Ukuwa kwe-eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga

Ukuwa kwe-eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga - isihloko yethulwa kuleli historiography elilodwa yesazi-mlando ezinethonya kunazo Edward Gibbon (1737-1794). Umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu "Umlando we Yenqaba futhi Fall okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma" wenza umqondo owaziwa abafundi nesithakazelo kakhulu kule nkinga. Nakuba singeke sikwazi ukuthi Gibbon waba ngowokuqala ngubani wazinikela ekutadisheni lapho futhi kungani umbuso omkhulu ngiyaquleka. Kusukela ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili le mibuzo, ososayensi abaningi babe oshisekela, njalo ukunikela eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma entsha. Njengoba esinye isazi wesimanje American Glen Bauersok, ukuwa eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga ingabonwa njengoba archetype we kwelanga noma yimaphi amandla enkulu, ngakho-ke, njengoba iwuphawu nokwesaba kanye izixwayiso e nangenkathi ezahlukene.

Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuhlukana kuka ezindaweni esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga kulawulwa ababusi ngabanye, begqugquzelwa kokuwa koMbuso waseRoma. Esempumalanga baba eMbusweni WaseByzantium-dolobha yalo eConstantinople, ingxenye esentshonalanga wagxila ikakhulu ensimini ka-Italy yesimanje. Yenqaba okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma yayimelelwe lechubekako okuqhubeka engaphezu kweyikhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izazi-mlando uncamela ukuthi eRoma ingashintshwa ukuze izimo ezintsha, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwakungekho ukwehla. Rome Omkhulu, ngokuvumelana Edward Gibbon nabasekeli ezizathwini yakhe, lashabalala ku 4 Septhemba 476, lapho umholi Odoacer ezizweni zamaJalimane (e ibutho lamaRoma , wayebhekwa we mercenary-amaJalimane) wagudluzwa zinyanga Western uMbusi waseRoma kukaRomulus Awugustu. KukaRomulus Awugustu, wayenabafowabo umsuka zamaJalimane. Odoacer kubhekwe kukaRomulus akuyona ingozi kangako, lokho akusho ngisho uhlupho bambulale, kepha sichithiwe. Ukuwa kwe-eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga, walifakazela iqiniso lokuthi eRoma ayisekho obe nawo amandla ezezimali kanye ezazingakwazi ukuyilawula hhayi ngempumelelo zihlakazeke ezifundeni entshonalanga, nakuba izakhamuzi zakhona aqhubeka cabangela futhi bazibiza Roma. Icebo lika Kwegazi wayengekho 476 ezinkulu soshintsho, salethwa abaningi eduze izenzakalo kanye izitayela.

Ochwepheshe abaphethe izinguqulo nezimo ezintsha, kunenkolelo yokuthi umbuso waqhubeka nokuba khona kwaze kwaba ngo-1453. Ngakho, ukuwa eMbusweni waseRoma oseNtshonalanga iphutha ngenkathi Ottoman wafika eByzantium (waseConstantinople).

Yiqiniso, usuku kokugumbuqelwa kukaRomulus Awugustu, eyamukelwa Edward Gibbon kuyinto ezivamile kakhulu, futhi eqinisweni, nangabe kutawuba khona ithuba lokubuza abantu ababephila ngaleso sikhathi, babeyoqabuleka bayamangala ngokuthi Historiography kwenza lesi senzakalo esibalulekile ngakho. Singasho futhi ucabangele ezinye izenzakalo ezibalulekile, okuyinto kwasho kokuwa koMbuso WamaRoma, kanye inhlanganisela yezici eziningi (ukubukeka nkolo entsha kobuKristu, crisis jikelele emnothweni eziwohlokayo, inkohlakalo eqinile, ukuwa kwamandla emali, izinkinga lempi, nokubusa ezingasebenzi ka ababusi kanye nabanye), okwaholela ukuncipha. Nokho, lolu suku ngokwesiko kuphawula ukuphela zasendulo ekuqaleni European Ephakathi. Lo mbuso e -Western Europe, kuhlanganise isiNtaliyane, futhi engxenyeni esenyakatho-ntshonalanga Afrika abangu ngaphansi Ukuhlasela ehlukahlukene, kukhona ukunyakaza yobuhlanga, wabizela ndawonye Ukufuduka Okukhulu. Engxenyeni esempumalanga yomngcele abephule ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka kuze kube ukunqoba Islamic.

Ngokuvamile, lapho kuwa uMbuso WaseRoma imakwe ushintsho ukwenza izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe, kwathatha ifomu kobushiqela yahulumende, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-ze ubuKristu njengoba inkolo wombuso, Ukuyekwa kwezindlela amasiko namagugu endala classical. I historiography Kuyinto evamile ukusebenzisa igama elithi "uMbuso WaseByzantium", njengoba umamukeli okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, futhi eqinisweni kungcono Nokho ukhulume ukulandelana, zamuva endulo Empire sihlukile eRoma classical.