US Communist Party, lapho kusungulwa, amafilosofi, imisebenzi

Ngo-1919, ezimpilweni izishoshovu American zezombusazwe abahlanganyela imibono ka Marxism-Leninism, kwaba isenzakalo esibalulekile: amaqembu abo ezimbili eziyinhloko, omunye okwakubekelwa eliholwa Charles Ruthenberg, kanti eyesibili Dzhon ukuqeda, ephethwe babumbane, futhi ngenxa yalokho wazalwa iCommunist Party of-United States of America .

Qala kumiswa party

Kusukela ekuqaleni ukhona, waba ngaphansi kokubuswa cindezela kanzima American Justice, eba into uchungechunge yezenzo ezempi okuhloswe ngazo ekulweni okuthiwa "bawusongo abomvu". Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhumbule okungenani edumile "Palmer kuphangwa" ngokumelene leftists futhi izidlamlilo yazo zonke izinhlobo, kanye eziningi nezinye izenzo ezifanayo.

Igama layo zamanje ze-US Communist Party iwine kuphela ngo-1929, ngesikhathi esedlule lalibizwa Melika Workers Party. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XX kwaba iqembu ezinethonya kunazo umqondo kaMarx.

Izinkathi nokuwa

Phakathi ukunyakaza eziningi zezombusazwe uzama ngandlela-thile kuphazamise sabasebenzi American, indima evelele kunazo zonke embuthweni wezabasebenzi yaleyo minyaka ke idlalwe US Communist Party. TSB - Elikhulu Encyclopedia KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - kunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi kule nkathi, ezingaphezu kuka-abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyikhulu babe amalungu ayo. Ngokwabacwaningi, umsebenzi party NEKUKHULUMA ngo-1939.

Nokho, nokwehla okuphawulekayo ukuthandwa amaKhomanisi kwaphawuleka kule ayisihlanu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-eziningi kucaca eduze kwabo, kwacaca ukuthi, hhayi ngokubambisana esingenandaba nohulumeni wase-USSR, kanye usekelo zonke izinhlobo "entsha kwesokunxele" futhi "nempi".

dirty money

Kwakungeyona eqanjiwe, njengoba zabhala kudala njengoba 1987, amaKhomanisi aseSoviet idluliselwe akhawunti lozakwabo bakwamanye kwezilwandle cishe izigidi ezintathu zamadola. Nokho, yayisikhuphuka yokwakha kabusha futhi M. S. Gorbachov ivinjiwe izimali zabo zezimali.

Njengoba kwaziwa, eminyakeni yamuva, iCommunist Party of United States kwakungelona engenamsebenzi oyivila CPSU futhi alandwa ngokwethembeka imali. Abaningi wetakhiwo ayengaphansi kokulawula ngqo GRU futhi NKVD. By the way, ngokuvumelana ngokwabo njengoba baseMelika, iningi kulabo abalahlwa ngokubambisana Soviet inkonzo ukukhalipha, babephakathi kwamalungu LamaKhomanisi.

Ngo-July 1948, US Congress labetibambile icala liqulwe enkantolo yomphakathi mayelana naleli cala. Ofakazi main babe Whittaker Izingxoxo no-Elizabethe Bentley - ejenti elaliyiSoviet, kanye namalungu amaningi LamaKhomanisi, nowalahlwa yicala ubunhloli. ubufakazi kwabo kubonakala imiyalezo umsakazo irrefutably ukuqhaqha wathumela kusukela e-United States. IQembu LamaKhomanisi, kakade elahlekile ngesikhathi ukuthandwa ngenxa yalezi Ukuvezwa usezuze isithombe "lomshoshaphansi."

izikhathi ezinzima

Ekuqaleni kwawo-the forties kanye nabangamashumi amahlanu, cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amane amaKhomanisi, kuhlanganise isikhundla futhi ifayela amalungu enhlangano kanye nemsebenti yayo, isinqumo senkantolo bagwetshwa ehlukahlukene ejele. Isisekelo lokhu kwaba umthetho, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- "Smith Mthetho" sihlinzekela izinhlawulo labo ngandlela-thile neqhaza kokugumbuqelwa uhulumeni osemthethweni.

