Kozelsk Defence in 1238

Kozelsk Defense (1238) - esinye sezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni amaMongol Ukuhlasela nemikhankaso yalahla iRussia. Mashi 25 waqala bevikela umuzi namabutho ka Batu. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa 7 amasonto. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izakhamizi liye lazibonakalisa ungungoti ekwenzeni amacebo ukuzivikela kakhulu futhi baba isibonelo okungenakudanjiswa umoya Russian.

okusho Kozielska

Kozelsk njalo waba obaluleke ngokukhethekile amasu ngokushesha njengoba yasungulwa. Wabizwa "ngifuna uye eMpumalanga." Kozelsk eRussia Umncele asemaqeleni futhi kwadingeka value bebutho eliqaphile ukuhlasela we Khazars, Pechenegs futhi Polovtsian.

inhlanhla Imininingwane ezimbi

Kodwa wonke umlando walo edolobheni uye waba njalo amashwa. ngokuvamile edlula izitha yeRussia. Batu aqala ngokuhlasela nebutho lakhe, bese yayishisiwe Khan Akhmat, wathukuthela wagan 'unwabu ngenxa yokupaka ophoqelelwe phezu Ugra. Liyahlaselwa Kozelsk ngisho uNapoleon, futhi ngo-1941 edolobheni lathunjwa amaJalimane.

Ingemuva Kozelsk

Kozelsk ukuzivikela eyaqhutshwa ngenkathi amaMongol ahlasele. Izakhamuzi bavikelekile amabutho Batu. ukuhlasela kwakhe edolobheni nomthelela izimbangela eziningi. Omunye main - inzondo omude Kozelsk. Blame kwaba Prince Mstislav, owayehlangene lokubulala amanxusa-Mongolian. Ukubulawa senzeka ngo 1223 kwi emfuleni Kalka. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Prince Mstislav e 1238 kwaba akasaphili, inzondo kuye wahlala.

AmaMongol babemagange aphindisele esidlule. Futhi ngikholwa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi Mstislav aphoqelelwe ukuba banecala ngalokho akwenza, ngenxa yokuthi babengavumelani sithembekile kuye. Ngakho-ke, ngaleso sikhathi lwalesi sibhicongo, le Kozielska ukuzivikela eyathatha amasonto 7. Kodwa ezinye izikhulu Russian ukusiza izakhamuzi wangafika. Babefanele ukuvikela umuzi wabo.

Kuzuzisa Kozielska phakathi nokuvimbezela yakhe

Abasebenzi eyakhelwe Kozelsk, banikezwe ukuma endaweni. Kwakubalulekile ukuba izivikelo zaleli dolobha. Kozelsk abavikeli kule wayazi izinto eziningi. Idolobhana yayisethafeni amagquma aphakeme. Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi sasizungezwe amanzi. Kusukela empumalanga - k. Zhizdra, nasentshonalanga - k. Drugusna. Ngenxa ukugeleza emifuleni, emhlabeni amagquma kwakhiwa emaweni. Ngakho-ke, kusukela entshonalanga nasempumalanga komuzi uthole kwakungenakwenzeka.

Ohlangothini enyakatho Kozelsk izakhamuzi zalo bemba isiteshi yokufakelwa. Wayengumuntu phakathi kwemifula behlisa inkambo yabo. Ngenxa yalokhu isiteshi, endaweni ixhaphozi. Futhi sibonga lokhu ukuze uthole Kozelsk Kwakunzima kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi lapho iqhwa liqala zigcwale amanzi. Khona-ke umuzi waphenduka isiqhingi ukuthi uzungezwe amanzi nxazonke.

Ngakho-ke Kozielska ukuzivikela eyathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Baty, esahlozinga umuzi, esimweni esinzima. abayimizulane-Mongolian esetshenziswa izimpi ogwadule. Kodwa umuzi wawuyigolide egqumeni. Futhi ngenxa yalesi kwakungenakwenzeka sokwakha a Fort, ubuchwepheshe yokukhiqiza eye lathathwa Chinese.

Ngaphandle ukuthi Kozelsk kahle ivikelwe izithiyo zemvelo, it is nencwadi nesicu ngobuningi. A wall emhlabeni ngaphandle komuzi esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe obukhulu ukhuni udonga, amaqembu nemibhoshongo, zazo ake abacibisheli imicibisholo.

