ngaphansi kwethonya ubuchwepheshe besimanje

I kwabantu of ukhonkolo asphalt ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso kazwelonke, kumelwe sihlale okufanayo, kodwa izinga material njalo ngcono. Lokhu kungenxa imithwalo okwandayo phezu komgwaqo, okuholela usesho amamaterial ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi. Ngenxa yalokho, it wakwazi ukwakha ukhonkolo yabalingisi asphalt, okuyinto kwenziwa kuchaziwe ngenhla.

Isetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa kodwa futhi kwemigwaqo. Lobu buchwepheshe kulawulwa amazinga kahulumeni kanye P 54401-2011 kuhilela ukuhlangana nenye ngaphandle compaction. ngaleyo ndlela lokushisa nhlanganisela iqala ngo-190 ° C, bandise izindlela plasticity iyakhula. Ukwakheka libhekene izici ezifana ngenxa izithasiselo polymer.

Ukwakheka yabalingisi asphalt iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-asphalt, kodwa ivolumu amaminerali incipha. Okuqukethwe amatshe ingxenyenamba kuya 5 mm ivela ½ okuyingxenye isisindo ingqikithi 0%. Ingxube etholwe akuyona njengoba kungabukeki, ngakho-ke uphendulela viscous futhi akuhloselwe ukubopha.

izithako engeziwe

Kuvele isibopho asphalt ngcono izakhiwo ngokomzimba, ngakho impahla enamathela ayinika namandla high, ukuqina, ubuqotho nempilo ende ngaphandle ngokuhlaziya. asphalt ukuminyana ukhonkolo lamahubo lilingana, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba bagcine ubuchwepheshe kanye aspect ratio. Lona sengozini impahla esihlukanisa yabalingisi asphalt. Uma kuphakathi ukukhiqizwa kwenzeka ukuphambuka kusuka iziqondiso, izici amandla ahlupheke.

isiphetho

asphalt inzuzo ukhonkolo eqinisweni lokuthi ke engase aklonyeliswe. Lokhu ezinwetshiwe ububanzi bokusebenzisa yayo, ngoba ngosizo ngendaba singathonya ingenzele enhle ithrekhi, imizila yezinyawo nasezindaweni ezizungezile. On the endleleni ngokusebenzisa le ubuchwepheshe uvele asphalt ezinemibala, okhombisa yokuwela yabahamba ngezinyawo, kwaba ukuqala futhi sokuhlukanisa emapheshana.

Le nqubo ihilela ukuhlela ngokungeza nokubunjwa ezinemibala 5-mm ochotshoziwe itshe, isihlabathi futhi eba nezakhi zombala ezenza wenza egwadle, clinker, zemabula namathempeli ngokhonkolo namatshe. Ukuze shades asphaltic elikhanyayo esetshenziswa elicwengwé zokwenziwa bitumens. Ubuchwepheshe kwandisa izindleko Ukusabalala, ngakho akuvamile esetshenziswa.

Kodwa namuhla kwase kudingeka ngithole enye indlela yokusakaza. Usikisela bezihlikihla chips anemibala, ngenkathi ngokungeza yayo ekukhiqizeni kunqatshelwe. In the isinyathelo nokubeka imigwaqo bese uya Ngaphezu elingenhla enamathela ungqimba.