Lasolwandle Turkish: Inombolo lwemikhumbi, ukwakheka kanye sesimanje

Lapho yena wadutshulwa phansi yi-Turkish Air Force Russian Su-24 esibhakabhakeni yaseSiriya, umhayizo esiyingozi akusho ezenzeke ezweni lethu. Ukusabela kwakuthinta ezanele, futhi ushayele Turkey ukuba alandise futhi axolise ngokushesha, kodwa ihlulekile impi ehluke ngokuphelele - kwezomnotho. Kodwa uma Russia anquma "saber" isikhali, noma ngabe ayengaba nethemba impumelelo empini ezweni olwandle? Lesi sihloko sizodingida isimo Navy of Turkey, futhi wenza izici yokuqhathanisa. Kungenzeka yini ngxabano lempi phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili? manje umbuzo Lokhu ochwepheshe abaningi baxoxisana.

sesimanje

lasolwandle Turkish ushintsha ngokushesha okukhulu, sishiya zidilika ukuhlangana lwemikhumbi emandleni kahle, uyakwazi ukuyibhala amanzi Bosporus kanye iDardanelles. Ihamba, esikhathini esiningi, angaphandle kanye zanamuhla, kodwa abaningi ngokuvamile - brainchild of shipyards lalo. Lena akuyona amandla eyisisekelo ibutho Turkish, hhayi kakhulu, hhayi abacebe, kodwa ngokuhlakanipha abaseTurkey ukuphatha zonke izinsiza kanye ngokucophelela afeze ukuhlolwa isitifiketi.

Abaklami Good, shipyards yesimanje - isiqinisekiso ukusebenza lapho sesimanje ingqikithi Navy-Turkey. Eminyakeni ezayo ihlele umyalo Turkish uthuthukise noma esikhundleni iningi izikebhe kanye nemikhumbi. Turkish Uhlelo lasolwandle sesimanje yenziwa ukuze kancane kancane futhi ekugcineni enikeziwe ukwenqaba umkhumbi angaphandle izinhlelo. Kakade, maphrojekthi co-operative, ngokuhlanganyela shipyards angaphandle: umkhumbi lead ababebuthene phesheya, lonke ilayisensi ngaleso eTurkey. amakhono Njengoba ukwakhiwa lutholwa imikhumbi ngokuya eyinkimbinkimbi.

Izizathu sesimanje

Imboni shipbuilding kuleli zwe is kahle ngisho kwamanje: shipyards yesimanje amane abasebenza hhayi kuphela ngokwa yomthengisi imikhumbi - enkulu ngokwanele, uma kuqhathaniswa lasolwandle Turkish - kodwa futhi yokwakha imikhumbi emazweni angaphandle. Esikhathini umnyango umkhakha ukuzivikela yamemezela umncintiswano lapho abawinile kuyoba shipyards amane kuphela, okuyinto siyofeza ukwakhiwa nemikhumbi Navy. Turkey azizwa isidingo lasolwandle nakakhulu, njengoba ubona usongo hhayi kuphela emhlabeni ezweni lawo, kodwa imingcele ulwandle.

yokwesaba Okokuqala Turkish - kuba Russia elibuyisela ngokuya ihogela ithonya, futhi ezindaweni eziseduze enyakatho izintshisekelo eTurkey siqu. Lokhu kulwa eningizimu, futhi le ngxabano mlando phakathi entshonalanga naseGrisi, futhi-ke, empumalanga - ngokuphelele Iran ezingalindelekile. Futhi uma ucabangela ukuthi amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye wezindleko namanye amazwe ivolumu yezwe nokobana yezokuthutha zasolwandle, kungenzeka ukuba baqonde ukuthi kungani Turkish kwathunyelwa imikhumbi kumele akwazi ukuvikela. imikhumbi eqinile iqinisekisa ukuphepha navigation futhi uyakwazi ukuhlinzeka umngcele wokuphepha, akha kuphela 8.300 ugu plus ziqhingi zase-Aegean.

isakhiwo

lasolwandle Turkish has namuhla abantu amahlanu nanhlanu namakhulu. Emongweni ngoxhaxha indawo - izitsha patrol nesishiyagalolunye, futhi phakathi kwabo frigates esuka eJalimane (Meko 200) kanye ne-US (Oliver Hazard uPerry Knox), corvettes eziyisithupha French. Futhi rocket amabili nanhlanu kanye inqwaba patrol izikebhe kungenziwa abathintekayo ekusebenzeni ugu. imikhumbi Imayini siye ikakhulukazi uthenge futhi eFrance, eJalimane nase-United States.

