Ostap Cherry: biography, ubuciko, indlela yokuphila kanye nohlu lwezincwadi

Ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi komuntu nezilwane umqondo wokuhlekisa futhi ukwazi ukuhleka. Kungakhathaliseki lokhu kuyiqiniso, ososayensi bangasho kuphela izakhi zofuzo, bese kuthi eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili noma amabili, lapho ekugcineni bebhekana ne-DNA yabantu. Into kuphela ongayiqiniseka ngayo manje ukuthi ikhono lokunqoba zonke izinkinga ngehlaya kwenza impilo ingabibalabala kuphela, kodwa futhi iyamnandi nakakhulu.

U-Ostap Cherry, ongu-biography othanda izithandwa zakhe eziningi, uyindoda engafanelekile. Wabhekana nezimpi zezwe ezimbili, ukuguquka okukodwa kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimbuso eziningana zezombangazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayephindwe izikhathi eziningana ekufeni, futhi wachitha iminyaka eminingi ekamu ngokukhokhwa. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwazo zonke lezi zenzakalo, wakwazi ukuhlala ehloniphekile futhi efanelwe umuntu, futhi akazange alahlekelwe yinto ehlekisayo, okwenza izigidi zihlehle naye.

I-Biography ka-Ostap Vishny (Pavel Gubenko): ubuntwana bombhali

I-humorist yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa phakathi kukaNovemba 1989 emndenini ojwayelekile wabahlali basePoltava esifundeni (namuhla umzana waseGrun, esifundeni saseS Sumy). Ngaphandle kwakhe, abazali babe nezingane eziyishumi nesithupha. Naphezu kokuphila okunzima nobumpofu, abazali baphakamise futhi basiza ukuhamba ngezinyawo zonke izingane zabo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi omunye wabazalwane u-Ostap Vishny naye waba umlobi-umculi ngaphansi kwegama elimangazayo uVasil Chechvyansky. Uthemba amathemba amakhulu kanye nodadewabo bakaPaul - uKaterina. Kodwa kungekudala wabashiya ngamabomu umsebenzi wokubhala, ephikisa isenzo sakhe sokuthi kunabalobi abaningi emndenini wabo.

Lapho uPawulu ekhula, wathunyelwa ukuyofunda esikoleni esiyinhloko saseZenkov. Ngemuva kokuqedwa kwalo mfana onolwazi uye waqhubeka nokuqeqesha e-Military-feldsherskoj esikoleni somuzi waseKiev. Emva kwakhe, uGubenko wayeneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ubudala, futhi wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi njengomuthi wezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ekuqaleni wasebenza empini, kodwa kamuva wakwazi ukudluliselwa ekuhlinzekeni esibhedlela saseKiey of the South-Western Railways. Naphezu kokuthi uPawulu wayengenakuzibonakalisa kabi emithi, wayephupha ngokubhala. Yingakho wazinikela isikhathi sakhe sonke sokuzifundela. Imizamo yakhe yayingesize, futhi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye wadlulisa ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle endaweni yokuzivocavoca, okwamvumela ukuba angene eKiev University. Ngeshwa, uPaul akakwazanga ukuwuqeda, ngoba impikiswano yaqala, bese impi yombango.

Ukuphila nokusebenza phakathi neMpi Yomphakathi

Ngokwe-biography esemthethweni ka-Ostap Vishny, ngo-1918 wabhalwa kwi-medical unit ye-Ukrainian People's Army (ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Petlyura" yezempi). Namuhla kunzima ukusho ukuthi wabiza kangakanani izinkolelo zabo, kodwa njengodokotela kwakudingeka asize abalimele. Futhi uPavel waphumelela kulokhu, kusukela ngonyaka angathuthukiswa esikhundleni sekhanda lomnyango wezokwelapha-umnyango wezempilo we-UNR.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu uPavel Gubenko wathathwa amaKhomanisi. Lapha wayebhekwa njengento eyigugu "yokuthola" futhi wathunyelwa eKharkiv, lapho bahlela khona ukudubula. Kodwa-ke, lapho efika lapho, umlobi wanikezwa igumbi endlini yokuhlala, nakuba esele ngemuva. Ngakho-ke u-Ostap Vishnya (i-biography yomlobi akanalo ulwazi oluqondile, kungani kwenzeke, kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi othile ovela ezikhulwini ezithandako ubuciko bomlobi wokuqala, wamncenga ukuba athethelelwe futhi anikezwe izindlu) okokuqala ngqa waphunyukiswa.

