Kumiswa, Imfundo yesibili nezikole
Isakhiwo lipid. Izici isakhiwo lipids
Amafutha - omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu izinto eziphilayo adingwa zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola indlela owakheke ngayo umsebenzi lipids. Eza ezihlukahlukene kokubili isakhiwo futhi umsebenzi.
Isakhiwo lipid (biology)
Lipid - a eziyinkimbinkimbi organic chemical kwakwakhe. It siqukethe izingxenye eziningana. Ake sibheke ukwakheka lipids kabanzi.
lipids elula
Ukwakheka lipids yaleli qembu inikeza izingxenye ezimbili: utshwala fatty acid. Ngokuvamile ku ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali izinto ezinjalo kuhlanganisa timphawu letintsatfu kuphela: I-Carbon, i-hydrogen ne-mpilo.
Okunhlobonhlobo lipids elula
Basuke zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:
- Alkilatsilaty (waxes). It esters ka ephakeme okunamafutha acid ne alcohols mono- noma dihydric.
- Triacylglycerols (amafutha kanye amafutha). Isakhiwo lipids yalolu hlobo inikeza khona e glycerol (utshwala trihydric) futhi izinsalela of acid okunamafutha aphezulu.
- Ceramides. Esters ka sphingosine futhi fatty acid.
lipids eziyinkimbinkimbi
Izinto yaleli qembu musa aqukethe izakhi ezintathu. Ngaphandle kwalezi, bahlanganisa e isibalo samalungu alo iningi Sulphur, nitrogen ne phosphorus.
Ukwahlukanisa lipids eziyinkimbinkimbi
Lemisebenti ingaphindze zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:
- Phospholipids. Isakhiwo iqembu lipid kuhlanganisa, ngaphezu izinsalela of alcohols polyhydric futhi fatty acid ephakeme, khona izinsalela of wali band acid, lapho inamathelisiwe amaqembu ezengeziwe izakhi ezahlukene.
- Glycolipids. Lawa chemical ezivezwa inhlanganisela lipids kanye carbohydrate.
- Sphingolipids. Lokhu aminoalcohols aliphatic.
Izinhlobo ezimbili lokuqala lipids, esikhundleni salokho, zihlukaniswe subgroups.
Ngakho, zinhlobo phospholipids bangase bacabange phosphoglycerolipids (aqukethe e ngezithako zawo glycerol, izinsalela of ezimbili okunamafutha acid, wali band acid kanye alkanol Amine), cardiolipins, plasmalogens (aqukethe e isakhiwo monohydric unsaturated ephakeme utshwala wali band acid kanye alkanol Amine), kanye sphingomyelins (izinto okuyinto aqukethe ka sphingosine, okunamafutha acid, wali band acid kanye choline aminoalcohol).
Nazi izinhlobo glycolipids kukhona cerebrosides (ngaphandle sphingosine kanye acid okunamafutha equkethe galactose noma glucose), gangliosides (eliqukethe oligosaccharide we hexose futhi acid sialic) kanye sulfatides (exhunywe hexose sulfuric acid).
Indima lipids emzimbeni
Sakhiwo umsebenzi lipids ezixhunyiwe. Ngenxa yokuthi e-molecule awo ahlangane izinsalela samanje kanyekanye elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye nonpolar kwesakhiwo, lezi izinto usebenze ekusebenzisaneni.
Lipids babe imisebenzi eyisisekelo eziyisishiyagalombili:
- Amandla. Ngenxa namachibi yalezi izinto umzimba uthola amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-30 amandla awadingayo kuye.
- Ukwakheka. Izici lipid izakhiwo ubavumele ukuba ebalulekile amagobolondo. Bayingxenye ulwelwesi abami kwemitimba yabohulumende ukwakha ulwelwesi Izinzwa kwezicubu.
- Stock up. Lezi izinto kukhona okunamafutha acid ifomu ukonga umzimba.
- Antiokisdantnaya. lipid isakhiwo kubenza bakwazi ukwenza ungenza okufanayo, futhi emzimbeni.
- Regulatory. Ezinye lipids kukhona balamuli hormone kumaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye lipids akhiwa amahomoni izinto ukufukula immunogenez.
- Avikelayo. Ongama amafutha ungqimba uyabavikela ezishisayo kanye mechanical besikhumba saleso silwane. Njengoba izitshalo, bese wax yakha igobolondo ovikelayo phezu amaqabunga kanye nezithelo.
- Imininingwane. Lipids gangliosides ukunikeza oxhumana nabo phakathi amaseli.
- Wokugaya ukudla. Lipid cholesterol inganamatheli Bile acid okuhilelekile inqubo ukugaya.
I synthesis lipids emzimbeni
compounds Iningi le ekilasini basuke kwemiqondo kuseli ye okufanayo sokuqala impahla - acetic acid. Ukulungisa hormone fat umzimba ezifana insulini, i-adrenalin kanye pituitary hormone.
Kukhona futhi lipids ukuthi umzimba akunakuveza yayo. Kufanele ufake umzimba womuntu ukudla. Bona equkethwe ikakhulukazi imifino, izithelo, amakhambi, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu, sunflower omnqumo amafutha kanye neminye imikhiqizo ye-imvelaphi isitshalo.
Lipids, amavithamini
Ezinye amavithamini ngokwemvelo yabo chemical kukhona isigaba lipids. Lawa ngamavithamini A, D, E kanye K. Bayobizwa udle ukudla.
| vitamin | imisebenzi | Ukubonakaliswa ukuntula | imithombo |
| Vitamin A (retinol) | Ubamba lichaza ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezicubu EPITHELIAL. Afakwe rhodopsin - sombala ezibukwayo. | Ukoma futhi flaking kwesikhumba. Lokhu kungabangela ukufiphala kwamehlo ekukhanyeni abampofu. | Isibindi, isipinashi, izaqathe, parsley, upelepele obomvu, amabhilikosi. |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | Ukubamba iqhaza ku-calcium umzimba. Kuvuselela namaprotheni obhekene igazi coagulation ehilelekile kumiswa ithambo izicubu. | Ukuqina sekuyenzeka cartilage, igazi ekunqandeni, usawoti ezifakwa kwi izindonga imithambo yegazi, amathambo ukusonteka. Vitamin K ukuntula ivelakancane. | It is kuhlelwe umqondo ngemagciwane emathunjini. Futhi eziqukethwe amaqabunga ulethisi, sembabazane, isipinashi, iklabishi. |
| Vitamin D (calciferol) | Ubamba lichaza calcium umzimba, ithambo kwetinhlavu kanye izinyo koqweqwe lwawo. | yamathambo | Cod uwoyela kwesibindi, amaqanda isikhuphasha, ubisi, ibhotela. It is kuhlelwe umqondo esikhumbeni ukwenekwa emisebeni ultraviolet. |
| Vitamin E (tocopherol) | Kuvuselela izivikeli mzimba. Angenele izicubu ukuvuselelwa. Kuvikela ulwelwesi cell ekulimaleni. | Ukwandisa permeability of cell ulwelwesi, ukwehla bangangenwa yilesi sifo. | Imifino ezitshalo. |
Lapha sahlola isakhiwo nezakhiwo lipids. Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi iziphi kulezi izinto, yini umehluko phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukahlukene, lipids indima enze abantu.
isiphetho
Lipids - izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi organic, okuyinto zihlukaniswe elula eziyinkimbinkimbi. Zenza emzimbeni imisebenzi eziyisishiyagalombili: amandla lilondolozwe, sakhiwo, antioxidant, ovikelayo zokulawula, wokugaya ukudla nolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona lipids, amavithamini. Zenza ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi yemvelo.
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