Lapha imikhumbi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni akusebenzi, kodwa kancane yabo. Imikhumbi-ngwenya kodwa nane, futhi bonke German. Inombolo Turkish kwathunyelwa imikhumbi, njengoba sibona, ngempela umxhwele. Kuyo yonke imikhumbi okwamanje uqhuba Standardization izikhali, hlola uhlelo lokulawula kanye nabo bonke abanye imishini lomkhumbi.

izikhali

Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze Turkey uzoqala ukuklama bebodwa, ngaphandle kosizo yohulumeni bangaphandle. Lolu hlelo ukulwa, futhi torpedoes esindayo futhi sonar ukuze ngwenya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ingxenye enkulu yale sesimanje Navy-Turkish kuze sincike patrnorov angaphandle, manje bavame lasolwandle Turkish ukuba abe ngumholi esifundeni.

Russian Black Sea imikhumbi akukaze wazimisela umsebenzi ukuncintisana tonnage ne omakhelwane abaseduze ngaphesheya kolwandle, kodwa ukugcwalisa umsebenzi walo ngisho division olulodwa tekusebenta-yecebo Russian Navy, Kojima futhi BSF ngokuqinisekile ukuphepha ukwazi nakwezempi kule nkundla kwemisebenzi ngempela ukunikeza. BSF ngezinye ekuchithweni kwayo ebusweni imikhumbi ezisebenza eduze kolwandle futhi ulwandle izindawo, fighter zasolwandle, anti-ngwenya futhi izindiza missile aphethe, udizili ngwenya, kanye ingxenye kwezinhloko zamaviyo ugu.

Russian Black Sea Fleet

I Flagship ngoxhaxha kuyinto missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Moskva" (Project 1164), ama-missile athelele antiship eziyinkimbinkimbi "Intaba-mlilo" ( "i-basalt"). Kweminsalo abe nesivinini leSupersonic futhi hit ilitshe e ngokuphelele kuphi kule ndawo-Black Sea. Antiaircraft "Moscow" umsebenzi futhi wenza egcwele, njengoba eziyinkimbinkimbi "Fort" - cishe C-300, futhi iziqhumane ezinjalo - ayisishiyagalombili-ke, ngeke ukunikeza ayisithupha nane kokunqotshwa Okuqondiwe kanyekanye. Futhi lapho 'eMoscow "waqala ukulawula emoyeni ogwini olusentshonalanga zaseMedithera Syria ngemuva kwesigameko zethu Su-24-Turkish izindiza izindiza zempi lapho wayeka masinyane futhi ngokuphelele.

Ukuyedlula ukulwa amayunithi BSF - missile zikebhe ngokuthi "Isivunguvungu esikhulu", okuyinto ayinakho analogue futhi emabuthweni efanayo asolwandle we Black Sea amazwe umcengezi. A nhlanganisela eyingqayizivele lezi zikebhe ukwethusa zivele futhi maneuverability, yingakho sebeseduze inhliziyo amandla empi isigaba. Sheshisa ngokushesha, ngezikhali ezinamandla anti-umkhumbi ezicitshwayo eziyisishiyagalombili, anti-aircraft kanye wezikhali izinhlelo anhlobonhlobo lezi zikebhe missile ngokuphepha ukunikeza ukulawula zone zasolwandle.

ngwenya

I Black Sea Russian ngwenya amabutho futhi muva beyibonakala azalwe. Project 636 ngwenya kukhona ukucasha kakhulu - "ocean ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu" emazwini ochwepheshe abavela NATO. Bona naleli yemvelo ulwandle ingemuva kanye hit okuhloswe on the uhla, okuyinto akuvumeli isitha ukuthola, ne ibanga sidlula lesi ukuthola izikhathi eziningana.