Naphezu kwempi nemisebenzi eminingi esibhedlela, uPavel Gubenko wabhala ngenkuthalo. Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthunjwa, lo mbhali washicilela isihloko sokuqala somsebenzi wakhe esithi "iDemocratic Reforms of Denikin". Lo msebenzi washeshe wathola ukuthandwa, njengoba umbhali ngokunembile futhi ehlekisa ngokuhleka ukuhluleka kweziphathimandla ze-UPR nezinqubomgomo zabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wahlala eceleni kwabantu abavamile, njengabazali bakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwemibono yezihlobo nabangane bakhe, kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe uGubenko wabonisa uthando ngabantu bakhe nezwe, naphezu kwazo zonke izintuthwane nokungaphumeleli. Lo msebenzi, wasayina igama elithi uPaul Grunsky.

Ukudala ngesikhathi sokufika kwamandla aseSoviet

Ngemuva kokuphumelela kokuqala kokushicilelwa kwezihloko ezingezansi ngaphansi kwesigameko esifanayo sekuvele kuvele kucindezelwe. Futhi ehlobo lika-1921, umsebenzi odumile, "The Eccentric Boy," washicilelwa, okwathi okokuqala usayinwe igama elinikeziwe lika-Ostap Vishnya.

I-biography yomlobi iye yagcwala izingozi eziningi. Ngakho, emva kokufika kokugcina kweziphathimandla zaseSoviet engxenyeni ye-Ukraine ne-Ostap Cherry, amacala abekwe phansi futhi waqala ukuthatha ingxenye esebenzayo emphakathini wezokuphila nokushicilela. Umlobi uba ngumhlanganyeli ezinhlanganweni eziningi zokubhala, ezifana ne "Gart" (umphakathi wabalobi be- proletarian Ukraine) kanye ne "Plow" (umphakathi wabalobi bezilimi e-Ukraine) nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usebenza ehhovisi le-editor of the magazine satirical Chervoniy Perets (kamuva elibizwa ngokuthi "uPeretz"). Kwakusehhovisi lakhe lokuhlela ukuthi izinyathelo ezimbili zokuqala zencwadi zanyatheliswa. Kamuva, umfowabo, uSatiel Vasch Chechvyansky, wayengumhleli walomagazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi osebenzayo womlobi ekomidini elihle le-Writers 'Union liyaziwa.

Naphezu kobunzima bokubunjwa kwezwe elisha, ukucindezelwa, ukungabi nokudla nakho konke okusemqoka, umlobi akalahlekelwa ithemba lakhe futhi uyaqhubeka nokubhala ngokuzikhandla. Njengelungu le "Plow", wabambelela ekutheni abhale phansi - e-Ukraine. Ngenxa yalomuntu, uhlobo olusha lwezincwadi luvela maduze: "smyshka" ("smile"). Lona uhlobo lwe-hybrid ye-feuilleton namahlaya ngesitayela sikazwelonke.

Emisebenzini yakhe kulezi zinsuku nezikhathi ezalandela, u-Ostap Vishnya, owaziwa ngegama lakhe ngokuvame ukufaniswa ne -Biography, waqhubeka nemikhuba yokuhlukumeza, kanye noSoltykov-Shchedrin, uChekhov nabalobi base-Ukraine - uShevchenko, uFranco nabanye.

Ukuboshwa kanye neminyaka yokuboshwa

Naphezu kokuthi u-Ostap Vishnen wasethethelelwa emsebenzini wakhe e-UPR, ngo-1930 isihloko esibucayi sika-Alexei Poltoratsky emsebenzini womlobi sanyatheliswa komunye wamagazini abhaliwe. Ngemva kokuboshwa kukaPavel eminyakeni embalwa, waphinde wabhala enye yezincwadi.