Ngenxa isivikelo esinjalo ezinhle Kozelsk ngeke sithi ekuvinjezelweni eside. Batu futhi ukulwa kwakhe izimoto ibutho isikhathi eside ayikwazanga ukuthola eduze ezindongeni zomuzi. Kozelsk izakhamizi ukusebenzisa amandla nokubogaboga kwazo ngempumelelo wavikela ezinezivikelo eziqinile ingxenye (Detinets) kusukela Tatar izindimbane.

Izimbangela ukuzivikela eside

Kozelsk zizivikele amatutu Batu isikhathi eside. Futhi babebaningi izizathu lokhu. Omunye wabo - iqhwa lincibilika entwasahlobo. Waphenduka emzini esiqhingini ungenakunqotshwa. Batu ibutho yahlwithwa hhayi kuphela kusukela mudslides Kozelsk, kodwa futhi iqembu elikhulu Storm futhi Kaduna. Ngenxa yalokho, usizo akufanele ngilindele zigcine edingekayo.

Baty entwasahlobo azange abe ekuchithweni kwayo nenombolo ledzingekako amasosha ukulwa nezingqinamba zemvelo ukuze edolobheni oyifunayo. Tatar-amaMongol Wanquma ukulindela kudlule isikhukhula, nebandla elisha ukuhlasela Kozelsk. Ibutho Batu ayenenkinga shaye sikhathi.

Fidelity abavikeli Kozelsk

Kozelsk izakhamizi abanalo ukukhohlisa ngokuqondene AmaTatar futhi amaMongol. retinue kwesikhulu, ndawonye neqembu Mstislava Chernigovskogo kakade balwa ayizitha Kalka. Prince uVasili ngesikhathi evimbezela emzini Batu eneminyaka engu-12. Kodwa wayazi ukubaluleka izithembiso isitha.

AmaTatar wazama acindezele izakhamuzi zokuziphatha, ethi ngaphansi kobuholi ingane isikhulu ukuma iyehluleka. Kodwa ngokubona izakhamuzi sithathwe ngokuhlanganyelwa. Banquma ukuthi yize yisikhulu sabo futhi encane kuze kube manje, kodwa okungcono ukuba ufe bese ugcine uqobo idumela elihle ukwedlula ukuba aphindisele amaTartar.

Kuvikela emzini Kozelsk kwaba nobuqhawe ngempela. Kuze kube manje, lwesiTatar-Mongol ibutho amayunithi ukulinda indlela Buri futhi Kaduna, bamisa e-dolobha ngaseningizimu, izakhamizi Kozielska akalindanga ukuhlaselwa ngokuthobeka entsha. Abantu bomuzi njalo wenza ebusuku kuphangwa nokuhlaselwa ekamu Tatar-Mongol ngokungalindelekile.

Emasontweni ayisikhombisa Baty yathukuthela kusukela ukuketula Kozelsk izakhamizi. Kodwa dlulelani isikhundla - izindlela ukulahlekelwa inhlonipho kanye ukuthembeka oyinhloko. Sebevele kulimele kakhulu ngemva Batu sebefulathele Novgorod.

ukukhashelwa Kozelsk

Kukholakala ukuthi Kozielska banqande AmaTatar kungase kudonse eside. Kodwa phezu okukhohlisa. Lokho kukhona ubufakazi, nakuba ngokungaqondile. Eceleni emzaneni kunendawo encane Kozelsk deshovke. Igama abantu kwaba ngenxa yokuthi izakhamuzi kwakufanele amambuka. It wadlula zidlamlilo. Kungenzeka ukuthi amaMongol ukwesatshiswa izakhamuzi bakhomba izindawo ezibuthakathaka yedolobha, okuyinto kwakucishe ezingafinyeleleki ngenxa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo.

abavikeli Kozelsk

Kozelsk ukuzivikela yathatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, izakhamuzi balwa kakhulu, njalo sibonakalisa ekuhlaseleni amaMongol. Kodwa Batu babasiza kwezinhloko zamaviyo entsha-Mongolian eholwa Storm futhi Kaduna. Lezi ojenene esasiyinzalo uGenghis Khan. Ngenxa amabutho fresh futhi nobuqili bakule ndawo deshovke Kozelsk kungathatha izinsuku ezintathu.