Futhi kuphela ngwenya entsha yale ekilasini oLwandle Olumnyama okungenani ezine. Ngo-ngwenya alesi sigaba ( "Warszawianka") izikhali ezinamandla - amasethi eziyisithupha nesishiyagalombili noma amabili nane torpedoes, izimayini, kanye cruise micibisholo "Calibre", okuyinto ibulala futhi phansi amatshe, njengoba kuboniswe imisebenzi yaseSiriya. Kubuyekeziwe Lolwandle Olumnyama Fleet futhi zezindiza oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, egcwele entsha Su-30cm, futhi ukuchaza izimfanelo lokulwa walo mshini akwanele of arsenal enkulukazi namazwi okudumisa. Konke okungenhla kusikisela ukuthi projection kokuphikiswa we Navy Turkey neRussia sifaniso kusobala ozosisiza.

Floating "lesibili ngesandla" ibuyekeziwe

Turkey wazi kahle ukuthi isimo imingcele zasolwandle kumele kuciniswe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kade baphikelele uzama ukudala wempi siqu ngokuphelele, ngisho noma umklamo lathathwa amaJalimane, nezinye izikhali kusukela baseMelika. Kodwa Corvettes entsha at shipyards Turkish kukhona kuyakhiwa, kuhlelwe ngisho ngumbhubhisi luyingxenye Turkish ezenziwe, ne amathuba ezingeni European noma eMelika. Ngisho kukhona inkulumo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwezindlu abathwali kokwehla endizeni, njenge- "Mistral".

Lokho kwemizwa ku ohlangothini-Turkish namanje nochuku kanye nokuqinisa waseRussia Black Sea Fleet ubuholi Turkish ziyacasula. Ikakhulukazi ngoba kukhona iqembu ngakho oludonsa ihlanganisa pool egcwele Black Sea eCrimea. Okuningi ekhathalela kakhulu ubuholi wezwe ukuthi isigaba Russian sokunethezeka lubhekisele oLwandle iMedithera. Elimazayo Turkey, ngoba kakhulu muva ababekuso kulesi sifunda eziqine.

ngishiyeka

Namuhla Turkey umelene cishe bonke omakhelwane bayo, ngisho Israyeli uyekile kube ally, ikakhulukazi kusukela kuqale ubudlelwane wezwe neSiriya. Nezingxabano ne Russia - lena nezimo ezingalindelekile kakhulu. Into kuphela Turkey kungathatha kulesi sici - ukwenza abangane ngokumelene Russia nase-Ukraine, kodwa induduzo akekho kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani, kwasekuqaleni - lasolwandle Turkish.

Russian-Turkish kungqubuzana kuye ngokushesha okukhulu, kodwa ngokushesha ukuthi luqede - futhi ngaphandle ukungenela ezempi. Nokho, izibikezelo imicimbi Amazing sezivele zenziwe: eStraits ukuvinjelwa, ivimbela ngoxhaxha Russian ngasogwini Syria, njengoba kuboniswe Turkish ibutho ukuqeqeshwa ngendlela okumelwe eSea of Marmara, futhi kamuva ukuqokwa ngwenya e isiqondiso impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Moskva", uye wasiphakamisela izingxabano phakathi kwala mazwe womabili cishe kuya esiphezulu. Ungakwazi ahlaziye ukuziphatha yakamuva Navy-Turkish, isithombe-lwazi ngokwanele ububanzi.

amalungelo omthetho

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi sisebunzimeni ukugqagqana Turkey alinalo ilungelo kudala njengoba 1936, yasekela ukumiswa koMkhandlu zomhlangano emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise Turkey efanayo. Ubukhosi phezu sokuhlupheka iDardanelles kanye Bosphorus akusho ilungelo ngaphandle sempi ukuvimba ukunyakaza mabutho nalamanye emave.