Ngesinye sezikhathi ezinzima kunazo zonke e-Ukraine, ngo-1933, umlobi u-Ostap Vishnu wasolwa ngamaphekula futhi wahlela umzamo wesinye sezibalo zeqembu futhi wathunyelwa eGulag iminyaka eyishumi. Namuhla kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini eyabangela ngempela ukuboshwa. Mhlawumbe esidlule somlobi, mhlawumbe, isibindi sakhe ekudaleni. Kulo mqulu, u-Ostap Vishnya ngokwakhe wathi ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukutshela ngento ebalulekile futhi engathí sina ngendlela yehlaya, kodwa ngenkathi ukucwaninga kanye nezinhla eziphakeme kuzokwazi ukuthi yini usawoti, izobe ishicilelwe kakade.

Ngokwezinqolobane zomlando zangaleso sikhatsi kuyaziwa ukuthi u-Ostap Chernya wayelokhu ehloliwe. Ngesinye isikhathi wayehlela ukuqasha, kodwa washintsha umqondo wakhe. Ezincwadini zakhe nasezincwadini zokubhala, uPavel Gubenko wakhuluma ngokucacile ngenqubomgomo yokuxosha ama-Ukraine ngemindeni ephelele, futhi wabikezela nendlala ezweni lakubo ngo-1928, okungukuthi, eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba iqale. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwakuyi-straw yokugcina futhi kwaholela ekutheni icala liboshwe futhi liboshwe.

Kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke izinhlekelele, umlobi wayenenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuba asinde konke, abuye futhi aphile ekuvuseleleni. Phela, abaningi basePeru nabo badutshulwa eminyakeni efanayo. Umfowabo wadutshulwa ngo-1937.

UPavel Gubenko ngokwakhe wakwazi ukugwema lokho okuzokwenzeka ekamu kuphela ngesimangaliso. Ngonyaka owodwa lapho udadewabo uVasil wadutshulwa khona, ekamu le-Ukhta-Pechora lokulungiswa, lapho umlobi echitha khona yonke iminyaka yesigwebo sakhe, kwafika umyalelo wokuphuma endaweni yeqembu elisha leziboshwa, okwakuzofika maduzane. Ehunyushwe ngolimi olungavumelekile, lo myalelo kusho ukudubula ezinye iziboshwa. Ngenxa yalokhu bathunyelwa endaweni engomakhelwane. Phakathi kwalezi zimbhamu zokuzibulala kwakukhona no-Ostap Cherry. Nokho, ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezimbi, ukudluliselwa kweziboshwa endaweni yokubulawa kwakwephuzile. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhloko yekamu isusiwe, futhi umyalelo wokudubula umlobi ulahlekile (ngokusho kweminye imithombo, abaphathi bamane bazisola umlobi).

Ekhuluma ngeminyaka yokuboshwa kwale ndoda, umuntu akakwazi ukukhuluma ngomkakhe uVarvara Maslyuchenko, owendoda yakhe ethandekayo washiya umsebenzi wakhe enhloko-dolobha waya eSiberia. Lapha wahlala edolobhaneni eliseduzane iminyaka eyishumi ejele lika-Ostap Vishny. Ngo-1943, ngemva kokukhonza lonke isikhathi, umlobi wakhululwa.

I-Biography ye-Ostap Cherry: ukuphila nokusebenza ngemva kokukhululeka

Ebuya ejele, umlobi waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe. Phakathi neminyaka yokudingiswa, akazange abhale lutho, kunoma yikuphi okungekho ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi ka-Ostap Vishny ngesikhathi eboshiwe.

Ngo-1944, indalo yakhe yokuqala emva kokukhululeka yanyatheliswa - uZenitka. Ukulifunda, ungase uzwe izinguquko ngendlela yokubhala umbhali. Ngokuyinhloko, uyaqhubeka nokuhlekisa, kodwa amahlaya akhe ayimfihlo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngokucwaninga kanye neziphathimandla, i-Cherry iqala ukuveza isithombe somlandisi emagqabeni akhe futhi inikeze wonke umsebenzi njengokungathi kungenamazwi akhe, kodwa ngokusebenzisa i-prism yemibono yomunye umuntu. Naphezu kwalokhu, imisebenzi yomlobi iyaqhubeka ijabulela kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi.

Ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Enkulu yePatriotic, ubuciko kanye ne-biography (u-Ostap Vishnya ubuyela kumagazini "uPeretz" futhi uzinikela umzamo omkhulu wokusebenza kuwo), umlobi wayenomoya ozolile futhi olinganiselayo. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umbhali uzama ukungathinti ezombangazwe futhi akhethe ukubhala mayelana nemvelo nokuphila.

Ngonyaka ka-1955, ostap Vishnya kanye nomfowabo babedutshulwa futhi baphinde bavuseleleke futhi batholakala benecala. Umlobi nomkakhe bakwazi ukubuyela eKiev, lapho efa khona ngonyaka. Ngo-1991, e-studio yefilimu yaseKiev, i-biography yakhe yahlolwa. U-Ostap Chernya waboniswa okwesikhashana ngesikhathi eboshiwe. Le filimu yayibizwa ngokuthi "Kusukela ku-Life of Ostap Cherry", futhi indima yomlobi yayenziwe kahle nguB Bogdan Stupka.

Imisebenzi kanye nezincwadi zomlobi

Umlando othakazelisayo womlando: phakathi kwabalobi base-Ukraine, imisebenzi ka-Ostap Cherry ihlala endaweni yesibili inani lezincwadi ezithengisiwe (okokuqala, kungokwemvelo ku-Kobzar). Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engama-33 wabhala kuphela i-feuilleton emibili, futhi ngo-35 - abaningi abangu-270!

Ngaphambi kokuboshwa, ukuqoqwa kwemisebenzi yakhe kwakushicilelwa njalo, izindlu eziningi zokushicilela i-USSR zazibheka njengelungelo lokushicilela i-feuilleton, uma isayinwe ngu-Ostap Vishnya. I-Biography (uhlu lwezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu ezinikezwe ngezansi) umlobi uye wakha ngendlela yokuthi wakwazi ukusinda esikhathini sokuhlanzwa kwamanzi ngokuqondile ngenxa yokuthandwa okungavamile phakathi kwabafundi.

Omunye wemisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu nezincwadi ngu-Ostap Cherry:

• I-Humoresque "I-autobiography yami" (1927);
• Umjikelezo wezihloko ezithandwayo "Mislivski Usmishki" (yanyatheliswa ngemva kokufa komlobi, ngo-1958, izindaba ezithandekayo ngokuzingela);
• Amaqoqo "Vishnevі ssmіshki sіl'skі", "Vishnevі sіmіshki yaseshashalazini", "Vishnevі ssmіshki krіmksі", "Izihloko zezinkampani", "Українізуймо" nabanye.

Imisebenzi yomlobi yaqala ukuhunyushwa ngesiRussia ngo-1926. Okokuqala kwakuyiqoqo "Izindaba". Ukuhumusha okucebile kwakungu-1927, futhi ngemva kokuba umlobi engakhokhanga kancane. Ukuphakama okusha ekuthandeni kuka-Ostap Cherry kwaqala ngamashumi amahlanu. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi ziyizindaba mayelana nokuzingela kanye namasiko omlobi. Kuze kube ukuwa kweSoviet Union, imisebenzi eqoqwe ka-Ostap Vishny yanyatheliswa ngezikhathi ezithile kokubili e-Ukraine naseRussia nangezinye izilimi.

Mayelana nokuphila kwalowo muntu omangalisayo, ungasho okuningi okuningi. Ngokuyinhloko, ukuthi ungumuntu onjani nokuthi akazange azisole kanjani ukusiza abangane bakhe. Kuyadabukisa kakhulu ukuthi namuhla umsebenzi wakhe awunjengoba udumile njengakudala, futhi ukuqoqwa kwemisebenzi yakhe kungathengwa emakethe egcwele noma kulandwe kwi-inthanethi. Kuyadabukisa kakhulu ukuthi abalobi bezindaba bagxila kakhulu esikhathini sokuboshwa kwakhe, kodwa nokho empilweni yakhe kwakukhona okuningi okukhanyayo futhi, ngokungangabazeki, iziqephu ezithakazelisayo ezingaba nesithakazelo kubafundi.