Ngenxa yokuthi uhla imisebenzi zingena ngaphansi sihloko yomthetho ukuthi ngalokwanele echazwe ngenhla, ngosizo yayo ungathumela ejele iyiphi wokuhlasela kuka, futhi wayevame ukusebenzisa amandla Melika. Esikhathini esifanayo, kusho inyunyana ibambe ingqungquthela kazwelonke, lapho kwanqunywa ukuba ngakususi kusuka kunombolo nanye zabo izinhlangano inyunyana, okuyinto asekelwe LamaKhomanisi USA. Ngakho, embuthweni wezabasebenzi kuye kwabonisa isifiso sakhe ukuba abadedisele yena nenhlangano yezombusazwe esikhonkwaneni.

"McCarthyism" inkathi

Kusukela ekuqaleni amahlanu izwe waqala ukuhamba okuthiwa McCarthyists - Abasekeli US yilungu lephalamende Dzhozefa Reymonda McCarthy, ukukhuluma nokucindezela asebenzayo LamaKhomanisi futhi bazonde-American emphakathini. isikhundla sakhe waba yinsika ububanzi phakathi kwabantu, okuyinto esebenzisa isihluku isimo esinzima kakade lapho kwakukhona LamaKhomanisi USA. A ukuvinjelwa umsebenzi wayo engakaze ozibekile, kodwa, nokho, ukuzinza kanye Sakhiwo sangekhatsi inhlangano kakhulu zazamazama.

Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo izinkinga imisebenzi wamaKhomanisi waba washushiswa ngaphansi FBI efakwe kuleyo minyaka zohlelo ukucindezela imisebenzi emelene nohulumeni futhi ubunhloli. Lokhu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi amalungu abaningi abavamile iqembu engasafuni ukuba nenkinga ephuma isibalo samalungu alo, nalabo asebenza ababesesendleleni ukukhululeka, washesha ukumemezela ukwethembeka kwabo esidlangalaleni emagunyeni.

Replenishment Party amatekisi sixties

Ngo sixties, iCommunist Party of United States ezimbalwa bandisa umsebenzi walo ngezithukuthuku entry wakhe ku nempi - amalungu ukunyakaza komphakathi ukuthula kanye nokwenqaba izinkinga yezizwe ngezizwe ngendlela yezempi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi kwababusi amaKhomanisi futhi wajoyina i-New Left.

Lawa kwakungamadodana abamele izinhlangano umqondo kaMarx, kodwa nemibono yayo baba matasa kakhulu isikhundla ngakwesokunxele. Babephikisana le ukuntula ingokomoya zomhlaba osentshonalanga, isifiso okwandile kwandzisa lwati nokwephulwa ekuphila nekutiphatsa. abaholi zamaKhomanisi eminyakeni besekele komzabalazo wokulwela amalungelo abantu, inhloko esagcina wabulala uMartin Luther King.

Party uhlukanise ekupheleni Eighties

Igebe phakathi amaKhomanisi nangokuthi iCommunist Party of America okwenzeka in the Eighties sekwephuzile, lapho wagxeka kabusha eyenziwa e-Russia. nkululeko alahlekelwe kakhulu, futhi ngomqondo truest izwi. Kusukela ngo-1989, i-Kremlin isidlulile babanike ukusekelwa ngokwezimali.

Ukungabi bikho kwemali Inyakazisé intransigence ngemibono amanye amaqabane American, futhi esimisweni salowo labetibambile ngo-1991, obizwa ngokuthi i-Ukuyekwa kwezindlela Leninism kanye reorientation ebhekiswe ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni wentando yeningi okungavamile.

Lezi "refuseniks", obhekwa njengomuntu, babe eziyivelakancane, futhi waphuma indlela yokwakheka Party, eyasungulwa inhlangano ezimele zezombusazwe. Nokho, ukuhamba kwakhe bambeka uqhekeko phakathi kwababusi amaKhomanisi, ngaleyo ndlela buthaka kakhulu zakhe zangaphambili party osebenza nabo.

Iqembu, okuyinto ophika udlame

Phakathi ukunyakaza zezwe zezombangazwe, ememezela umgomo waso oyinhloko inguquko sezenhlalo, kuyafaneleka neQembu LamaKhomanisi USA. Nokho, imfundiso ye-party, ugxile kuleso sihloko ngokugcwele ushintsho enokuthula amafomu sezenhlalo ka ukuphathwa kanye ukusungulwa izindlela eziyisisekelo ukukhiqizwa.