Tatar-amaMongol yakhwela esihlahleni futhi wabhubhisa ingxenye izindonga enqabeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwasivulela esangweni main, nezakhamuzi 300 waphuma ukuba akwazi ukuxosha kuhlasela. Kodwa babelokhu elokhe ephethe izinkemba. Konke kwafa, kodwa ngokusho legend, wakwazi ukubulala abahlaseli mayelana 4,000. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka kumlawuli wamabutho ezintathu uGenghis. Kodwa-ke lokho izidumbu zazo ezingase ungazange kwatholakala phakathi izidumbu. Wabulawa kanye kancane Prince uVasili.

Izenzo kwabakhileyo Kozelsk

Kozelsk ukuzivikela yaphela ngezinsuku ezintathu, lapho wenza ngokumelene muzi waba khona amabutho wokutakula Yenkinga futhi Kaduna. Baletha lokuvimbezela izikhali ezintsha. Okokuqala enenhlamba le nomsele ngesikhathi udonga eningizimu. Khona-ke AmaTatar sakwazi ukumisa eziningi izinqaba zangaphandle umshini-izinto ezimbi. Futhi ezinye izindonga kwabhujiswa. Yaqala sibhicongo. Kodwa ovinjezelwe bakwazi aphebeze amaTatar.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, amaphekula wenza esinye sortie. Bahlasela ehlaselwa flank, ukushaya kwabo ngaphambili langemuva. Ngenxa yalokho, lachithwa eziningi lokuvimbezela izikhali futhi wabulala AmaTatar eziningi. Kodwa ukusekelwa uvele isikhathi, futhi Kozeltsev abulawe.

Ukuthatha Kozelsk

Ngemva kokuzwa ka sabashonile, Batu weza ngokufutheka esingakhulumekiyo. Phakathi izinduna abafa kwakunezingane izihlobo zakhe nabangane. Batu ngaphambilini akekho onga ngemva kokuthatha Kozelsk, ngisho abesifazane nezingane.

Njengoba nje amabutho wasondela Storm futhi Kaduna, baqala ehlelekile shelling edolobheni. ukushaya Okuqhubekayo kwathatha izinsuku ezimbili. Khona-ke lwesiTatar-amaMongol wasebenzisa iqhinga abawuthandayo - ukuhoxa zamanga. Kozeltsev banquma esezuze, kanye amaTartar emuva. Aphuma izindonga zomuzi ngoba ekuphishekeleni isitha. Kodwa amaMongol ngokuzumayo waqhubeka kulokhu kuhlasela kushone cishe wonke umuntu.

Kozelsk wasala ngaphandle ukuvikelwa. Le mpi yokugcina okwenzeka enkantolo kwesikhulu. Prince uVasili wacasha kahle emincane. Kodwa ukuze uthole it aphume khona ngemva kwempi, kodwa ngehluleka. Ngoba yona iyizindunduma phezu eziningi izidumbu. Lapho isikhulu wathola usefile. Mhlawumbe ayiminyanisa ukushoda emoyeni, futhi unga, ayiminyanisa egeleza igazi emgodini ngezidumbu.

Ukudumazeka ngemva ngokunqoba

Kozelsk ukuzivikela izakhamuzi bekuyiphupho, kodwa Baty balahlekelwa omkhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu uthukuthele Tatar-amaMongol waphenduka emzini amanxiwa. Batu uqambe kabusha Kozelsk e "City Emibi" futhi sinqatshiwe ngisho ukubalula igama wangaphambili. Futhi waphana ngabanye ngoba amandla amasha, nokukhuthazela izakhamizi, okwase kuyiminyaka kangaka bakwazi ukumelana nayo.

Emva kokuthatha Kozielska Batu eyabhekana nesimo esidumazayo okukhulu. Umuzi zonakale kwaba akashiyanga lutho kungenzeka babeke izandla zabo phezu. Ngokwe-mlando, izinselo ngisho imbuzi sobunxele. Amasosha ebambekile ngaphansi Kozelsk inyanga waqala ngokushesha ulahlekelwe ukulwa amakhono. Ukubuyela kwayo futhi aphakamise isimo salo bomlilo, Batu zamemezela umgomo wazo oyinhloko, esikhundleni principalities isiRashiya, asemaqeleni Polovtsian.