Wezombusazwe - iyona isiphetho abantu noma ukukhetha bayazi?

wezombusazwe - okuyinkambiso kahulumeni, iziphathimandla izindlela zisebenzisa ezogada, izindlela ukuphendula kwemizwa umphakathi. Okuyinto enomthelela ukulondolozwa kwalo amashumi eminyaka, futhi okungase kubangele Ukunganeliseki sabantu bese uba ukuthi sasiyini isizathu sokushintsha umbuso lokubusa?
Ekhuluma wezombusazwe, sibona ehilelekile encane. Abaningi (kwacaca ukuthi, isikhathi esithile futhi umbhali kakhulu) uvame edidekile noma uhlanganise imiqondo emibili: "uwuhlobo oluthile lukahulumeni" futhi "wezombusazwe". Sabalalisa kubo kancane. Ifomu uhulumeni uhlelo ngalokulingene. It libhekene nokuxhumana amandla, oda kumiswa uhulumeni kanye nencazelo inhloko yezwe. wezombusazwe - kungcono uhlamvu ngaphezulu, izindlela kanye izindlela budlelwane emkhatsini wetincenye iziphathimandla futhi phakathi iziphathimandla kanye labantu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-wezombusazwe of Japan - yeningi, futhi izinhlobo zohulumeni - amakhosi ohlanga eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo.

Uma sesithole Besakhuluma umehluko kulemibandela, kunengqondo ukugxila typology yabo. avelele Political yeningi futhi amaphekula (kobushiqela wobushiqela) umbuso izinhlobo. Ngokuqondene izinhlobo zohulumeni, ke kukhona abaningi:

• State: Federal (e-Australia), Islamic (Afghanistan), lezizwe ezihlukahlukene (Bolivia), ebumbeneko (Sri Lanka).
• Republic, kuhlanganise federal (Austria), Unitarian (Bangladesh), Islamic (i-Iran). ifomu Republican kahulumeni sizalwa nawo iningi kwamazwe anamuhla, kuhlanganise naseRussia.
• Ohlanga - yomthethosisekelo (Japan), ngokuphelele okungokwasezulwini (Vatican), ngokuphelele (Brunei), ePhalamende (Spain). Ohlanga, ethathwa kanjalo - Oman.
• ubukhulu ePhalamende (Andorra).

Njengoba ubona, ngendlela uhulumeni wehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zazo zikhona kuphela umbuso owodwa. Isibonelo salokhu - eVatican, Andorra, Iran, Bolivia, Sri Lanka, Spain, Afghanistan.

Izici kohulumeni bezombangazwe ngokuvumelana Aristotle

Ukutadisha izinto lesi sihloko esisekelwe kuwo, yangimangaza indlela eyisa nemibuso yezombangazwe okuphakanyiswe ngu-Aristotle. Kimina, kwakubonakala sengathi, emsebenzini wakhe "Ezombusazwe" ngokuyisisekelo isimiso sezombusazwe ukuthi ebekwe nencazo kufinyeleleke kakhulu futhi elungile. Ngakho, u-Aristotle ngamnyama 6 nemibuso yezombangazwe main. Kulawa, bobathathu kwakungamadodana amafomu afanele, kodwa ezintathu kwadingeka ukuhluka zabo ezonakele.

• Lungisa wezombusazwe - kuba (ngokubona omkhulu sefilosofi) kwamakhosi, ebukhosini futhi polity. ngokunemba wabo ukuthi nezenzo zikahulumeni okuhloswe ngazo kuzuze izakhamuzi.
• Obuphendukezelwe wezombusazwe - ukufiphala we "ngokunemba" izimiso. Lezi zihlanganisa ngobushiqela, oligarchy kanye nentando yeningi. Lezi zenzo kohlelo ukuphathwa kwamandla kuhloswe "kuhle kuwe."

Abathandwayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Cicero e ukuhunyushwa lo mbhalo, ngokusho kwabanye imithombo, esiye sathatha indawo welithi "polity" umqondo "republic" ukuthi kakhulu ezithinta ikhono bezibona umbhalo kweqiniso. (Republic ngaleso sikhathi bafunda ngokuhweba, amagama okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma.)

semthethweni kohulumeni

Cishe abaningi babefuna ukwazi umbuzo wokuthi kungani abanye imibuso, okuyinto kufanele ubangele ayenqaba enobudlova ahlale ezingeguquleke amakhulu eminyaka? kukhona eside ukuvunywa ezifana "semthethweni". Libonisa ukuthi izakhamuzi isimo ukuqaphela izinqubo kanye nezindlela esetshenziswa uhulumeni, ilungile futhi eyamukelekayo. Kulokhu, labantu cishe Kawunakuzama ukuphazamisa uhlelo olukhona yezenhlalakahle akwenziwa imizamo ukuketula uhulumeni futhi ushintshe uhlelo. Zonke izenzo kanye nezidingo neziphathimandla ziqondakala njengoba zemvelo, kudingekile futhi kweqiniso kuphela. Ngiyavuma, kufana kakhulu nalokho umbuso zezombusazwe eRussia (noma kunalokho, iSoviet Union) owawukhona phakathi nokubusa uStalin. Kuyinto kule ngaphezu isimiso eyishumi lapho , North Korea.

Yini ebangela "Ukuhanjiswa" ngale ndlela ingxenye labantu? Kahle olwakhiwe yekuphila. Asemthethweni wezombusazwe - amandla, okuyinto ezisekelwe emasikweni yokhokho futhi lasendulo, inkolo, ukukhetha olala zezombusazwe (okungaba futhi kubhekwe uhlobo inkolo), kanye nemigomo yeNhlangano rationality.