AmaKhomanisi American, kuhlelo lwabo, cha amukela phi izinhlobo zodlame, okuhloswe ngaso ekushintsheni isimiso esasikhona. Yingenxa yalesi kuwo wonke umlando, it is hhayi kungavunyelwa US Communist Party kwaba, nakuba kwathiwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kuziphathimandla.

ukugxekwa ahlangene umphakathi wobunxiwankulu

Uma siqhathanisa uhlelo iCommunist Party of America idokhumenti efanayo, nabo Soviet, ukuthi kanye eziningi ezifanayo ukuze badonsele ukunaka ngokwabo, futhi umehluko omkhulu. Yini kubahlanganisa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukugxekwa umphakathi eyakhelwe ngesisekelo yangasese.

Uhlelo American Ngokwesibonelo, eziningi abayinakanga yokuthi capitalism yesimanje, usebenzisa ikhono abezindaba ngaphansi kophiko lwayo, ukuhlukanisa isigaba sabasebenzi nabantu kubangane bawo kwenza bekholelwa imikhuba ezinjalo ezingafanelekile, nokumela anti-ubukhomanisi, chauvinism kazwelonke, kwamaJuda bekufika kanye ngokobulili .

Izindlela ezahlukene eziningi nezindaba ukuphokophela

Nokho, amaphuzu amaningana zohlelo American kungaphezu amafilosofi yokutholwa yiSoviet Union. Ngokwesibonelo, iyiphi indlela ukuthi akekho ayihlangani imiqondo yaseSoviet yokuthuthela ephathelene nokufaneleka ngokokuziphatha kwezinqubo isimo sabo maqondana nezindaba ezihlobene izinkinga ezincane ngokocansi nobulili. Ngokungafani amazinga Soviet yokucabanga, amaKhomanisi kwezilwandle cabanga umphakathi LGBT njengoba ibutho lesichubekako, ogama indima iye kokukhulumela emphakathini, nokuthi yini ube ukwesekwa okunokwethenjelwa emzabalazweni ukuze kufezwe imigomo.

Ngokombono wabo, bekufika kanye nokuhlaselwa amalungu ezincane yobulili izikhali ezandleni izakhi kwesokudla-wing, okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko at ngokudala uqhekeko kuleli ukuphikiswa. Uhlelo uthi, Ukuqhubeka phezu imibono osontekile zokuziphatha yimuli, ilungelo uzame ukusizakala bekufika phakathi isigaba sabasebenzi nabantu ngaleyo ndlela ukuheha ukuze uhlangothi lwalo.

Izinhlinzeko eyinhloko esimisweni Melika

Omunye izinto noHlelo American amaKhomanisi ukumemezela emzabalazweni amalungelo ezincane ngokocansi. Yiqiniso, noma yini efana nozakwabo Soviet neze namalimi. Kunezinye umehluko oyisisekelo eziningi izinhlelo wamaKhomanisi, ahlukaniswe ulwandle.

Namuhla, amalungiselelo eyinhloko esimisweni iCommunist Party of America ukulwa ngobunye isigaba sabasebenzi nabantu ukumelana yonke inhlobo yezokucwasa yobuhlanga bekufika kanye nokucwasa. Enye yezimfuneko zokusinda ukusungula amaholo kazwelonke zamadola nambili ngehora, futhi engasayi ukushushiswa izifikanamthwalo ezingene ezweni ngokungemthetho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi amaKhomanisi singaphoqi ukuhoxiswa amasosha ase-Iraq kanye nokwehla isabelomali lempi.

Iqembu ngasinda izitha zayo

Namuhla, iCommunist Party of US, eziningana zazo, ngokusho kwabanye imibiko, abantu hhayi ningi than nanhlanu ayizinkulungwane, yakhiwa amaseli elincane zisekelwe amakilabhu, izitolo, amabhizinisi kanye nezinye izikhungo ezehlukene. Izishoshovu amaseli anjalo futhi ikhuthazwa njalo ukufika abangabazi zabo zokuhlangana. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba alethele sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha nezingxoxo eziqhubekayo lapho.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iCommunist Party of United States sisekelwe eenkambisweni efanayo ngemibono njengoba zonke ezinye izinhlangano kaMarx-Leninist, kanye namasheya nabo umgomo, amaMelika, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ungalokothi wabiza udlame evulekile ekufezeni izinjongo zabo.

Hard uyisho, nokuthi yini kukhona ngaphezulu - nobuntu, ukubala abandayo kanye nencazo eyisisekelo yegama nekutilondvolota mine, kodwa wavumela American amaKhomanisi ukusinda ngokuphepha izitha eziningi ziye zaba ingxenye umlando namuhla.